Australia–Cambodia relations

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Australia–Cambodia relations
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Cambodia
Envoy
Ambassador Pablo KangAmbassador Koy Kuong

Australia entered into diplomatic relations with Cambodia in 1952. [1] In 1955, the first Australian legation was opened in Phnom Penh, with the Australian minister to Cambodia previously working out of Saigon, modern day Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [2] The Cambodian Embassy to Australia is located in the nation's capital, Canberra. [3]

Contents

Prior to the beginning of diplomatic relations, The Colombo plan, was the first instance in which the two countries were engaged with one another. [4] The Vietnamese War and Cambodia's forced involvement in it led to considerable efforts on behalf of Australia and their diplomats in aiding in the countries reunification and delivery of justice to those involved in the genocides of 1975-1979. [5] [6] Australia had a large role in the works of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), a United Nations peace-keeping body set up in Cambodia in 1991. [5] Additionally, Australia continues to fund the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), a court system with the sole purpose of bringing justice to those responsible for committing crimes against humanity during Pol Pot's reign of Cambodia. [7] An agreement between the two countries in 2014 has meant that Cambodia is currently accepting a number of Australia's refugees housed within the Nauru Regional Processing Centre. [8] Meanwhile, as both countries belong to the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement, trade between Cambodia and Australia has been growing rapidly with Australia listed as Cambodia's 18th most important trade nation. [1] [9] Furthermore, both countries are working closely to combat people smuggling, human trafficking, child sex tourism, narcotics trafficking, and terrorism. [1]

Country comparison

Common nameFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
Official nameCommonwealth of AustraliaKingdom of Cambodia
Coat of Arms Coat of Arms of Australia.svg Royal arms of Cambodia.svg
Flag Flag of Australia (converted).svg Flag of Cambodia.svg
Population27,475,500 [10] 16,718,971 [11]
Area7,692,024 km2 (2,969,907 sq mi)181,035 km2 (69,898 sq mi)
Population density3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi)87/km2 (230/sq mi)
Capital city Canberra Phnom Penh
Largest city Sydney Phnom Penh
Government Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy Unitary dominant-party parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese Hun Sen
Official language(s) English ( de facto ) Khmer
GDP (nominal) US$1,376 billion [12] US$27 billion [13]
GDP (nominal) per capita US$53,825 [12] US$1,614 [13]
GDP (PPP) US$1,137 billion [12] US$77 billion [13]
GDP (PPP) per capita US$55,899 [12] US$4,645 [13]

History

Colombo Plan

New Colombo Plan Students in Singapore New Colombo Plan students on a study tour to Singapore (15271998804).jpg
New Colombo Plan Students in Singapore

Launched in 1951, The Colombo Plan was one of Australia's first non-war-related efforts of connecting with South-East Asian nations. The Colombo Plan is an initiative in which developed countries like Australia and the US have looked to strengthen their relations with South-East Asian and Pacific Nations by providing them with opportunities for both social and economic development. [4] While the program's signatories each made various contributions, one of Australia's more notable contributions was the provision of education and training to participants in the program. They have provided scholarships and allowed members to participate actively in their own fields of study in Australia in order to provide them with an opportunity to expand and sharpen their skill sets before returning home. Over the first 30 years, 20,000 students were given this opportunity with a number of these students originating from Cambodia. [4] Australian Colombo representatives were also responsible for the running of a municipal vehicle and machinery workshop in Cambodia's capital, Phnom Penh. [14] As of December 2021, the Colombo Plan is still active, however Australia has now also produced a new initiative called the New Colombo Plan which seeks to support Australian undergraduate students in studying and completing internships in Indo-Pacific nations such as Cambodia. [15]

Vietnamese War

Prior to the breakout of the Vietnam War into Cambodia, Australian diplomats had claimed it would be in Australia's best interests to ensure that Cambodia maintained its neutral standing as they were concerned by the potential influence the Chinese Government would hold over Cambodia if they were brought into the conflict. [16]

In May 1970 US and South Vietnamese Troops entered Cambodia in an attempt to gain an advantage over the North Vietnamese by capturing enemy resources, destroying bunkers, and killing enemy soldiers. [17] Due to this military ploy the Khmer Rouge's influence grew stronger as the Cambodian people did not look fondly on their forced involvement in Vietnam's war. In turn, this caused the weakening of the Cambodian Government, allowing the Khmer Rouge to impose themselves over the Cambodian people. Furthermore, US President Richard Nixon made the decision to bomb areas of Cambodia in order to halt Northern Vietnamese efforts. [16] These events contributed to a destruction of Cambodian neutrality, and an eventual hiatus of diplomatic relations between Australia and Cambodia as all Australian diplomats were withdrawn from the country. [16] [17]

