Related Research Articles
Birsa Munda was an Indian tribal independence activist, and folk hero who belonged to the Munda tribe. He spearheaded a tribal religious millenarian movement that arose in the Bengal Presidency in the late 19th century, during the British Raj, thereby making him an important figure in the history of the Indian independence movement. The revolt mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khunti, Tamar, Sarwada and Bandgaon.
Rourkela is a planned city located in the northern district Sundargarh of Odisha, India. It is the third-largest Urban Agglomeration in Odisha after Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. It is situated about 328 kilometres (204 mi) west of the state capital Bhubaneswar and is surrounded by a range of hills and encircled by the rivers Koel, Sankha, & Brahmani. The city is also popularly known as Ispat Nagar and Steel City of Odisha as well. One of the largest integrated steel plants set up with German collaboration Known as Rourkela Steel Plant, of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). It also has one of the premier national level technical institute known as National Institutes of Technology (NIT Rourkela). Every year, on 3 March Rourkela Day has been celebrated.
Sambalpur District is a district in the western part of state of Odisha, India. The historic city of Sambalpur is the district headquarters.
The Munda people are an Austroasiatic-speaking ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They speak Mundari as their native language, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of Austroasiatic languages. The Munda are found mainly concentrated in the south and East Chhotanagpur Plateau region of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. The Munda also reside in adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh as well as in portions of Bangladesh, Nepal, and the Indian state of Tripura. They are one of India's largest scheduled tribes. Munda people in Tripura are also known as Mura. In the Kolhan region of Jharkhand the Munda people are often called Tamadia by other communities.
Odia literature is literature written in the Odia language, mostly from the Indian state of Odisha. The modern Odia language is mostly formed from Tadbhava words with significant Sanskrit (Tatsama) influences, along with loanwords from Desaja, English, Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu), Persian, and Arabic. Its earliest written texts date from around 1000 CE. The earliest Odia newspaper was Utkala Deepika, first published on August 4, 1866.
The Ho people are an Austroasiatic Munda ethnic group of India. They are mostly concentrated in the Kolhan region of Jharkhand and northern Odisha where they constitute around 10.7% and 7.3% of the total Scheduled Tribe population respectively, as of 2011. With a population of approximately 700,000 in the state in 2001, the Ho are the fourth most numerous Scheduled tribe in Jharkhand after the Santals, Kurukhs, and Mundas. Ho also inhabit adjacent areas in the neighbouring states of Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar bringing the total to 806,921 as of 2001. They also live in Bangladesh and Nepal.
Nuakhai is an agricultural festival mainly observed by people of Western Odisha in India. Nuakhai is observed to welcome the new rice of the season. According to the calendar it is observed on panchami tithi of the lunar fortnight of the month of Bhadrapada or Bhadraba (August–September), the day after the Ganesh Chaturthi festival. This is the most important social festival of Western Odisha and Chhattishgarh also adjoining areas of Simdega in Jharkhand, where the culture of Western Odisha is much predominant.
Odia cinema, also known as Ollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Odia language widely spoken in the state of Odisha. Odia Cinema is based in Cuttack in Odisha, India. The name Ollywood is a portmanteau of the words Odia and Hollywood.
Khandayat, also spelled Khandait, is a cultivating caste, as well as a peasant militia or landed militia caste from Odisha, East India. Some of them had earlier served as feudal chiefs as well as zamindars apart from being land holders and agriculturalists. Numerically they are the largest caste of the state. During British raj, they ruled many tributary states in Odisha, including Khordha.
Bhumij is a Munda ethnic group of India. They primarily live in the Indian states of West Bengal, Odisha, Assam and Jharkhand, mostly in the old Singhbhum district and also in states like Bihar and Assam. There is also a sizeable population found in Bangladesh. Bhumijas speak the Bhumij language, an Austroasiatic language, and use Ol Onal script for writing.
The Kosal state movement is an effort by people of the Western Odisha region of India to secede from the state of Odisha. Organizations like Western Odisha Yuva Manch (WOYM), Kosal Youth Coordination Committee (KYCC), Kosal State Coordination Committee (KSCC), Koshal Sena, Koshal Mukti Bahini and Koshal Mukti Morcha are mainly leading this.
Gangpur State, also known as Gangpore State, was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. Until 1905 it was one of the Chhota Nagpur States under the Eastern States Agency.
The Paika Rebellion, also known as the Paika Bidroha or Paik Rebellion. It was an early armed rebellion against Company rule in India in 1817. The Paikas rose in rebellion under their leader Bakshi Jagabandhu and projecting Lord Jagannath as the symbol of Odia unity, the rebellion quickly spread across most of Odisha before being put down by the Company's forces.
The beginning of the Eki Movement is generally attributed to the events at the Matrikund fair in Chittod. Here, a group of adivasis agreed to desist from paying taxes to jagirdars until the Maharana addressed the problems with the jagirdari system.
Kol uprising, also known in British records as the Kol mutiny was a revolt of the tribal Kol people of Chhota Nagpur that took place between 1831 and 1832. It was due to economic exploitation brought on by the systems of land tenure and administration that had been introduced by the East India Company. Tribal people of Chotanagpur including Mundas, Oraons, Hos and Bhumijs were called Kols. They initially plundered and killed Sikh and Muslims thikedars (contractors) who collected taxes by different means. Later they also started to plunder and kill Hindus of nearby villages and burn their houses. The insurgency was suppressed by killing of the leaders, their followers and arrest of many leaders by Thomas Wilkinson.
