Bandwings | |
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Austroicetes vulgaris | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Orthoptera |
Suborder: | Caelifera |
Family: | Acrididae |
Subfamily: | Oedipodinae Walker, 1871 |
Tribes | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
Locustidae Kirby, 1825 Contents
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Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae [1] of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae. [2] Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:
These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the blue-winged grasshopper for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following: [3]
Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America
Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia
Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia
Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas
Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)
Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia
Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893 [5] (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia
Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia
Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)
Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)
The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies. [8] [9] [10] [11]
Acrididae, commonly called short-horned grasshoppers, are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae, and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
The subfamily Catantopinae is a group of insects classified under family Acrididae. Genera such as Macrotona may sometimes called "spur-throated grasshoppers", but that name is also used for grasshoppers from other subfamilies, including the genus Melanoplus from the Melanoplinae.
The grasshopper subfamily Acridinae, sometimes called silent slant-faced grasshoppers, belong of the large family Acrididae in the Orthoptera: Caelifera.
The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve tribes.
Tetrigidae is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, pygmy grasshoppers, pygmy devils or "grouse locusts".
The subfamily Pseudophyllinae contains numerous species in the family Tettigoniidae, the katydids or bush crickets. Sometimes called "true katydids", together with the crickets of suborder Ensifera, they form part of the insect order Orthoptera which also contains grasshoppers.
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found on every continent but Antarctica and Australia.
Gomphocerini is a tribe of grasshoppers of the family Acrididae.
Aiolopus is a genus of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae and tribe Epacromiini. Species can be found in Africa, Europe and Asia - through to New Caledonia.
Pamphagidae is a family of grasshoppers belonging to the superfamily Acridoidea. The species in this family can be found in Africa, Europe and Asia.
The Cyrtacanthacridinae are a subfamily of Orthoptera: Caelifera in the family Acrididae. They are sometimes referred-to as bird locusts, criquets voyageurs in French-speaking Africa, and Knarrschrecken in German.
Trimerotropini is a tribe of band-winged grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are at least 70 described species in Trimerotropini: found in the western Americas.
Romaleinae is a subfamily of lubber grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae, found in North and South America. More than 60 genera and 260 described species are placed in the Romaleinae.
Gastrimargus is a genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oedipodinae. The recorded distribution of species in this genus includes Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
Sphingonotus is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae, found in Europe Africa, Asia and Australia.
Pamphaginae is a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Pamphagidae, with species found in Africa, Europe and Asia.
Thrinchinae is a subfamily of grasshoppers, with genus found in Africa, Europe and Asia.