Bandwing

Last updated

Bandwings
Austroicetes vulgaris.jpg
Austroicetes vulgaris
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Caelifera
Family: Acrididae
Subfamily: Oedipodinae
Walker, 1871
Tribes

See text

Synonyms

Locustidae Kirby, 1825
Locustinae Kirby, 1825
Oedipodidae Walker, 1871

Contents

Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae [1] of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae. [2] Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.

Defense

When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the blue-winged grasshopper for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.

Tribes and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following: [3]

Tribe Acrotylini

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

Acrotylus patruelis Caelifera CBMen 11.jpg
Acrotylus patruelis
  1. Acrotylus Fieber, 1853
  2. Pusana Uvarov, 1940

Tribe Anconiini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)

  1. Anconia Scudder, 1876

Tribe Arphiini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Arphia xanthoptera Arphia xanthoptera P1130859a.jpg
Arphia xanthoptera
  1. Arphia Stål, 1873
  2. Lactista Saussure, 1884 (synonym Rehnita [4] )
  3. Leuronotina Hebard, 1932
  4. Tomonotus Saussure, 1861

Tribe Bryodemini

Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia

Bryodemella tuberculata B tuberculata-W.jpg
Bryodemella tuberculata
  1. Andrea Mishchenko, 1989
  2. Angaracris Bei-Bienko, 1930
  3. Bryodema Fieber, 1853
  4. Bryodemacris Benediktov, 1998
  5. Bryodemella Yin, 1982 (Eastern Europe and temperate Asia)
  6. Compsorhipis Saussure, 1889
  7. Uvaroviola Bei-Bienko, 1930

Tribe Chortophagini

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

Chortophaga viridifasciata Chortophaga viridifasciata P1390820a.jpg
Chortophaga viridifasciata
  1. Chimarocephala Scudder, 1875
  2. Chortophaga Saussure, 1884
  3. Encoptolophus Scudder, 1875
  4. Nebulatettix Gómez, Lightfoot & Miller, 2012
  5. Shotwellia Gurney, 1940

Tribe Epacromiini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia

Aiolopus thalassinus Aiolopus thalassinus feeding on grass 2.jpg
Aiolopus thalassinus
  1. Aiolopus Fieber, 1853
  2. Demirsoyus Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
  3. Epacromius Uvarov, 1942
  4. Heteropternis Stål, 1873
  5. Hilethera Uvarov, 1923
  6. Jasomenia Bolívar, 1914
  7. Paracinema Fischer, 1853
  8. Parahilethera Zheng & Ren, 2007
  9. Platypygius Uvarov, 1942

Tribe Hippiscini

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas

Hippiscus ocelote Hippiscus ocelote P1240847a.jpg
Hippiscus ocelote

Tribe Locustini

Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

Locusta migratoria migratorioides female (solitary) Locusta m. migratorioides female.jpg
Locusta migratoria migratorioides female (solitary)
subtribe Locustina Kirby, 1825
  1. Locusta Linnaeus, 1758 (monotypic)
  2. Oedaleus Fieber, 1853
  3. Psophus Fieber, 1853 - monotypic Psophus stridulus
subtribe undetermined
  1. Brunnerella Saussure, 1888
  2. Chifanicus Benediktov, 2001
  3. Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884
  4. Grammoscapha Uvarov, 1942
  5. Locustana Uvarov, 1921
  6. Pternoscirta Saussure, 1884
  7. Ptetica Saussure, 1884
  8. Pycnodictya Stål, 1873
  9. Pyrgodera Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
  10. Scintharista Saussure, 1884

Tribe Macherocerini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)

  1. Machaerocera Saussure, 1859

Tribe Oedipodini

Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia

Oedipoda caerulescens Oedipoda caerulescens 1.jpg
Oedipoda caerulescens
  1. Celes Saussure, 1884
  2. Mioscirtus Saussure, 1888
  3. Ochyracris Zheng, 1991
  4. Oedipoda Latreille, 1829
  5. Oedipodacris Willemse, 1932

Tribe Parapleurini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893 [5] (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia

Stethophyma magister Stethophyma magister 01.jpg
Stethophyma magister
  1. Ceracris Walker, 1870
  2. Ceracrisoides Liu, 1985
  3. Formosacris Willemse, 1951
  4. Mecostethus Fieber, 1852
  5. Parapleurodes Ramme, 1941
  6. Stethophyma Fischer, 1853
  7. Yiacris Zheng & Chen, 1993

Tribe Psinidiini

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

Psinidia fenestralis Long-horn Band-winged Grasshopper - Psinidia fenestralis, Sapelo Island, Georgia.jpg
Psinidia fenestralis