Bilateral relations between the two nations resumed again in 1991 after both Pol Pot's regime and the ten-year Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia that followed had concluded. [16]

The Moratorium Marches

The Moratorium Marches of 1970 were a result of Cambodia's forced inclusion in the War. [17] With more than 200,000 Australians protesting in the war in Vietnam, these protests were, at the time, the largest public demonstrations to ever occur in Australia. [18] Displeasure towards the war continued until 1974, and demonstrative efforts at that time were mainly found on university campuses across the country. [19] These protests were not limited to Australia, with people all across the world expressing their displeasure towards the events of the Vietnam War. [20]

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)

The UNTAC Logo Emblem of Cambodia (1992-1993).svg
The UNTAC Logo

In the 1990s Australia played a key role in developing and implementing the successful policies that came as a result of the Paris Peace Accords in 1991. [5] The Paris Accords took place to mark the end of the war between Vietnam and Cambodia and resulted in the creation of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC).  The UNTAC was a UN peace-keeping body that looked to not only monitor but assume responsibility for conflict-management in Cambodia. [5] One of UNTAC's key roles was to overlook the successful running of the 1994 elections in Cambodia, and because of their work a new Cambodian Royal government was able to be formed. [5] Australia sent more than 500 personnel to assist in UNTAC operations. They also provided A$92 million in aid over a four-year period (1994-1998) following the appointment of the new government. [5]

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)

Australia have also provided support to Cambodia through the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. The ECCC is a court system in Cambodia that's purpose is to bring to justice those who were responsible for the crimes and genocide committed by the Khmer Rouge. [6] In 2012, Australia had contributed more than AUD$18 million to the court and was considered the second largest contributor to the ECCC. [7] Australia have also provided funding to support public outreach campaigns and is an active member of the Principal Donors Group in New York and 'Friends of the ECCC' group in Phnom Penh. The first Cambodian and international judges (including Australian Rowan Downing) and prosecutors were sworn in on July 3, 2006. [21] Between 2004 and 2020 the ECCC have reportedly received AUD$40.05 in contributions from Australia. [1]

Migration

After the Vietnamese overthrowing of the Khmer Rouge in 1978 numerous Cambodians moved to Australia in search of a better life. Over the next 10 years, an even larger number of Cambodians crossed over either as refugees or migrants, looking to be reunited with family members who had come earlier. [22] As of June 2009, there were close to 26,000 people of Khmer ancestry and 10,000 of Chinese-Cambodian ancestry living in Australia, with 60% of those living in Sydney found in the Fairfield local government area. More recently, the 2016 Australian Census reported 66,000 people of Cambodian Ancestry living across the country. [23] Meanwhile, in 2021 there are between 6000-7000 Australians currently living in Cambodia. [23]

2014 Refugee Resettlement Agreement

The 2014 Refugee Resettlement Agreement deal consisted of the Australian Government paying Cambodia AU$40 million, and in exchange, Cambodia agreed to accept some of Australia's rejected asylum seekers. [8]  The Australian Immigration Minister at the time, Scott Morrison, in a statement to the press, said 'only genuine refugees' housed in Nauru's processing centre would pertain to the deal. [8] This was also written in as part of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). [24] There is no cap on the number of refugees that can be sent over to Cambodia, the MOU states that the volume of refugees, along with the timing of their arrival, is subject to consent provided by Cambodian officials. [24] The deal was signed in Phnom Penh by both Scott Morrison and Cambodian Interior Minister Sar Kheng. [8]

The deal sparked criticisms from rights group such as Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, and the UNHCR. [25] Cambodians, including Buddhist monks, protested in front of the Australian embassy against the deal citing that Cambodia "can't even look after its own", pointing to poverty and human rights concerns in Cambodia. [26]

COVID-19 pandemic

According to The Sydney Morning Herald, the Australian Government committed to providing 60 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to nations in South-East Asia and the Pacific by year's end in 2022. [27] In November 2021, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen questioned Australia's deliverance on their pledge of 2 million vaccinations to his country claiming that if they did not deliver on their promise, he would be buying the vaccines directly from China. Two months earlier, Phnom Penh was reported as the “world's most vaccinated capital city”. [28] This was due largely to the country's reliance on Chinese vaccinations. [28] Hun Sen's urgency came due to the desire to meet the country's overall vaccination targets, while Australia's embassy in Phnom Penh were unable to provide an answer to the Prime Minister's request. [27] As of November 2021, Australia had donated close to 10% of their 60 million promised vaccinations, with Indonesia, Vietnam and Fiji receiving 2.2, 1.52 and 0.97 million vaccinations respectively. [27]

Trade and Business

Countries in ASEAN free trade agreement. Trade Arrangements in Southeast Asia.jpg
Countries in ASEAN free trade agreement.

