Ariyalur Group

Last updated
Ariyalaur Group
Stratigraphic range: Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene (Paleocene) (Campanian to Danian)
~82–65.5  Ma
Type Geological group
Sub-units Sillakkudi formation, Kallakurichi Formation, Ottakovil formation, Kallamedu Formation
Underlies Niniyur Formation
Overlies Anaipadi Formation, Trichinopoly Group
Location
Country India
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Ariyalur Group (India)
India Tamil Nadu location map.svg
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Ariyalur Group (Tamil Nadu)

The Ariyalaur Group is a geological group in Tamil Nadu in Southern India. [1] [2]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Dinosaurs from the Ariyalaur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesMemberImages
Abelisauridae indet. [3] "Disassociated remains" and teeth.Kallamedu formation
Carnosauria indet.? [4] "Fragmentary remains".Carnosauria was often used as a wastebasket taxon.Kallamedu formation
Troodontidae indet. [3] One isolated tooth (DUGF/52).Kallamedu formation
Bruhathkayosaurus [4] [5] B. matleyiilium and ischium, femur, tibia, radius and part of a vertebra (specifically a platycoelous caudal centrum). Remains no longer exist.Initially described as a Theropod, it was reclassified as a Titanosaur.Kallamedu formation
Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi updated.png
Sauropoda Indeterminate. [6] [7] "Fragmentary remains".Kallamedu formation
Titanosauria Indeterminate. [8] Solitary egg.Kallamedu formation
Titanosauria Indeterminate. [9] Ten large sauropod bones, some of which could be identified as a humerus or femur, proximal end of a femur and scapula. All the bones pertain to the limbs.Similar in size to Bruhathkayosaurus. [5] Kallamedu formation
Fusioolithus [8] F. baghensis Dinosaur eggs.Kallamedu formation
?Camarasauridae [10] Indeterminate.Vertebrae.Camarasaurids are not known from the cretaceous.Kallamedu formation
 ?Stegosauria [11] Indeterminate.Misinterpreted sauropod bone.Other more plausible Stegosaur material is known from Cretaceous India.Kallamedu formation
Sauropoda Sauropoda indet. [5] "Scant remains".
Stegosauria Stegosauria indet. [5]
Theropoda Theropoda indet. [5] "Scant remains".
Theropoda [12] indet.A Theropod.Kallankurichchi formation
 ? Titanosaurus [12] T. indicusA dubious genus of titanosaurian sauropod.Kallakurichi Formation
Titanosaurus Titanosaurus.jpg
Titanosaurus
Megaloolithus [13] M. cylindricusFossilised eggs.A Sauropod Oogenus.Kallakurichi Formation
Sanajeh fossil Sanajeh fossil.png
Sanajeh fossil

The holotype of Sanajeh preserved with Megaloolithus

Stegosauridae [12] Stegosauridae indetA Stegosaurid.Kallakurichi Formation
Molluscs from the Ariyalaur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesMemberImages
Inoceramus [5] I. sp.Sillakkudi formation
Inocerame (Inoceramus cycloides colossus), exposition Un T-Rex a Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle.jpg
Karapadites [5] K. karapadenseSillakkudi formation
Inoceramus [14] I. bulbusA clam.Kallakurichi formation
I. tamulicusKallakurichi formation
Pycnodonta [14] P. vesicularisA clam.Kallakurichi formation
Ostrea (Alectryonia) [14] sp.A clam.Kallakurichi formation
Ostrea edulis 07.jpg
Anisomyon [14] A. indicusA snail.Kallakurichi formation
Report of the United States Geological Survey of the territories (1876) (14783910965).jpg
Foraminiferas from the Ariyalaur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Globotruncana G. arca [5] Sillakkudi formation
Globotruncana stuarti et G. lapparenti.jpg
G. ventricosa [5] Sillakkudi formation
G. elevata [5] Sillakkudi formation
Sea Urchins from the Ariyalaur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialMemberNotesImages
Hemipneustes H. compressus [15] Kallakurichi Formation
Holasteridae - Hemipneustes oculatus.JPG
Rhynchonellatans from the Ariyalaur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesMemberImages
Rectithyris R. subdepressa [14] Kallakurichi Formation
Rhynchonella R. sp. [14] Kallakurichi Formation
Rhynchonella sp.4 - Jurasico.JPG
Brachiopods from the Ariyalaur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesMemberImages
Gyrodina G. globosa [14] Kallakurichi Formation
Neobulimina N. sp. [14] Kallakurichi Formation
Arthropods from the Ariyalur group
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesMemberImages
Thalassinoides T. sp. [5] An ichnofossil made by decapod crustaceans, or fish Ottakovil Formation
Hermann Krone - Spurenfossil Thalassanoides aus der sachsischen Kreide (1871).jpg
Ophiomorpha O. sp. [5] Made by burrowing arthropodsOttakovil Formation
Ophiomorpha from Cerro Ballena.png

