Akkermansia

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Akkermansia
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Verrucomicrobiota
Class:
Verrucomicrobiae
Order:
Verrucomicrobiales
Family:
Akkermansiaceae
Genus:
Akkermansia

Derrien et al. 2004 [1]
Type species
Akkermansia muciniphila
Derrien et al. 2004
Species [2]

Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota (Bacteria). [2] The genus was first proposed by Derrien et al. (2004), with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila (gen. nov., sp. nov). [1]

Contents

Until 2016 the genus contained a single known species, namely A. muciniphila . [2] In 2016, Akkermansia glycaniphila was isolated in the feces of a reticulated python. [3]

Etymology

The name Akkermansia (Ak.ker.man'si.a.) derives from: Neo-Latin feminine gender noun Akkermansia, named after Anton Dirk Louis Akkermans (28 October 1940 – 21 August 2006), [4] a Dutch microbiologist recognized for his contribution to microbial ecology. [2] Neo-Latin neuter gender noun mucinum, mucin; Neo-Latin adjective philus from Greek adjective philos (φίλος) meaning friend, loving; Neo-Latin feminine gender adjective muciniphila, mucin-loving). [1]

Description

Cells are oval-shaped, non-motile and stain Gram-negative. Strictly anaerobic organism. Chemo-organotrophic. Mucolytic in pure culture. [1] : 1474 

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [5]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [6] [7] [8] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [9] [10] [11]
Akkermansia

A. glycaniphila

A. biwaensisKobayashi et al. 2023

A. muciniphila

Akkermansia

A. muciniphila Derrien et al. 2004

A. glycaniphila Ouwerkerk et al. 2016

"Ca. A. intestinavium" Gilroy et al. 2021

"Ca. A. intestinigallinarum" Gilroy et al. 2021

Human metabolism

Akkermansia muciniphila can reside in the human intestinal tract and is currently being studied for its effects on human metabolism and health. [12] It could be of interest for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Akkermansia has been shown to reverse high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by increasing intestinal levels of endocannabinoids (e.g. 2-arachidonoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol) and mucosal thickness. [13] [14] [15] Another study showed that Akkermansia muciniphil alleviates depression-like behavior by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in a chronic stress mouse model. [16]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacillota</span> Phylum of bacteria

Bacillota is a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verrucomicrobiota</span> Phylum of bacteria

Verrucomicrobiota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that contains only a few described species. The species identified have been isolated from fresh water, marine and soil environments and human faeces. A number of as-yet uncultivated species have been identified in association with eukaryotic hosts including extrusive explosive ectosymbionts of protists and endosymbionts of nematodes from genus Xiphinema, residing in their gametes. The verrucomicrobial bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila is a human intestinal symbiotic bacterium that is considered as a promising probiotic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clostridia</span> Class of bacteria

The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Bacillota, including Clostridium and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the Bacilli by lacking aerobic respiration. They are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class Clostridia are often but not always Gram-positive and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a monophyletic group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future.

<i>Treponema</i> Genus of bacteria

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits. Treponema succinifaciens has been found in the gut microbiome of traditional rural human populations.

Fibrobacterota is a small bacterial phylum which includes many of the major rumen bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla. The genus Fibrobacter was removed from the genus Bacteroides in 1988.

Thermoanaerobacter is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). Members of this genus are thermophilic and anaerobic, several of them were previously described as Clostridium species and members of the now obsolete genera Acetogenium and Thermobacteroides

Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria), whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth. Like other members of the class Negativicutes, they are gram-negative, despite being Bacillota, which are normally gram-positive.

Actinocatenispora is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Actinocorallia is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Actinopolymorpha is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Actinospica is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Dehalogenimonas is a genus in the phylum Chloroflexota (Bacteria). Members of the genus Dehalogenimonas can be referred to as dehalogenimonads.

Alistipes is a Gram-negative genus of rod-shaped anaerobic bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota. When members of this genus colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they provide protective effects against colitis, and cirrhosis [citations needed]. However, this genus can also cause dysbiosis by contributing to anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and hypertension. Showcasing priority effects in microbiome assembly, when infant GI tracts have bacteria of the species Staphylococcus but not the species Faecalibacterium, Alistipes species become less capable of colonization. Alistipes, typically benign in the gut, can sometimes trigger infections like intra-abdominal abscesses and bloodstream infections, emphasizing the fine line between symbiosis and disease. This underscores the significance of comprehending their impact on human health within microbial ecosystems.

Cryptosporangium is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota.

Stigmatella is a bacterium genus in the phylum Myxococcota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erysipelotrichia</span> Class of bacteria

The Erysipelotrichia are a class of bacteria of the phylum Bacillota. Species of this class are known to be common in the gut microbiome, as they have been isolated from swine manure and increase in composition of the mouse gut microbiome for mice switched to diets high in fat.

The Selenomonadales are an order of bacteria within the class Negativicutes; unlike most other members of Bacillota, they are Gram-negative. The phylogeny of this order was initially determined by 16S rRNA comparisons. More recently, molecular markers in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been found specific for all Selenomonadales species. On the basis of these markers, the Selenomonadales are inclusive of two distinct families, and are no longer the sole order within the Negativicutes. Several CSIs have also been found specific for both families, Sporomusaceae and Selenomonadceae. Samples of bacterial strains within this order have been isolated from the root canals of healthy human teeth.

<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> Species of bacterium

Akkermansia muciniphila is a human intestinal symbiont, isolated from human feces. It is a mucin-degrading bacterium belonging to the genus Akkermansia, discovered in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and Willem de Vos at Wageningen University of the Netherlands. It belongs to the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and its type strain is MucT. It is under preliminary research for its potential association with metabolic disorders.

Akkermansia glycanphila is a species of intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium. It was first isolated from reticulated python feces in 2016.

Tumebacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria. Members of the genus can be motile or non-motile, and form white or yellow colonies on R2A agar.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Derrien M, Vaughan EE, Plugge CM, de Vos WM (September 2004). "Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (Pt 5): 1469–1476. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.02873-0 . PMID   15388697.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Genus: Akkermansia". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Leibniz Institute DSMZ. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  3. ↑ Ouwerkerk JP, Aalvink S, Belzer C, de Vos WM (November 2016). "Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (11): 4614–4620. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001399 . PMID   27499019.
  4. ↑ In memory of Antonius Dirk Louis (Anton) Akkermans, Springer Reference , retrieved 30 April 2014
  5. ↑ "Akkermansia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  6. ↑ "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  7. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ↑ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ↑ Jayachandran M, Chung SS, Xu B (2020). "A critical review of the relationship between dietary components, the gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila, and human health". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 60 (13): 2265–2276. doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1632789. PMID   31257904. S2CID   195759418.
  13. ↑ Lyte M, Cryan J, eds. (2014). Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 817. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4. ISBN   978-1-4939-0896-7.
  14. ↑ Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, Ouwerkerk JP, Druart C, Bindels LB, et al. (May 2013). "Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (22): 9066–9071. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1219451110 . PMC   3670398 . PMID   23671105.
  15. ↑ Tripathi AK, Kotak M, eds. (2022). Gut Microbiome in Neurological Health and Disorders. Nutritional Neurosciences. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4530-4. ISBN   978-981-19-4529-8.
  16. ↑ Ding Y, Bu F, Chen T, Shi G, Yuan X, Feng Z, et al. (November 2021). "A next-generation probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 105 (21–22): 8411–8426. doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11622-2. PMID   34617139.
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