Arnica mollis | |
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Arnica mollis in Henry M. Jackson Wilderness | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Arnica |
Species: | A. mollis |
Binomial name | |
Arnica mollis | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Synonymy
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Arnica mollis, the soft arnica or hairy arnica, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and the territories) and the United States (Alaska south to Tulare County, California, and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico). There may be a disjunct population of this species in Coös County, New Hampshire. The species grows in subalpine mountain habitat such as meadows and streambanks.
Arnica mollis is a perennial herb producing one or more hairy, glandular, mostly naked stems 15 to 70 centimeters tall. There are 2 to 4 pairs of leaves along mainly the lower half of the stem, each oblong in shape and 4 to 20 centimeters in length. [3]
The inflorescence holds one to seven daisylike flower heads with 10–22 ray florets and yellow disc florets. The fruit is an cypselae with a brownish pappus. [3]
Arnica mollis is found in sections of Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, Nunavut, Yukon, Northwest Territories) [4] and the western United States south to Tulare County, California, [5] and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. [6] There may be a small disjunct population of the species in Coös County, New Hampshire. [6] [1]
According to the Flora of North America, plants of this species typically grow in wet meadows, conifer forests, stream banks and areas with melting snow at elevations of 1,000–4,000 m (3,300–13,100 ft) above sea level. [3]
As of December 2024 [update] , the conservation group NatureServe listed Arnica mollis as Secure (G5) worldwide. This status was last reviewed on 13 May 2016. At the state and provincial levels, the species is listed as Apparently Secure (S4) in Montana; Vulnerable (S3) in Nevada and Alberta; Possibly Extirpated in the Northwest Territories; and No Status Rank (not assessed) across the rest of the species' range. [1]
Arnica mollis was first formally named and described by William Jackson Hooker in 1834 in the Flora Boreali-Americana publication. [7]
The specific epithet mollis means "soft", referring to the soft hairs on the leaves. In English, this species is known by the common names soft arnica, [8] : 113 and hairy arnica. [3]
Arnica is a genus of perennial, herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The genus name Arnica may be derived from the Greek arni, "lamb", in reference to the plants' soft, hairy leaves. Arnica is also known by the names mountain tobacco and, confusingly, leopard's bane and wolfsbane—two names that it shares with the entirely unrelated genus Aconitum.
Erigeron peregrinus is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name wandering fleabane.
Hieracium scouleri, known as Scouler's woollyweed, is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to western North America, from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada, and south to northern California and Utah in the United States.
Arnica parryi is a North American species of flowering plant known by the common names Parry's arnica or nodding arnica. It is native to western Canada and the western United States as far south as Inyo County, California and McKinley County, New Mexico. It grows in temperate coniferous forests and alpine meadows in mountainous areas, primarily the Rocky Mountains, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada.
Antennaria corymbosa is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common names flat-top pussytoes or meadow pussytoes. It is native to western Canada and the Western United States south as far as Tulare County in California and Rio Arriba County in New Mexico. It grows in moist, cool areas such as mountain meadows and riverbanks. Most of the populations are found in the Rocky Mountains, the Cascades, and the Sierra Nevada.
Arnica cernua is a species of arnica known by the common name serpentine arnica. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon, where it is a member of the serpentine soils flora.
Arnica cordifolia is a species of arnica in the sunflower family, known by the common name heartleaf arnica. It is native to western North America.
Arnica discoidea is a North American species of arnica in the sunflower family. It is known by the common name rayless arnica because its flower heads have disc florets but none of the showier ray florets. It is native to the woodlands, forests, and chaparral of the western United States (Washington, Oregon, California, and western Nevada.
Arnica fulgens is a species of arnica known by the common names foothill arnica and hillside arnica. It is native to western North America, from British Columbia east to Saskatchewan and south as far as Inyo County, California, and McKinley County, New Mexico. It grows in open, grassy areas.
Arnica latifolia is a species of arnica in the sunflower family, known by the common names broadleaf arnica, broad leaved arnica, mountain arnica, and daffodil leopardbane. It is native to western North America from Alaska east to Northwest Territories and south to Mono County, California, and Taos County, New Mexico. It grows in mountain habitat such as forest and meadows.
Arnica nevadensis is a North American species of arnica in the sunflower family, known by the common names Nevada arnica and Sierra arnica. It is native to the coniferous forests of the western United States, primarily the Cascades and Sierra Nevada.
Arnica sororia is a North American species of flowering plant known by the common name twin arnica. It is native to Western Canada and the Western United States. It grows in grasslands and in conifer forests, as well as the sagebrush steppe.
Arnica spathulata is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name Klamath arnica. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. It grows in woodland habitat, almost exclusively on serpentine soils.
Arnica venosa is a rare California species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Shasta County arnica. It should not be confused with the Mt. Shasta arnica, A. viscosa.
Arnica viscosa is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name Mount Shasta arnica.
Symphyotrichum campestre is a species of flowering plant of the family Asteraceae commonly known as western meadow aster. It is native to much of western North America where it grows in many habitats, generally at some elevation.
Brickellia grandiflora, known by the common name tasselflower brickellbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
Calycadenia mollis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name soft western rosinweed. It is native to a section of central California, from Tuolumne County do northern Tulare County. There are also isolated populations farther north in Nevada County. The plant grows in a number of habitat types in the Central Valley and adjacent Sierra Nevada foothills.
Arnica dealbata is a species of Californian plants in the tarweed tribe within the aster family
Arnica lanceolata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name clasping arnica or lanceleaf arnica. It has a disjunct (discontinuous) distribution in western North America and northeastern North America.