In cricket, the boundary is the perimeter of a playing field. It is also the term given to a scoring shot where the ball is hit to, or beyond, that perimeter, which generally earns four or six runs for the batting team.
Briefly, if the ball is struck by the batter and rolls or bounces over the boundary (or just touches it) it is known as a "four", and scores four runs, whereas if it flies over (or touches) the boundary, without touching the ground before that, it is called a "six", and scores six runs. There are rules covering every possible situation, including the fairly common one when a fielder is in the air beyond the boundary when he or she catches or strikes the ball with his or her hand or another part of the body.
Edge of the field
The boundary is the edge of the playing field, or the physical object (often a rope) marking the edge of the field. In low-level matches, a series of plastic cones or flags are sometimes used. Since the early 2000s, the boundaries at professional matches are often a series of padded cushions carrying sponsors' logos strung along a rope. If one of these is accidentally moved during play (such as by a fielder sliding into the rope in an attempt to stop the ball) the boundary is considered to remain at the point where that object first stood. The boundary is at least 195 feet (59m) from the centre of the field in men's international cricket,[1] and at least 180 feet (55m) from the centre of the field in women's international cricket.[2]
A traditional boundary rope
When the cricket ball is inside the boundary, it is live. When the ball is touching the boundary, grounded beyond the boundary, or being touched by a fielder who is himself either touching the boundary or grounded beyond it, it is dead and the batting side usually scores four or six runs for hitting the ball over the boundary. Because of this rule, fielders near the boundary attempting to intercept the ball while running or diving often flick the ball back in to the field of play rather than pick it up directly, because their momentum could carry them beyond the rope while holding the ball. They then return to the field to pick the ball up and throw it back to the bowler.
A law change in 2010 declared that a fielder could not jump from behind the boundary and, while airborne, parry the ball back on to the field.[3][4]
Scoring runs
A boundary is the scoring of four or six runs from a single delivery, with the ball having left the field, and its first bounce having occurred either entirely within the playing field (in the case of four runs) or not (six runs); these events are known as a four or a six respectively.[5]
Occasionally there is an erroneous use of the term boundary as a synonym for a "four". For example, sometimes commentators say such as "There were seven boundaries and three sixes in the innings." The correct terminology would be "There were ten boundaries in the innings of which seven were fours and three were sixes."[citation needed]
When this happens the runs are automatically added to the batsman's and his team's score and the ball becomes dead. If the ball did not touch the bat or a hand holding the bat, four runs are scored as the relevant type of extra instead; six runs cannot be scored as extras, even if the ball clears the boundary, which is in any case extremely unlikely.
Any runs the batsmen completed by running before the ball reached the edge of the field do not count, unless they are greater than the number of runs that would be scored by the boundary, in which case it is the runs from the boundary that are discounted.
A batsman scoring a six during a game at Chrishall, Essex
The scoring of a four or six by a good aggressive shot displays a certain amount of mastery by the batsman over the bowler, and is usually greeted by applause from the spectators. Fours resulting from an edged stroke, or from a shot that did not come off as the batsman intended, are considered bad luck to the bowler. As a batsman plays himself in and becomes more confident as his innings progresses, the proportion of his runs scored in boundaries often rises.
An average first-class match usually sees between 50 and 150 boundary fours.[citation needed] Sixes are less common, and usually fewer than 10 (and sometimes none) will be scored in the course of a match.
The Laws allow for captains to change the boundary allowances (number of runs scored through either type of boundary) through a pre-match agreement.
Four runs
Four runs are scored if the ball bounces, or rolls along the ground, before touching or going over the edge of the field. If it does not touch the edge of the field, it must touch the ground beyond it. For example, if a batsman hits the ball and it bounces before the boundary and carries over the boundary in flight, a fielder can still bring the ball back into the field of play as long as any part of the fielder's body does not touch the ground outside of the boundary.
Four runs are scored as overthrows if a fielder gathers the ball and then throws it so that no other fielder can gather it before it reaches the boundary. In this case, the batsman who hit the ball scores however many runs the batsmen had run up to that time, plus four additional runs, and it is counted as a boundary. If the ball has not come off the bat or hand holding the bat, then the runs are classified as 'extras' and are added to the team's score but not to the score of any individual batsman.
Four runs (or more) can also be scored by hitting the ball into the outfield and running between the wickets. Four runs scored in this way is referred to as an "all run four" and is not counted as a boundary.
Six runs
Six runs are scored if the ball does not bounce before passing over the boundary in the air, and then touches the boundary or the ground beyond it.[6]
Prior to 1910, six runs were only awarded for hits out of the ground,[7] with custom in Australia to award five runs for clearing the boundary.[8]
Records
Sixes
Shahid Afridi holds the world record for most sixes in ODIs.
The record for most sixes in a Test match innings is 12, which was first achieved by Pakistani all-rounder Wasim Akram during an innings of 257* against Zimbabwe in October 1996 at Sheikhupura, and was later equalled by Yashasvi Jaiswal during an innings of 214 against England in February 2024 at Rajkot. The One Day International record for most sixes hit in an innings is held by Eoin Morgan, who hit 17 sixes against Afghanistan at Old Trafford on 18 June 2019 in his innings of 148. Ben Stokes currently holds the record for most sixes in a Test career with 131.[9]Shahid Afridi holds the record for most sixes in an ODI career with 351 sixes in 398 matches.[10]
Although official records for the longest six do not exist due to the difficulties of accurately measuring such distances, there is some evidence to show Australia’s Brett Lee struck a six 130-135 meters against West Indies in a Test match at the Gabba in 2005, although he used a carbon-fibre reinforced bat, which was later banned.[6]
At the MCG a yellow seat marks the biggest six hit at the ground.
