Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly longer than the upper jaws. The similar viviparous halfbeaks have often been included in this family.
The giant otter or giant river otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to 1.7 metres (5.6 ft). Atypical of mustelids, the giant otter is a social species, with family groups typically supporting three to eight members. The groups are centered on a dominant breeding pair and are extremely cohesive and cooperative. Although generally peaceful, the species is territorial, and aggression has been observed between groups. The giant otter is diurnal, being active exclusively during daylight hours. It is the noisiest otter species, and distinct vocalizations have been documented that indicate alarm, aggression, and reassurance.
The Percophidae, duckbills, are a family of percomorph fishes, from the order Trachiniformes, found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the southwestern and southeastern Pacific.
The largetooth cookiecutter shark is a rare species of squaliform shark in the family Dalatiidae, reported from depths of 60–200 m (200–660 ft) at scattered locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. As its common name suggests, it is similar in appearance to the cookiecutter shark but has much larger lower teeth. This species reaches a maximum known length of 42 cm (17 in). The largetooth cookiecutter shark feeds by gouging out chunks of flesh from larger animals, including bony fishes, sharks, and marine mammals, and is able to take larger bites than I. brasiliensis. Little is known of its life history; it is thought to be a weaker swimmer than I. brasiliensis, and is presumably aplacental viviparous like the rest of its family. This shark is an infrequent bycatch of commercial trawl and longline fisheries, but is not thought to be much threatened by these activities.
Sardinella is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer waters of the tropical and subtropical oceans. Adults are generally coastal, schooling, marine fish but juveniles are often found in lagoons and estuaries. These species are distinguished by their ranges and by specific body features, but they are often confused with one another. Fish of the genus have seven to 14 striped markings along the scales of the top of the head. The paddle-shaped supramaxilla bones are characteristic; they separate Sardinella from other genera and their shapes help distinguish species. They have paired predorsal scales and enlarged fin rays.
Rhinoptera is a genus of ray commonly known as the cownose rays. This genus is the only member of the family Rhinopteridae.
Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish which is considered by some authorities to be the suborder Trachinoidei of the Perciformes.
Mawsonia is an extinct genus of prehistoric coelacanth fish, and the largest of this group, ranging from an estimated 3.5 metres up to 6.3 metres long. It lived during the Cretaceous period. Fossils have been found in the Bahia Group, Romualdo, Alcântara and Missão Velha Formations of Brazil, South America, as well as the Continental Intercalaire of Algeria and Tunisia, the Ain el Guettar Formation of Tunisia, and the Babouri Figuil Basin of Cameroon, Africa. Mawsonia was first described by British palaeontology Arthur Smith Woodward in 1907. The type species is Mawsonia gigas, named and described in 1907. Numerous distinct species have been described since then. M. brasiliensis, M. libyca, M. minor, and M. ubangiensis have all been proposed to be synonyms of M. gigas, although Léo Fragoso's 2014 thesis on mawsoniids finds M. brasiliensis valid and cautions against synonymizing M. minor without further examination. Several recent publications consider M. brasiliensis to be valid as well. Although initially considered to belong to this genus, "Mawsonia" lavocati is most likely referable to Axelrodichthys instead.
Salminus, popularly known as dorado or dourado, is a genus of relatively large, predatory freshwater fish from the family Characidae. They are native to large tropical and subtropical rivers in South America, and undertake migrations during the rainy season to spawn. They are very popular among recreational anglers and also support important commercial fisheries.
Stellifer is a genus of fish in the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is found in New World waters. Many species are known commonly as stardrums.
Knoutsodonta is a genus of dorid nudibranchs in the family Onchidorididae. The radular teeth are an unusual shape and a molecular phylogeny study showed that they are not closely related to some other species of Onchidoris within which genus they were formerly placed.
Knoutsodonta brasiliensis is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Cucullanus is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The genus includes more than 100 species.
Bembropinae is a subfamily of duckbill fishes from the family Percophidae.
Chrionema is a genus of fish from the duckbill family Percophidae.
Hemerocoetinae is a subfamily of percomorph bony fishes, they are part of the duckbill family Percophidae.
Acanthaphritis is a genus of bony fish which are part of the subfamily Hemerocoetinae of the duckbill family Percophidae. They have an Indo-Pacific distribution.
Osopsaron is a genus of duckbill fishes.
Squamicreedia is a genus of duckbill from the family Percophidae. It is endemic to waters with sandy sea beds off northern Australia.. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single species, Squamicreedia obtusa, the obtuse duckbill or obtuse sandfish.
Pinguipes is a small genus of sandperches belonging to the fish family Pinguipedidae found in waters off South America.