References

  1. Bakkiaraj, D.; Nagendra, R.; Nagarajan, R.; Armstrong-Altrin, John S. (2010). "Geochemistry of sandstones from the Upper Cretaceous Sillakkudi Formation, Cauvery Basin, southern India: Implication for provenance". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 76 (5): 453–467. Bibcode:2010JGSI...76..453B. doi:10.1007/s12594-010-0128-3. hdl: 20.500.11937/18718 . ISSN   0016-7622.
  2. Banerji, Ranjit K. (1966-06-01). "The Genus Globotruncana and Biostratigraphy of the Lower Ariyalur Stage (upper Cretaceous) of Vridhachalam, South India" . Journal of the Geological Society of India. 7 (1): 51–69. doi:10.17491/jgsi/1966/070111. ISSN   0974-6889.
  3. 1 2 Goswami, A.; Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Flynn, J. J.; Benson, R. B. J. (2013). "A troodontid dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of India". Nature Communications. 4: 1703. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1703G. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2716 . PMID   23591870.
  4. 1 2 Yadagiri, P. and Ayyasami, K. (1987). "A carnosaurian dinosaur from the Kallamedu Formation (Maestrichtian horizon), Tamilnadu." In M.V.A. Sastry, V.V. Sastry, C.G.K. Ramanujam, H.M. Kapoor, B.R. Jagannatha Rao, P.P. Satsangi, and U.B. Mathur (eds.), Three Decades of Development in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in India. Volume 1. Precambrian to Mesozoic. Geological Society of India Special Publication, 11(1): 523–528.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pal, Saurabh; Ayyasami, Krishnan (May 2022). "The lost titan of Cauvery" . Geology Today. 38 (3): 112–116. Bibcode:2022GeolT..38..112P. doi:10.1111/gto.12390. ISSN   0266-6979.
  6. R. Lydekker. (1877). Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary and Secondary rocks. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10(1):30–43
  7. C. R. Narayana Rao and L. Rama Rao. 1930. The limb bones of a sauropodous dinosaur. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Allahabad17:330.
  8. 1 2 Dhiman, Harsha; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Goswami, Anjali (2018). "Parataxonomy and palaeobiogeographic significance of dinosaur eggshell fragments from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Cauvery Basin, South India". Historical Biology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1450408. S2CID   89969203.
  9. Matley, 1929. "The Cretaceous Dinosaurs of the Trichinopoly district and the rocks associated with them". Records of the Geological Survey of India. Vol. 61 (4):337-349.
  10. C. R. Narayana Rao and L. Rama Rao. 1930. Some dinosaurian vertebrae. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Allahabad17:329.
  11. Peter M. Galton; Krishnan Ayyasami (2017). "Purported latest bone of a plated dinosaur (Ornithischia: Stegosauria), a "dermal plate" from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 285 (1): 91–96. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0671.
  12. 1 2 3 Weishampel, et al. (2004). The Dinosauria. Second Edition. p. 680.
  13. Kohring et al., 1996[ incomplete short citation ]
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ayyasami, 1989[ incomplete short citation ]
  15. Aziz & Badve, 1990[ incomplete short citation ]