The trade relationship between Australia and Cambodia is growing rapidly. In 2020, total two-way trade between the two was valued at AUD$432 million, which was a 21.6% increase on the year before. [1] Australian total goods exports to Cambodia in 2020 also saw a 43% increase on the year prior. [1] In both directions of trade, Australia ranks at 18th on the list of Cambodia's most important trade partners. [9] Cambodia's main exports to Australia are of textile clothing and footwear while their Australian imports consists largely of wheat and cereal preparations. [9]

As of 2010, both countries are a part of the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand free trade agreement which allows for "extensive tariff reduction and greater certainty for services suppliers and investors" to its participating nations. [29] Other nations that have signed onto to the agreement include Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar. [30]

The Australian Chamber of Commerce (Auscham) is an organisation within Cambodia that was established in 1995, its core aim is to represent Australian businesses and business people in Cambodia. [31] They do so by creating a network between Australian and Cambodian businesses with an interest of projecting a positive image of Australia in Cambodia. [32] The organisations three main goals are to focus on the needs of their members, to help build relationships and connect people, and to create a lasting community. [32]

Sport

Further relations between the two nations can be seen through sporting club affiliations and organisations set up in Cambodia. The Cambodian Eagles are an Australian Rules Football Club (AFL) based in Cambodia with players and supporters of the club extending from Australia, the US, and the UK, amongst other nations. [33] Previously named the 'Cambodian Cobras', the club changed names and begun its affiliation with the West Coast Eagles, an Australian-based AFL club, following the West Coast Eagle's visit to Phnom Penh in 2011. [33] This ongoing relationship has allowed for the Cambodian Eagles to gain sponsorship through the Australian club and compete in various Asian Championships. [33]

Additionally, Happy Football Cambodia Australia (HFCA) is an organisation that was set up in 2005 with the aspiration to support the disadvantaged youth of Cambodia. [34] Scott Neeson, the founder of HFCA, outlines his view of the organisation stating:

"HFCA is a terrific organisation and we're very proud of our association. It gives otherwise neglected youth a sense of self-esteem, competition and the value of teamwork. Those able to make the Homeless World Cup team are given a world perspective they could never otherwise imagine. In terms of return on investment, it's one of the best in Cambodia." [34]

HFCA teaches the young and disadvantaged about football whilst providing them with opportunities to improve their living conditions and their futures. [35]

Related Research Articles

The history of Cambodia, a country in mainland Southeast Asia, can be traced back to Indian civilization. Detailed records of a political structure on the territory of what is now Cambodia first appear in Chinese annals in reference to Funan, a polity that encompassed the southernmost part of the Indochinese peninsula during the 1st to 6th centuries. Centered at the lower Mekong, Funan is noted as the oldest regional Hindu culture, which suggests prolonged socio-economic interaction with maritime trading partners of the Indosphere in the west. By the 6th century a civilization, called Chenla or Zhenla in Chinese annals, firmly replaced Funan, as it controlled larger, more undulating areas of Indochina and maintained more than a singular centre of power.

The Cambodian government has diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, including China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, and Thailand. The government is a member of most major international organizations, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The government is an Asian Development Bank (ADB) member, a member of ASEAN, and of the WTO. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The government is also a member of the Pacific Alliance and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khmer Rouge</span> Members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (Cambodia)

The Khmer Rouge is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. The name was coined in the 1960s by then Chief of State Norodom Sihanouk to describe his country's heterogeneous, communist-led dissidents, with whom he allied after the 1970 Cambodian coup d'état.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phnom Penh</span> Capital of Cambodia

Phnom Penh is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become the nation's primate city and its economic, industrial, and cultural centre. Before Phnom Penh became capital city, Oudong was the capital of the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norodom Sihanouk</span> King & the 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia

Norodom Sihanouk was a member of the Cambodian royal house who led the country as King and Prime Minister. In Cambodia, he is known as Samdech Euv. During his lifetime, Cambodia was under various regimes, from French colonial rule, a Japanese puppet state (1945), an independent kingdom (1953–1970), a military republic (1970–1975), the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), a Vietnamese-backed communist regime (1979–1989), a transitional communist regime (1989–1993) to eventually another kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodia</span> Country in Southeast Asia

Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia. It borders Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand in the southwest. It spans an area of 181,035 square kilometres, and has a population of about 17 million. Its capital and most populous city is Phnom Penh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hun Sen</span> 30th Prime Minister of Cambodia

Samdech Hun Sen is a Cambodian politician, and former army general who currently serves as the president of the Senate. He previously served as the prime minister of Cambodia from 1985 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2023. Hun Sen is the longest-serving head of government in Cambodia's history. He is the president of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), which has governed Cambodia since 1979, and has served as a member of the Senate since 2024. His full honorary title is Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</span> 1977–1991 conflict

The Cambodian–Vietnamese War was an armed conflict between Democratic Kampuchea, controlled by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The war began with repeated attacks by the Kampuchea Revolutionary Army on the southwestern border of Vietnam, particularly the Ba Chúc massacre which resulted in the deaths of over 3,000 Vietnamese civilians. On 23 December 1978, 10 out of 19 of the Khmer Rouge's military divisions opened fire along the border with Vietnam with the goal of invading the Vietnamese provinces of Đồng Tháp, An Giang and Kiên Giang. On 25 December 1978, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of Kampuchea, occupying the country in two weeks and removing the government of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from power. In doing so, Vietnam put an ultimate stop to the Cambodian genocide, which had most likely killed between 1.2 million and 2.8 million people — or between 13 and 30 percent of the country’s population. On 7 January 1979, the Vietnamese captured Phnom Penh, which forced Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge to retreat back into the jungle near the border with Thailand.

FCU – UNTAC, the Force Communications Unit UNTAC, was the Australian component of the UNTAC mission in Cambodia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Republic of Kampuchea</span> Cambodian communist regime (1979–1989)

The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) was a partially recognised state in Southeast Asia which existed from 1979 to 1989. It was a satellite state of Vietnam, founded in Cambodia by the Vietnamese-backed Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation, a group of Cambodian communists who were dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge due to its oppressive rule and defected from it after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government. Brought about by an invasion from Vietnam, which routed the Khmer Rouge armies, it had Vietnam and the Soviet Union as its main allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vietnamese Cambodians</span> Ethnic Vietnamese people in Cambodia

Vietnamese Cambodians refers to ethnic group of Vietnamese who live in Cambodia or it refers to Vietnamese who are of full or partial Khmer descent. According to Cambodian sources, in 2013, about 15,000 Vietnamese people live in Cambodia. A Vietnamese source stated that 156,000 people live in Cambodia, while the actual number could be somewhere between 400,000 and one million people, according to independent scholars. They mostly reside in southeastern parts of Cambodia bordering Vietnam or on houseboats in the Tonlé Sap lake and Mekong rivers. The first Vietnamese came to settle modern-day Cambodia from the early 19th century during the era of the Nguyễn lords and most of the Vietnamese came to Cambodia during the periods of French colonial administration and the People's Republic of Kampuchea administration. During the Khmer Republic and Khmer Rouge governments in the 1970s under the Pol Pot regime, the Vietnamese among others were targets of mass genocides; thousands of Vietnamese were killed and many more sought refuge in Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodia–United States relations</span> Bilateral relations

Bilateral relations between the United States and Cambodia, while strained throughout the Cold War, have strengthened considerably in modern times. The U.S. supports efforts in Cambodia to combat terrorism, build democratic institutions, promote human rights, foster economic development, and eliminate corruption.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodia–Vietnam relations</span> Bilateral relations

Cambodia–Vietnam relations take place in the form of bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The countries have shared a land border for the last 1,000 years and share more recent historical links through being part of the French colonial empire. Both countries are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodia–China relations</span> Bilateral relations

The bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the People's Republic of China have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War, during which China had supported the Khmer Rouge against Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roman Catholic Cathedral of Phnom Penh</span> Church in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Christ the King Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Phnom Penh, was a 19th-century French Gothic revival church that served as the cathedral of the Apostolic Vicariate of Phnom Penh. It was located in the Russei Keo District of the city on Monivong Boulevard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodia–Malaysia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Cambodia–Malaysia relations are foreign relations between Cambodia and Malaysia. Both countries are members of ASEAN. Cambodia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013–2014 Cambodian protests</span> Cambodian anti-government protests in 2013 and 2014

Anti-government protests took place in Cambodia from July 2013 to July 2014. Popular demonstrations in Phnom Penh took place against the government of Prime Minister Hun Sen, triggered by widespread allegations of electoral fraud during the 2013 general election. Demands to raise the minimum wage to $160 a month and resentment at Vietnamese influence in Cambodia have also contributed to the protests. The main opposition party refused to participate in parliament after the elections, and major demonstrations took place throughout December 2013. A government crackdown in January 2014 led to the deaths of 4 people and the clearing of the main protest camp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodia–Thailand relations</span> Bilateral relations

Bilateral relations between Cambodia and Thailand date to the 13th century during the Angkor Era. The Thai Ayutthaya Kingdom gradually displaced the declining Khmer Empire from the 14th century, French protectorateship separated Cambodia from modern Thailand at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, and diplomatic relations between the modern states were established on 19 December 1950.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambodian humanitarian crisis</span> Events resulting in death, displacement or resettlement abroad

The Cambodian humanitarian crisis from 1969 to 1993 consisted of a series of related events which resulted in the death, displacement, or resettlement abroad of millions of Cambodians.