Tribe Sphingonotini

Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia

Sphingonotus sp. Sphingonotus caerulans 0550.jpg
Sphingonotus sp.
  1. Conipoda Saussure, 1884
  2. Cophotylus Krauss, 1902
  3. Eusphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  4. Eusphingonotus Bey-Bienko, 1950
  5. Heliopteryx Uvarov, 1914
  6. Helioscirtus Saussure, 1884
  7. Hyalorrhipis Saussure, 1884
  8. Microtes Scudder, 1900
  9. Phaeonotus Popov, 1951
  10. Pseudoceles Bolívar, 1899
  11. Quadriverticis Zheng, 1999
  12. Sphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  13. Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 - type species: Sphingonotus caerulans [7]
  14. Tetramerotropis Saussure, 1888
  15. Thalpomena Saussure, 1884
  16. Vosseleriana Uvarov, 1924

Tribe Trilophidiini

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)

Trilophidia conturbata Trilophidia conturbata2.jpg
Trilophidia conturbata
  1. Trilophidia Stål, 1873

Tribe Trimerotropini

Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas

  1. Circotettix Scudder, 1876
  2. Conozoa Saussure, 1884
  3. Dissosteira Scudder, 1876
  4. Spharagemon Scudder, 1875
  5. Trimerotropis Stål, 1873

Tribe Tropidolophini

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)

Tropidolophus formosus Tropidolophus formosus P1490430a.jpg
Tropidolophus formosus
  1. Tropidolophus Thomas, 1873 - monotypic Tropidolophus formosus

Genera incertae sedis

Chortoicetes terminifera CSIRO ScienceImage 40 An Australian plague locust Chortoicetes terminifera.jpg
Chortoicetes terminifera

The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acrididae</span> Family of grasshoppers in the suborder Caelifera

Acrididae, commonly called short-horned grasshoppers, are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae, and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catantopinae</span> Subfamily of grasshoppers

The subfamily Catantopinae is a group of insects classified under family Acrididae. Genera such as Macrotona may sometimes called "spur-throated grasshoppers", but that name is also used for grasshoppers from other subfamilies, including the genus Melanoplus from the Melanoplinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acridinae</span> Subfamily of grasshoppers

The grasshopper subfamily Acridinae, sometimes called silent slant-faced grasshoppers, belong of the large family Acrididae in the Orthoptera: Caelifera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tettigoniinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve tribes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrigidae</span> Family of grasshoppers

Tetrigidae is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, pygmy grasshoppers, pygmy devils or "grouse locusts".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudophyllinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

The subfamily Pseudophyllinae contains numerous species in the family Tettigoniidae, the katydids or bush crickets. Sometimes called "true katydids", together with the crickets of suborder Ensifera, they form part of the insect order Orthoptera which also contains grasshoppers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaneropterinae</span> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gomphocerinae</span> Subfamily of grasshoppers

Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found on every continent but Antarctica and Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gomphocerini</span> Tribe of grasshoppers

Gomphocerini is a tribe of grasshoppers of the family Acrididae.

<i>Aiolopus</i> Genus of grasshoppers

Aiolopus is a genus of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae and tribe Epacromiini. Species can be found in Africa, Europe and Asia - through to New Caledonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pamphagidae</span> Family of grasshoppers

Pamphagidae is a family of grasshoppers belonging to the superfamily Acridoidea. The species in this family can be found in Africa, Europe and Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyrtacanthacridinae</span> Subfamily of grasshoppers

The Cyrtacanthacridinae are a subfamily of Orthoptera: Caelifera in the family Acrididae. They are sometimes referred-to as bird locusts, criquets voyageurs in French-speaking Africa, and Knarrschrecken in German.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trimerotropini</span> Tribe of grasshoppers

Trimerotropini is a tribe of band-winged grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are at least 70 described species in Trimerotropini: found in the western Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romaleinae</span> Subfamily of grasshoppers

Romaleinae is a subfamily of lubber grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae, found in North and South America. More than 60 genera and 260 described species are placed in the Romaleinae.

<i>Gastrimargus</i> Genus of grasshoppers

Gastrimargus is a genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oedipodinae. The recorded distribution of species in this genus includes Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

<i>Sphingonotus</i> Genus of grasshoppers

Sphingonotus is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae, found in Europe Africa, Asia and Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pamphaginae</span>

Pamphaginae is a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Pamphagidae, with species found in Africa, Europe and Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thrinchinae</span> Subfamily of grasshoppers found in Africa, Europe and Asia

Thrinchinae is a subfamily of grasshoppers, with genus found in Africa, Europe and Asia.

References

  1. Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 28 January 2018)
  2. Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 102
  3. Hippopedon at Orthoptera Species File Online
  4. Parapleurini at Orthoptera Species File Online
  5. Lactista at Orthoptera Species File Online
  6. Sphingonotus at Orthoptera species File Online
  7. Cibolacris at Orthoptera Species File Online
  8. Oedipodinae at Orthoptera Species File Online
  9. Daniel Otte, 1982, 'The North American Grasshoppers, Volume 1: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae', Harvard University Press. ISBN   9780674626607
  10. DCF Rentz, RC Lewis, YN Su & MS Upton, 2003, 'A Guide to Australian Grasshoppers and Locusts', Natural History Publications (Borneo). ISBN   983-812-074-X , ISBN   978-983-812-074-6