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Apamea rubrirena | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
Family: | Noctuidae |
Genus: | Apamea |
Species: | A. rubrirena |
Binomial name | |
Apamea rubrirena (Treitschke, 1825) | |
Synonyms [1] [2] | |
List
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Apamea rubrirena is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
This species is present from northern and western Europe, [3] east through Russia and Asia to Japan and Korea. [1] It is also present on the Kuril Islands, the Aleutian Islands [4] and has been reported from Alaska for the first time in 1989. [5]
These moths colonize montane to subalpine coniferous forests, at an elevation up to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) above sea level. [6] In Europe they especially occur in the Alps and in lower mountains, while in Russia they can be found in the taiga. [4]
Apamea rubrirena has a wingspan of 40–51 mm. [7] These moths are extraordinarily variable in terms of color, wing shape and size. They usually have head and thorax black-brown, with some white hairs and a meta-thopracic rufous crest. The basic color of the forewings vary from pale orange to reddish brown or blackish brown, with reniform rufous patches and transversal indistinct or whitish wavy lines. The hind wings are monochrome, light gray-brown, with the veins clearly protruding. Tarsi are black with whitish rings. [8]
The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in May or June of the following year. Adults are on wing from fly from mid or late June to August and sometimes September in favourable conditions. There is one generation per year meaning it is a univoltine species. [4] [6]
The larvae feed on a various grasses, including Festuca altissima and Calamagrostis arundinacea . [4] [6] Adults are nocturnal and have been found taking nectar from Rubus , Cirsium oleraceum , Silene vulgaris and Phyteuma . [9]
Apamea monoglypha, the dark arches, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is a common, sometimes abundant, European species. It is found in most of Europe except northernmost Fennoscandia and the southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Greece. The species is also found in Anatolia, Turkestan, Western Asia and Central Asia, Siberia and Mongolia. In the Alps it is found up to heights of 2,500 meters. The smaller subspecies sardoa is found on Sardinia and Corsica.
Apamea crenata, known as the clouded-bordered brindle, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout the Palearctic realm. In the North it crosses the Arctic Circle, in the Mediterranean it is found only in cool locations and mountains avoiding very hot areas. In the Alps, it rises to an altitude of about 2000 metres.
Apamea remissa, the dusky brocade, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe and Turkey, ranging across the Palearctic realm to Siberia, Manchuria and Japan. It has also been reported from Alaska.
Apamea sordens, the rustic shoulder-knot or bordered apamea, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is distributed throughout Europe, east across the Palearctic to Central Asia and to China and Japan. It also occurs in North America.
Agrotis ripae, the sand dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in western Europe and North Africa and extends east across the Palearctic to steppe areas in Russia, Mongolia and Siberia.
Apamea unanimis, the small clouded brindle, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1813. It is native to Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and western Siberia. It has been introduced in North America and can now be found in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
Apamea scolopacina, the slender brindle, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1788. It is found across the Palearctic realm from central Europe to the Kuril Islands northeast of Japan.
Apopestes spectrum is a species of moth in the family Erebidae first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787.
Agrotis trux, the crescent dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1824. It has a circum-Mediterranean distribution and is found along the coasts of France, Ireland, England, southern Europe, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Iran, southern Russia and the Arabian Peninsula. In Africa, it is found as far south as South Africa.
Apamea oblonga, the crescent striped, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1809. It is found in northern and central Europe, east to southern Russia, Asia Minor, Armenia, Turkestan, Turkey, Iran, southern Siberia, northern Pakistan, Mongolia, China, Sakhalin and Japan
Celaena haworthii, or Haworth's minor, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by John Curtis in 1829. It is found from the British Isles and France through northern Europe including Scandinavia, east to the Urals and across the Palearctic to Siberia and up to the Pacific Ocean.
Apamea sublustris, the reddish light arches, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1788. It is found in central and southern Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus.
Apamea furva, the confused, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found throughout Europe. In southwestern Europe it is primarily montane. It is found as far north as the Arctic Circle. From Europe its range extends to Siberia, Turkey, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Xinjiang in China.
Apamea anceps, the large nutmeg, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
Cucullia xeranthemi is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. In southern Europe, it is found locally from northern Spain, Italy and southern France to the Balkans. In the east, it is found from Lower Austria and Hungary to southern Russia and western Siberia.
Athetis hospes, or Porter's rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae which was described by Christian Friedrich Freyer in 1835. It is found in Spain, southern France, Italy, on the Balkan Peninsula, Crete, Turkey and northern Iran. The species seems to be expanding its range in north-western Europe with records from Great Britain and the Netherlands.
Ichneutica oliveri is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to New Zealand, found only in the South Island. However it has not been observed on the eastern side of that island from mid-Canterbury southwards to Southland. This species is distinctive and is unlikely to be confused with other closely related species. It inhabits tussock grasslands, shrubland as well as granite sand plains, all in the alpine zone. Adults are on the wing from December to March and are attracted to light. They have been observed feeding on the flowers of Hebe species. The life history of this species is unknown as are the larval hosts.
Mniotype adusta, the dark brocade, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It was described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1790. It is found throughout much of the Palearctic from Europe to Japan, China and Mongolia. It is also found in North America. The habitat consists of heathland, chalky downland, fenland, moorland and upland areas.
Protorthodes rufula, the rufous Quaker moth, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. It is found in western North America along the Pacific Coast, and the coastal mountain ranges from northern Washington to southern California.
Hoplodrina superstes, also known as the powdered rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae, first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. It is found in Asia and Europe.