Bucculatrix thoracella

Last updated

Bucculatrix thoracella
Bucculatrix thoracella.jpg
Bucculatrix thoracella E-MK-16501a.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Bucculatricidae
Genus: Bucculatrix
Species:
B. thoracella
Binomial name
Bucculatrix thoracella
(Thunberg, 1794) [1]
Synonyms
  • Tinea thoracellaThunberg, 1794 [2]
  • Elachista hippocastanellaDuponchel, 1840 [3]
  • Bucculatrix thoracella var. luteiciliellaTengström

Bucculatrix thoracella, the lime bent-wing, [4] is species of moth in the family Bucculatricidae, and was first described in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg as Tinea thoracella. [2] It is found throughout Europe with exception of Ireland and the Balkan Peninsula, [4] and in Japan, where it occurs on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu. [5]

Contents

Appearance

Adult specimens of Bucculatrix thoracella are small, with a wingspan of 6–8 mm, and have a wing pattern of dark brown blotches on a yellow base, with a brown line extending to the wing's edge. [6] Larvae have a pale, greenish yellow body and a pale yellow head. [3] Pupae are a dark, cloudy brown, [1] and are covered by a strongly ribbed white, yellowish or greyish brown cocoon. [4]

Behaviour

In continental Europe, Bucculatrix thoracella occurs in two generations per year, whereas it is generally univoltine in most of Britain. [3] It overwinters as a pupa, either on the host plant's trunk or in leaf litter. [7] Adults are on wing in June and sometimes August in Britain, [6] while in continental Europe they are on wing from April to May and from July to August. [8] Eggs are left on the underside of leaves, often at a vein angle. [3]

Larvae

Larvae feed mainly on species of lime tree (Tilia spp.) and less commonly on maple species (Acer spp.), [9] but infrequent records of a variety of other host plants exist. [4] During the first larval stadium, they mine their host plant's leaves, [9] resulting in a small, hook-like mine. [9] The mine starts with a small blotch at the angle of leaf veins, then follows in a straight line along the vein, eventually turning away and forming a hook-like shape. [3] When the larva emerges from its mine, it moults in a smooth cocoonet. [9] [4] Afterwards, it feeds externally from the leaf's underside, eating out windows in the leaf. [3] [9]

Host plants

Per Plant Parasites of Europe, known host plants include multiple species of maple ( Acer campestre , Acer platanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus ); Aesculus hippocastanum ; Alnus ; Betula ; Carpinus betulus ; Castanea sativa ; Fagus sylvatica ; Sorbus ; and several species of lime tree ( Tilia cordata , Tilia × euchlora , Tilia × europaea , Tilia platyphyllos and Tilia tomentosa ). [4] Kobayashi, Hirowatari & Kuroko (2010) additionally report Tilia japonica . [5] In parts of its range, it is found solely or nearly so [lower-alpha 1] on Tilia spp. [4] Within Great-Britain, a preference exists for Tilia cordata over Tilia × europaea where both are present. [3]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ solely: Netherlands, Britain; almost solely: Belgium

Related Research Articles

<i>Tilia</i> Plant genus

Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain and Ireland they are commonly called lime trees, although they are not related to the citrus lime. The genus occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but the greatest species diversity is found in Asia. In Chinese, "椴/duàn" or "椴樹/duànshù" is a general term for Tilia species. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

<i>Tilia cordata</i> Species of tree

Tilia cordata, the small-leaved lime or small-leaved linden, is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae, native to much of Europe. Other common names include little-leaf or littleleaf linden, or traditionally in South East England, pry or pry tree. Its range extends from Britain through mainland Europe to the Caucasus and western Asia. In the south of its range it is restricted to high elevations.

<i>Tilia platyphyllos</i> Species of tree

Tilia platyphyllos, the large-leaved lime or large-leaved linden, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae (Tiliaceae). It is a deciduous tree, native to much of Europe, including locally in southwestern Great Britain, growing on lime-rich soils. The common names largeleaf linden and large-leaved linden are in standard use throughout the English-speaking world except in the British Isles, where it is known as large-leaved lime. The name "lime", possibly a corruption of "line" originally from "lind", has been in use for centuries and also attaches to other species of Tilia. It is not, however, closely related to the lime fruit tree, a species of citrus.