Madhab Singh Bariha or Madho Singh was the Binjhal Zamindar (landlord) of Ghess locality of Bargarh district in Odisha and was a close associate of Veer Surendra Sai in the Sambalpur uprising against the British East India Company. He was hanged to death at the age of 72 on 31 December 1858 at Jail Chowk of Sambalpur, after being caught in the same year for his ferocious and heroic resistance to the British takeover of the region with their appalling policies. Three out of his four valiant sons were martyred while the eldest was sentenced to life imprisonment. His granddaughter Purnima committed suicide after the British hanged her rebellious husband from the Sonakhan Zamindari at Raipur.
Nirmal Munda was an agrarian leader, a freedom fighter and a World War I veteran from the Munda tribe from Bartoli village in the former princely state of Gangpur. He was the leader of the Munda agitation of 1937–39, who organised the tribals of Gangpur to refuse to pay exorbitant taxes and demanded khuntkatti rights.
The Kharsawan massacre was a massacre of Adivasis by the Orissa Military Police in erstwhile Kharsawan State in the newly independent Dominion of India, in what is now Jharkhand, India.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Das, Sarita (2007). "Chapter IV - Freedom Movement in Sundargarh" (PDF). Emergence of political leadership in Sundargarh (Thesis). Sambalpur University.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mishra, Umakanta; Behari, Shibanarayan; Behera, Anam; Kumar Panda, Dr. Soroja; Mohanty, Bhagyashree; Pradhan, GC; Bhattacharya, Dr. Deepak; Mishra, Dr. Dadhibaman; R. Behera, Puspita; Singh, Brijesh Kumar; Rath, Rabi Sankar; Limma, Dr. Samuel; Jena, Chitta Ranjan (2019). "Tribal Freedom Fighters of Odisha" (PDF). The Odisha Historical Research Journal. LVIII. Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar: Dr. Jayanti Rath, Superintendent of Museum: 127.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Dr Taradatt. Odisha District Gazetteers Sundargarh (PDF) (Report). Gopabandhu Academy of Administration (Gazetteers Unit) General Administration Department Government of Odisha.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Das, Kailash Chandra (2018). "Simko Genocide A Testimony of Tribal Protest". ETribalTribune. The Tribal Tribune.
- 1 2 Mohanty, Subrat (27 April 2011). "When they braved bullets - Local residents pay homage to martyrs who lost their lives in the Amco-Simco massacre". Sambalpur.
'The Jalianwalabagh bloodbath has received wide recognition in the history but the Amco-Simco massacre has not got a proper place even in history books,' said Kujur. Ashok Pradhan, an intellectual and Sambalpur resident, said: 'Hundreds of people had died in this incident. It is unfortunate that sacrifice of these people is gradually being forgotten.'
- 1 2 3 Surjit Minj, Student (Interviewer) & Fabianus Ekka, Amko villager (Interviewee) (4 October 2021). Amko-Simko (Videotape) (in Sadri). Fr Albert Xess.
{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - 1 2 3 Jagran (25 April 2020). "सादगी के साथ याद किए गए आमको सिमको शहीद" [Aamko Simco martyrs remembered with simplicity] (in Hindi). Biramitrapur: Jagran.
- 1 2 Kullu, Ajit Kumar (20 August 2020). "Amko Simko A Khadia song on the Amko-Simko Massacre of Adivasis" (in English and Kharia) – via YouTube.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)[ dead YouTube link ] - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mishra, Kishore Chandra (2008). "Prajamandal Movements in the Feudatory States of Western Orissa". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 69. Indian History Congress: 548. JSTOR 44147218.
- 1 2 3 4 Srivastava, Mukesh Kumar (2013). "Mundari Khuntkatti: An Institution of Customary Right over Land". Mundari Khuntkatti. 13 (2). Oriental Anthropologists, Sage Publications Inc.: 267–280.
- ↑ Virottam, Balmukund (1969). The Nagbanshis & The Cheros. Munshi Ram Maanohar Lal, Delhi.
- ↑ Mahatab, Harekrushna (1972). ସାଧନାର ପଥେ[Sadhanara Pathe] (in Odia). Cuttack: Katak Shtudentas Shtora. p. 200. ASIN B0000E77XU.
- ↑ Stone tablets installed by local tribals in memory of Amko-Simko Massacre Image by Jagran Josh
- ↑ "Dhananjay Mohanty". Rourkelacity.
He had a role into bringing the Amko – Simko massacre (firing by Britishers to the gathering of the tribal peasants in the year 1939) to the lime light. He was the man who dared to bring this tragic matter the notice of Mahatma Gandhi while Mr. Gandhi was travelling to Kolkata (Calcutta) via Rourkela in train. Consequent upon this the Amko – Simko incident got national coverage.
- ↑ Flabianu Ekka (Correspondent, Amko-Simko Saheed Committee), Stephen Bilung (Member, Amko-Simko Saheed Committee) (13 November 2019). Tourist Spot Amko-Simko Lacks Facilities For Visitors (Television production) (in Odia). Amkco Simco Shaheed Smruti Pitha: Odisha TV.