The Embassy of France in Cambodia is the primary diplomatic mission of the French Republic to the Kingdom of Cambodia. It is located in the capital Phnom Penh. It is known for the role it played as a place of refuge for foreigners and at-risk Cambodians after the Khmer Rouge takeover for several days until foreigners were forced to go to Thailand while the regime forced Cambodians to stay in the country.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Cambodia country brief". Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  2. ↑ "LEGATION IN CAMBODIA". Central Queensland Herald. 27 January 1955. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  3. ↑ "Royal Embassy of Cambodia in Canberra, Australia". Embassy of Cambodia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "The Colombo Plan | Destination Australia". www.destinationaustralia.gov.au. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Frost, F. (25, June 1996). Cambodia's Troubled Path to Recovery. Retrieved from Australian Parliament House: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/RP9596/96rp34
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  7. 1 2 "Genocide, war crimes trials come at a price". news.com.au. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Australia and Cambodia sign refugee resettlement deal". BBC News. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 Commission, Australian Trade. "Doing business". www.austrade.gov.au. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  10. ↑ "Population clock". Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 15 December 2016. The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.
  11. ↑ "Population, total - Cambodia | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook Databases". IMF. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  14. ↑ Oakman, Daniel (2010). "Facing Asia : a history of the Colombo Plan" (PDF). ANU E Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  15. ↑ "New Colombo Plan". Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Richard, Broinowski (2021). The Vote for Cambodia (PDF). Australian Institute of International Affairs.
  17. 1 2 3 "Vietnam War 1962–75 | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  18. ↑ corporateName=National Museum of Australia; address=Lawson Crescent, Acton Peninsula. "National Museum of Australia - Vietnam moratoriums". www.nma.gov.au. Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Doyle, J., Grey, J., & Pierce, P. (2002). Introduction. In J. Doyle, J. Grey, & P. Pierce, Australia's Vietnam War. Texas: Texas A&M University Press: https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/14206/2/14206_Doyle_et_al_2002.pdf
  20. ↑ "Fifty Years Ago Today, US Soldiers Joined the Vietnam Moratorium Protests in Mass Numbers". jacobinmag.com. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  21. ↑ "Cambodia country brief". www.dfat.gov.au. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  22. ↑ Carruthers, A., & Tuy, S. (2009). The Cambodians in Sydney. Sydney Journal: https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/sydney_journal/article/view/1197/1207
  23. 1 2 "Cambodia country brief". Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  24. 1 2 Harrington, Ryan (2015). "Memorandum of Understanding Between the Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Government of Australia, Relating to the Settlement of Refugees in Cambodia & UNHCR Response to Australia-Cambodia Agreement on Refugee Relocation". International Legal Materials. 54 (2): 347–356. doi:10.5305/intelegamate.54.2.0347. S2CID   228645805.
  25. ↑ Campbell, Charlie (25 September 2014). "Australian Plan to Resettle Refugees in Impoverished Cambodia Sparks Concern". Time . Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  26. ↑ "Cambodians protest Australia using country as refugee 'dumping ground'". The Guardian . 26 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  27. 1 2 3 Barrett, Chris (2 November 2021). "COVID-19: Cambodia's Hun Sen takes pot shot at Australia on 'overdue' vaccines". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  28. 1 2 Barrett, Chris (7 September 2021). "Phnom Penh turned to China, now it's the 'world's most vaccinated capital city'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  29. ↑ "ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand FTA". Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  30. ↑ "AANZFTA Overview - ASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade Area". aanzfta.asean.org. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  31. ↑ Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and. "Australian Embassy in". cambodia.embassy.gov.au. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  32. 1 2 "Mission/Core Values | AusCham". auschamcambodia.com. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  33. 1 2 3 "Cambodian Eagles". AFL Asia. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  34. 1 2 "Happy Football Cambodia". hfca.org.au. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  35. ↑ "HFCA launch new programs in three Villages in rural Cambodia". hfca.org.au. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
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