<i>Tilia <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> europaea</i> Species of flowering plant

Tilia × europaea, generally known as the European lime, common lime or common linden, is a naturally occurring hybrid between Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos. It occurs in the wild in Europe at scattered localities wherever the two parent species are both native. It is not closely related to the lime fruit tree, a species of citrus.

<i>Bucculatrix frangutella</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix frangutella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1783. It is found in Europe.

<i>Roeslerstammia erxlebella</i> Species of moth

Roeslerstammia erxlebella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in all of Europe, east to Japan.

<i>Bucculatrix cristatella</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix cristatella is a species of moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in most of Europe. It was described in 1839 by Philipp Christoph Zeller.

<i>Bucculatrix maritima</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix maritima is a species of moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in most of Europe, Russia and Japan. It was first described in 1851 by Henry Tibbats Stainton.

Bucculatrix pyrivorella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in Japan, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East. It was described in 1964 by Hiroshi Kuroko.

<i>Bucculatrix ulmella</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix ulmella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in most of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula, Slovenia and Bulgaria. It was first described in 1848 by Philipp Christoph Zeller.

<i>Bucculatrix bechsteinella</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix bechsteinella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Johann Matthäus Bechstein and Georg Ludwig Scharfenberg in 1805. It is found in most of Europe, except Greece and Bulgaria.

<i>Bucculatrix demaryella</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix demaryella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. The species was first described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1840. It is found in most of Europe, Russia and Japan.

<i>Bucculatrix noltei</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix noltei is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It is found from Finland to Belgium, Italy and the Crimea and from the Netherlands to Central Russia. It was described by August Arthur Petry in 1912.

<i>Bucculatrix ulmifoliae</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix ulmifoliae is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Erich Martin Hering in 1931. It is found in Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, central and eastern Europe. It has also been recorded from Iran.

Bucculatrix improvisa is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1963 and is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Ohio.

Bucculatrix muraseae is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Shigeki Kobayashi, Toshiya Hirowatari and Hiroshi Kuroko in 2010. It is found in Japan.

Bucculatrix tsurubamella is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Shigeki Kobayashi, Toshiya Hirowatari and Hiroshi Kuroko in 2010. It is found on Honshu, the main island of Japan.

Bucculatrix hamaboella is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Shigeki Kobayashi, Toshiya Hirowatari and Hiroshi Kuroko in 2009. It is found in Japan (Honshu).

Bucculatrix univoca is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in Japan, Taiwan and India.

References

  1. 1 2 Patočka, Jan; Turčáni, Marek (2005). Lepidoptera pupae: Central European species. Vol. Text volume. Apollo Books. p. 72. ISBN   87-88757-47-1.
  2. 1 2 "Bucculatrix thoracella (Thunberg, 1794) | Fauna Europaea". fauna-eu.org. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Heath, John; Emmet, A. Maitland, eds. (1985). Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland 2: Cossidae - Heliodinidae. Harley Books. p. 236. ISBN   0946589194.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ellis, W.N. "Bucculatrix thoracella". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  5. 1 2 Kobayashi, Shigeki; Hirowatari, Toshiya; Kuroko, Hiroshi (2010). "A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera)". Lepidoptera Science. 61 (1): 38. doi:10.18984/lepid.61.1_1 . Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  6. 1 2 Kimber, Ian. "Bucculatrix thoracella". UKMoths. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  7. ↑ "14.009 Bucculatrix thoracella (Thunberg, 1794)". British leafminers. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  8. ↑ "Bucculatrix thoracella (Thunberg, 1794)". Werkgroep Bladmineerders - Bladminerende Lepidoptera van België (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Hering, E.M. (2013). Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbeckens und der Kanarischen Inseln (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 20. ISBN   9789401037020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.