Amphinomidae

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Amphinomidae
Temporal range: Carboniferous – Recent [1]
Bearded Fireworm (Small).jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Order: Amphinomida
Family: Amphinomidae

Amphinomidae, also known as the fireworms, bristle worms or sea mice, [2] are a family of marine polychaetes, many species of which bear chaetae mineralized with carbonate. [3] The best-known amphinomids are the fireworms, which can cause great pain if their toxin-coated chaetae are touched or trodden on. [4] Their relationship to other polychaete groups is somewhat poorly resolved. [4]

Contents

Complanine

Complanine is a quaternary ammonium salt that has been isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata . It causes an inflammatory effect upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes.

It was previously known that handling the fireworm caused it to release a chemical that induces inflammation of the skin of marine predators and mammals (including humans). Complanine was the first compound isolated from the fireworm which causes these effects. [5] [6] It is presumed that this compound's function is to deter predators of the fireworm.

Species

Chloeia flava Chloeia flava.jpg
Chloeia flava
Cryptonome conclava Cryptonome conclava - Journal.pone.0053590.g003-d.png
Cryptonome conclava
Eurythoe complanata Eurythoe complanata.jpg
Eurythoe complanata
Hermodice carunculata Hermodice carunculata (Bearded Fireworm).jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Hermodice carunculata Puz u moru 3.jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Notopygos ornata Notopygos ornata - ZooKeys-223-069-g005-bottom.jpeg
Notopygos ornata
Paramphinome jeffreysii Paramphinome jeffreysii.jpg
Paramphinome jeffreysii
Pherecardia striata Pherecardia striata.JPG
Pherecardia striata

Most genera in Amphinomidae are divided into two subfamilies: Amphinominae, and Archinominae. [7] [a]

Amphinominae Lamarck, 1818

Archinominae Kudenov, 1991

Subfamily not assigned

Notes

  1. ↑ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References

  1. ↑ Pleijel, F.; Rouse, G. W.; Vannier, J. (2004). "Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology". Invertebrate Systematics. 18 (6): 693. doi:10.1071/IS04003.
  2. ↑ P. Gopalakrishnakone; National University of Singapore. Venom & Toxin Research Group (1990). A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. NUS Press. p. 99. ISBN   978-9971-69-150-9.
  3. ↑ Barroso, R. M.; Paiva, P. C. (2010). "A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 91 (2): 419. doi:10.1017/S0025315410001499. S2CID   87982759.
  4. 1 2 Wiklund, H.; Nygren, A.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 88 (3): 509–513. Bibcode:2008JMBUK..88..509W. doi:10.1017/S0025315408000982. S2CID   84732410.
  5. ↑ Kazuhiko Nakamura; Yu Tachikawa; Makoto Kitamura; Osamu Ohno; Masami Suganuma; Daisuke Uemura (2008). "Complanine, an inflammation-inducing substance isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata". Org. Biomol. Chem. 6 (12): 2058–2060. doi:10.1039/b803107j. PMID   18528565.
  6. ↑ Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Tachikawa, Yu; Uemura, Daisuke (2009). "(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 5: 12. doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.12. PMC   2686394 . PMID   19478919.
  7. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818".
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