Bradybaeninae

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Bradybaeninae
Fruticicola fruticum.jpg
A live individual of Fruticicola fruticum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Camaenidae
Subfamily: Bradybaeninae
Pilsbry, 1934 (1898)
Genera

See text

Bradybaeninae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae. [1] Members of the subfamily Bradybaeninae are defined by the presence of two divided glands with one to two accessory sacs.

Contents

Description

Some genera of snails in this subfamily create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The dart sac contains one to two glands. They are also defined by missing a diverticulum.

In this subfamily, the number of haploid chromosomes present lies between 26 and 30. [2]

Distribution

Species of the subfamily Bradybaeninae are found mainly in Asia, with only one species, Fruticicola fruticum , occurring in north-western Europe.

Taxonomy

The name of both the subfamily and the genus Bradybaena are derived from the Greek words bradus (= slow) and baino (= walk), meaning "slow walker".

Formerly considered as a separate family, molecular phylogenetic studies from 2007 showed that bradybaenids were closely related with the Camaenidae, a family that they are now considered a subfamily of. In these studies both Bradybaenidae and Camaenidae are mutually polyphyletic, and together form a monophyletic group. This finding suggested that the distinction between the clades was based essentially on the absence (Camaenidae) or presence (Bradybaenidae) of a diverticulum, and was arbitrary. This anatomical structure was apparently lost (or was gained) in several groups in convergence and is therefore not suitable for the delimitation of natural groups. [3]

Two live individuals of Aegista tokyoensis, one retracted and one active Aegista tokyoensis 02.JPG
Two live individuals of Aegista tokyoensis , one retracted and one active

The following genera are recognized in the subfamily Bradybaeninae: [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Euhadra</i> Genus of gastropods

Euhadra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae.

<i>Aegista</i> Genus of gastropods

Aegista is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae.

<i>Dicharax</i> Genus of gastropods

Dicharax is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.

<i>Diplommatina</i> Genus of gastropods

Diplommatina is a genus of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Diplommatinidae.

<i>Japonia</i> Genus of gastropods

Japonia is a genus of land snails with opercula, terrestrial gastropods in the subfamily Cyclophorinae of the family Cyclophoridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camaenidae</span> Family of gastropods

Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trochomorphidae</span> Family of gastropods

Trochomorphidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea. Since 2017, its classification has been revised and it now belongs to the superfamily Trochomorphoidea

<i>Bradybaena</i> Genus of gastropods

Bradybaena is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, or terrestrial molluscs in the family Bradybaenidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plectopylidae</span> Family of gastropods

Plectopylidae is a taxonomic family of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plectopyloidea.

<i>Satsuma</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Satsuma is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the tribe Aegistini of the subfamily Bradybaeninae in the family Camaenidae.

<i>Pseudiberus</i> Genus of gastropods

Pseudiberus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bradybaenidae, inhabiting in Shandong, Henan, Hebei and Shanxi Provinces. PlatypetasusPilsbry, 1894 was previously considered as synonyms of Pseudiberus, however Zhang et al. (2024) corrected it via phylogenetics based on morphology and molecules.

<i>Plectotropis</i> Genus of gastropods

Plectotropis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae.

<i>Ganesella</i> Genus of gastropods

Ganesella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Camaeninae of the family Camaenidae.

<i>Cathaica</i> Genus of gastropods

Cathaica is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, or terrestrial molluscs in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. Cathaica pyrrhozona is the type species of this genus.

Mirus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.

<i>Pseudobuliminus</i> Genus of gastropods

Pseudobuliminus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae.

<i>Trichochloritis</i> Genus of gastropods

Trichochloritis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Camaeninae of the family Camaenidae.

References

  1. 1 2 "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  2. ↑ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs . CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN   0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  3. ↑ Wade C. M., Hudelot C., Davison A., Naggs F., Mordan P. B. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae". Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(4): 411-415. doi : 10.1093/mollus/eym030.
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