Chota Nagpur Tributary States

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Chota Nagpur Tributary States
Group of princely states of British India
1821–1947
Chota Nagpur States-IGI 2.jpg
Area 
 1881
41,580 km2 (16,050 sq mi)
Population 
 1881
678,002
History 
  Sanads issued to Chota Nagpur rulers
1821
1947
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg Agencies of British India
India Flag of India.svg
Today part of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha
Chota Nagpur States; group under the Chhattisgarh States Agency Chota Nagpur States-a.jpg
Chota Nagpur States; group under the Chhattisgarh States Agency
Chota Nagpur States; group under the Orissa States Agency Chota Nagpur States-b.jpg
Chota Nagpur States; group under the Orissa States Agency

The Chota Nagpur Tributary States [1] or Chota Nagpur States were a group of small, non-salute states (minor princely states) during the British Raj in India, located on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. British suzerainty over the states was exercised through the government of the Bengal Presidency.

Contents

These states were nine in number and became part of the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha following Indian Independence. [2]

History

In the 18th century, the states came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary states of British India as a result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars in the early 19th century.

In October 1905, the exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi-speaking states of Chang Bhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja, and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces, while the two Oriya-speaking state Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States, leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. [3]

In 1936, all nine states were transferred to the Eastern States Agency, the officials of which came under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any provinces.

After Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of these minor princely states all chose to accede to the Dominion of India. Changbhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja and Udaipur later became part of Madhya Pradesh state, Gangpur and Bonai part of Orissa state, and Kharsawan and Saraikela part of Bihar state. [4]

In November 2000, the new states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were separated from Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, respectively.

Princely States

The following princely states were collectively called 'Chhota Nagpur Tributary States' :

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chhattisgarh Division</span> Administrative division of the Central Provinces of British India

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Changbhakar State, also known as Chang Bhakar, was one of the small princely states of British Empire in India in the Chhattisgarh States Agency. It included 117 villages and had an area of 2,330 square kilometres (899 sq mi) with a 1941 population of 21,266 people. Bharatpur was the capital of the princely state.

The region have been inhabited since the Stone Age. Copper tools from the Chalcolithic period have been discovered. This area entered the Iron Age during the mid-2nd millennium BCE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saraikela State</span> Princely state of British India in modern-day Jharkhand

Saraikela State also spelt Seraikela, Saraikella or Seraikella, was a small princely state in India during the British Raj, in the region that is now the Jharkhand state. Its capital was at Saraikela.

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Kharsawan State, also spelt Kharsua or kharaswan, (Odia:ଖରସୁଆଁ)was a princely state in India during the British Raj. The state had a privy purse of 33,000 rupees. It was one of the Odia Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj and the major language spoken in the area is Odia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surguja State</span> Princely state of Central India

Surguja State was one of the main princely states of Central India during the period of the British Raj, even though it was not entitled to any gun salute. Formerly, it was placed under the Central India Agency, but in 1905 it was transferred to the Eastern States Agency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jashpur State</span>

Jashpur State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. The town of Jashpur was the former state's capital. The rulers were Rajputs of Chauhan Clan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rairakhol State</span> Princely state in the British Raj

Rairakhol State was a princely state during the British Raj in what is today India. It was one of the Chota Nagpur States and had its capital at Rairakhol (Redhakhol), located in the present-day Sambalpur district of Odisha. It had an area of 2,157 square kilometres (833 sq mi) and a population of 26,888 in 1901, the average revenue was Rs.55,000 in 1904.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern States Union</span>

The Eastern States Union was a short-lived (1947–48) union of princely states in newly independent India that gathered most of the princely states of the former Orissa Tributary States and Chhattisgarh States Agency in order to fill the vacuum of power created after the departure of the British and the wrapping up of the British Raj.

References

  1. Chota Nagpur Tributary States Gazetteer. Statistics, 1901-02
  2. A. K. Lal (ed.), Social Exclusion: Essays in Honour of Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Volume 1; p. 330
  3. Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India , Volume 12. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford
  4. Eastern States Agency. List of ruling chiefs & leading personages Delhi: Agent to Governor-General, Eastern States, 1936