Ballophilidae

Last updated

Ballophilidae
Ballophilus hounselli.jpg
Ballophilus hounselli
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Chilopoda
Order:
Geophilomorpha
Suborder:
Adesmata
Superfamily:
Himantarioidea
Family:
Ballophilidae

Ballophilidae is a monophyletic group of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. [1] [2] Authorities now dismiss Ballophilidae as a family and consider this clade to be a possible subfamily (Ballophilinae) within the family Schendylidae. [2] [3] This clade includes about 40 species in 12 genera. [4] Centipedes in this clade are found in most tropical regions. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

In 2014, a phylogenetic analysis of the order Geophilomorpha using both morphological and molecular data found representatives of the family Ballophilidae nested among species of the family Schendylidae. To avoid paraphyly of the family Schendylidae with respect to Ballophilidae, authorities dismissed Ballophilidae as a separate family. [2] Authorities now place the genera formerly contained in the family Ballophilidae in the family Schendylidae instead, [3] but some references continue to accept the family Ballophilidae as valid. [1]

Description

Centipedes in this clade differ from others in the family Schendylidae by having bodies tapered toward the anterior tip, short heads, slender forcipules that are well apart, and an undivided lamina for the female gonopods. [4] The number of legs in this clade varies within as well as among species and ranges from 37 to 113 pairs of legs. [4] Three species in this clade can have as few as 37 leg pairs, Ityphilus grismadoi , [5] Ballophilus pallidus, [6] and Leucolinum trinidadense, [7] and one species, Ityphilus grandis , can have as many as 113 pairs. [8] Species in this clade tend to have more leg-bearing segments and greater intraspecific variability in this number than generally found in the family Schendylidae. [9] Some species in this clade are notable for their small sizes, including I. grismadoi (reaching only 9 mm in length), [5] L. trinadadense (9 mm), [7] Caritohallex minyrrhopus (10 mm), [10] B. pallidus (11 mm), [6] and Taeniolinum panamicum (11 mm). [11] [12]

Genera

This clade includes the following genera: [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Ballophilidae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Bonato, Lucio; Drago, Leandro; Murienne, Jérôme (2014). "Phylogeny of Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) inferred from new morphological and molecular evidence". Cladistics. The International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society. 30 (5): 485–507. doi: 10.1111/cla.12060 . PMID   34794246. S2CID   86204188.
  3. 1 2 Bonato, L.; Chagas Junior, A.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lewis, J.G.E.; Minelli, A.; Pereira, L.A.; Shelley, R.M.; Stoev, P.; Zapparoli, M. (2016). "ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda)". chilobase.biologia.unipd.it. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Zapparoli, Marzio (2011). "Chilopoda – Taxonomic overview". In Minelli, Alessandro (ed.). The Myriapoda. Volume 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 363–443. ISBN   978-90-04-18826-6. OCLC   812207443.
  5. 1 2 Pereira, Luis Alberto (2018). "A new miniature species of geophilomorph centipede from the Ecuadorian Amazon rainforest (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae)" . Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 53 (2): 91–106. doi:10.1080/01650521.2017.1412687. hdl: 11336/84213 . ISSN   0165-0521.
  6. 1 2 Attems, C. (1938). "Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in französisch Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden". Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. Nouvelle Série (in German). 6 (2): 187–353 [323] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  7. 1 2 Chamberlin, Ralph V. (1945). "Two new centipeds from Trinidad". Entomological News. 56: 171–174 [174] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  8. ↑ Turk, F. A. (1955). "The chilopods of Peru with descriptions of new species and some zoogeographical notes on the Peruvian chilopod fauna" . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 125 (3–4): 469–504. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1955.tb00612.x. ISSN   0370-2774.
  9. ↑ Minelli, Alessandro; Bortoletto, Stefano (1988-04-01). "Myriapod metamerism and arthropod segmentation" . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 33 (4): 323–343. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00448.x. ISSN   0024-4066.
  10. ↑ Crabill, Ralph E. (1960). "Centipedes of the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions to the West Indies". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 111 (3427): 167–195 [175]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.111-3427.167 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  11. ↑ Chamberlin, Ralph V. (Ralph Vary) (1940). "On Some Chilopods from Barro Colorado Island". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 47 (2–3): 66–74 [69]. doi: 10.1155/1940/840186 . ISSN   0033-2615.
  12. ↑ Bonato, Lucio; Minelli, Alessandro; Drago, Leandro; Pereira, Luis Alberto (2015-09-25). "The phylogenetic position of Dinogeophilus and a new evolutionary framework for the smallest epimorphic centipedes (Chilopoda: Epimorpha)". Contributions to Zoology. 84 (3): 237–253 [249]. doi:10.1163/18759866-08403004. hdl: 11577/3146565 . ISSN   1875-9866.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.