The record for the most sixes in a Test match is 37, which occurred during a 2019 Test match between India and South Africa in Visakhapatnam.[11]
The record for most sixes in a One Day International is 46, which was achieved in a match between West Indies and England at St George's on 27 February 2019.[12] The equivalent record in Twenty20 Internationals was set at Centurion Park, 35 sixes were hit during a match between South Africa and West Indies on 26 March 2023.[13]
In 2012, during the First Test against Bangladesh in Dhaka, West Indies cricketer Chris Gayle became the first player to hit a six off the first ball in a Test cricket match.[14]
Six or more sixes in an over
Six or more sixes in an over in top level domestic cricket
As of November2022[update], this feat has occurred seven times in top level domestic cricket.[15][16]
^ On 10 January 1985, Bombay's Shastri equalled Sobers' record of hitting six sixes in an over in first-class cricket, off the bowling of Baroda'sTilak Raj, at the Wankhede.[21]
^ On 5 January 2020, in the 2019–20 Super Smash match between Canterbury and Northern Districts in Christchurch, Carter hit six sixes in one over off the bowling of Anton Devcich.[24]
^ On 19 September 2007, during a match between England and India in the inaugural T20 World Cup in Kingsmead, Singh became the first batsman to hit six sixes in an over in a T20 International, in an over bowled by Stuart Broad.[28]
^ On 9 September 2021, Malhotra of the United States hit six sixes in one over, off the bowling of Papua New Guinea's Gaudi Toka in Muscat, becoming the second cricketer to achieve this in ODIs. He became the first USA batsman to make an ODI century.[30]
^ On 13 April 2024, during a match between Nepal and Qatar in the 2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup in Muscat, Airee became the third batsman to hit six sixes in an over in a T20 International, in an over bowled by Kamran Khan.[31]
^ On 20 August 2024, during a 2024–25 ICC Men's T20 World Cup East Asia-Pacific Qualifier match against Vanuatu in Apia, Darius Visser of Samoa broke the record for the most runs in a T20I over, hitting 39 runs off the over, including six sixes. The bowler was Nalin Nipiko who bowled three no-balls in the 15th over of Samoa's innings. Visser made 132 runs off 62 balls (five fours and 14 sixes), becoming the first Samoan to score a T20I century.[32][33]
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).
In cricket, an extra is a run scored by, or awarded to, a batting team which is not credited to any individual batter. They are the runs scored by methods other than striking the ball with the bat.
In cricket, a dismissal occurs when a batter's innings is brought to an end by the opposing team. Other terms used are the batter being out, the batting side losing a wicket, and the fielding side taking a wicket. The ball becomes dead, and the dismissed batter must leave the field of play for the rest of their team's innings, to be replaced by a team-mate. A team's innings ends if ten of the eleven team members are dismissed. Players bat in pairs so, when only one batter remains who can be not out, it is not possible for the team to bat any longer. This is known as dismissing or bowling out the batting team, who are said to be all out.
Baseball and cricket are the best-known members of a family of related bat-and-ball games. Both have fields that are 400 feet (120 m) or more in diameter between their furthest endpoints, offensive players who can hit a thrown/"bowled" ball out of the field and run between safe areas to score runs (points) at the risk of being gotten out, and have a major game format lasting about 3 hours.
Caught is a method of dismissing a batsman in cricket. A batsman is out caught if the batsman hits the ball, from a legitimate delivery, with the bat, and the ball is caught by the bowler or a fielder before it hits the ground.
A partnership is a term used in cricket, that usually refers to the two batters and the runs they score together, including extras. Two batters bat in a partnership, although only one is a striker at any time. The partnership between two batsmen will come to an end when one of them is dismissed or retires, or the innings comes to a close, usually due to victory being achieved, a declaration, a time or over limit being reached, the match being abandoned. In exceptional cases, if one of the original batters are injured, a player may run between the wickets on behalf of the injured batter. However, any runs scored by the injured batter will be recorded as being in the partnership of the two original batters. A partnership may also refer to two bowlers bowling from each end of the wicket.
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field, at the centre of which is a 22-yard pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. Two players from the batting team, the striker and nonstriker, stand in front of either wicket holding bats, while one player from the fielding team, the bowler, bowls the ball toward the striker's wicket from the opposite end of the pitch. The striker's goal is to hit the bowled ball with the bat and then switch places with the nonstriker, with the batting team scoring one run for each of these exchanges. Runs are also scored when the ball reaches the boundary of the field or when the ball is bowled illegally.
The 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Final was a Women's Twenty20 International cricket match played between Australia and England on 24 November 2018 at the Sir Vivian Richards Stadium in Antigua and Barbuda. It was the culmination of the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20, the sixth ICC Women's World Twenty20. Australia won the match by eight wickets, securing their fourth World Twenty20 title. It was the third time that the two teams had met at this stage of a World Twenty20 – Australia have won on both occasions, in 2012 and 2014.
References
↑ "Cricket Rules and Regulations | ICC Rules of Cricket". www.icc-cricket.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2021. [Law 19.1.3 of the Test Match Playing Conditions] "... no boundary should be shorter than 65 yards (59.43 meters) from the centre of the pitch to be used."
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