Distribution
Caddids are widely but discontinuously distributed. In the subfamily Caddinae, Caddo is found in eastern North America and Japan with the Kuril Islands. Other similar lineages have previously been grouped together ias a wider concept of Caddidae (After Shear, 1974). Notable some previously in a second subfamily Acropsopilioninae have since been restored to their own family Acropsopilionidae. These are now placed within the Suborder Dyspnoi, as originally established by Roewer, 1923. The lineage includes Acropsopilio from scattered localities in the Americas, Australia and New Zealand. Also they include Austropsopilio from Chile, eastern Australia & Tasmania and with those from the latter locality being treated by some as Tasmanopilio . Also it now includes Caddella, which is endemic to southern South Africa.
Another genus Hesperopilio, with species from Australia and Chile, has also historically been included in a wider concept of Caddidae, remains in the Suborder Dyspnoi, but has since been transferred to Phalangioidea, although not clearly placed in any established family.
Under the previous wider concept of Caddidae, the complex pattern of biogeography suggested that separation occurred in several steps: during the Neogene (eastern North America and Japan); at the beginning or before the Tertiary (South America and Australia), and during the time of Gondwana (Africa and Australia). [4] However, the diversification of lineages requires future re-interpretation for the updated taxonomic framework.
The Opiliones are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. As of April 2017, over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014.
Laniatores is the largest suborder of the arachnid order Opiliones with over 4,000 described species worldwide. The majority of the species are highly dependent on humid environments and usually correlated with tropical and temperate forest habitats.
The Eupnoi are a suborder of harvestmen, with more than 200 genera, and about 1,700 described species.
Dyspnoi is a suborder of harvestmen, currently comprising 43 extant genera and 356 extant species, although more species are expected to be described in the future. The eight families are currently grouped into three superfamilies: the Acropsopilionoidea, Ischyropsalidioidea, and Troguloidea.
Cyphophthalmi is a suborder of harvestmen, colloquially known as mite harvestmen. Cyphophthalmi comprises 36 genera, and more than two hundred described species. The six families are currently grouped into three infraorders: the Boreophthalmi, Scopulophthalmi, and Sternophthalmi.
The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 30 described species.
The Neogoveidae are a family of harvestmen with 27 described species in eight genera. However, eight species of Huitaca, 17 species of Metagovea and 12 species of Neogovea are currently awaiting description.
The Stylocellidae are a family of harvestmen with about 30 described species, all of which occur from India to New Guinea. Members of this family are from one to seven millimeters long. While Stylocellus species have eyes, these are absent in the other two genera.
An ozopore is the opening of a defensive gland present in some arthropods, notably in millipedes of the order Polydesmida and in harvestmen, the eight-legged arachnids also known as "daddy long-legs". The glands themselves are known as ozadenes, also called "scent glands", "repugnatorial glands", "odoriferous glands" or "stink glands" by various authors. The name is derived from Ancient Greek ozo "smell" and Latin porus "pore, small opening".
Nipponopsalididae is a family of harvestmen with three described species in one genus, Nipponopsalis, which is found in East Asia.
The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.
Nemastomoides is an extinct genus of harvestmen known from the Carboniferous fossil record. The genus is the only member of the family Nemastomoididae and contains three described species. Nemastomoides elaveris was found in the Coal Measures of Commentry in northern France, together with Eotrogulus fayoli.
The Ceratolasmatidae are a family of harvestmen with eleven described species.
The Cranaidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores.
The Fissiphalliidae are a small neotropical family of harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores.
Harvestmen (Opiliones) are an order of arachnids often confused with spiders, though the two orders are not closely related. Research on harvestman phylogeny is in a state of flux. While some families are clearly monophyletic, that is share a common ancestor, others are not, and the relationships between families are often not well understood.
Caddo is a genus of harvestmen in the family Caddidae. There are two described species in Caddo. Both species are found in North America and Eastern Asia.
Acropsopilionidae is a family of harvestmen with 19 described species in 3 genera.
Ortholasmatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with 27 described species in 7 genera. They are found in temperate and often mountainous regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Acropsopilionoidea is a superfamily of harvestmen with 1 family and 3 genera, found in North America and the Southern Hemisphere.
This page is based on this
Wikipedia article Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
