Dyspnoi

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Dyspnoi
Temporal range: Carboniferous–present
Opiliones, Dyspnoi, F. Sabaconidae, Sabicon cavicolens (2278894684).jpg
Sabacon cavicolens
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Opiliones
Suborder: Dyspnoi
Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
Superfamilies

Acropsopilionoidea
Ischyropsalidoidea
Troguloidea

Diversity
8 families, 356 species

Dyspnoi is a suborder of harvestmen, currently comprising 43 extant genera and 356 extant species, although more species are expected to be described in the future. The eight families are currently grouped into three superfamilies: the Acropsopilionoidea, Ischyropsalidioidea, and Troguloidea.

Contents

Distribution

The Dyspnoi are one of the most biogeographically conserved higher groups of harvestmen. With the exception of Acropsopilioidea, none occur in the Southern Hemisphere, and most families are restricted along temperate regions. The only exceptions are some Ortholasmatinae (Nemastomatidae) inhabiting the tropics on high mountains in Mexico ( Ortholasma bolivari ) and northern Thailand ( Dendrolasma angka ).

Systematics

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opiliones</span> Order of arachnids (harvestmen/daddy longlegs)

The Opiliones are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. As of April 2017, over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014.

<i>Sabacon</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Sabacon is a genus of the monotypic harvestman family Sabaconidae, with 59 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ischyropsalididae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ischyropsalididae is a family of harvestmen with 35 described species in 3 genera, found in Europe and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemastomatidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.

Crosbycus is a potentially monotypic genus of harvestmen in the family Taracidae, with one species found in North America as of 2023, per the World Catalog of Opiliones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taracidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Taracidae is a family of harvestmen in the order Opiliones. There are 4 genera and 23 described species in Taracidae.

Cladolasma, is a genus of harvestmen belonging to the family Nemastomatidae. The genus is monotypic containing a single species Cladolasma parvulum. They are endemic to Japan, with records in Ehime and Tokushima Prefectures. The genus was described by Seisho Suzuki, with the type species Cladolasma parvulum Suzuki, 1963, subsequently revised to Dendrolasma parvulum in Suzuki (1974), but later restored as a valid genus.

Asiolasma damingshan, is a species of harvestman belonging to the family Nemastomatidae. It is endemic to Guangxi Autonomous Region. China. It was initially described in the genus Cladolasma before being redefined within Asiolasma when that genus was newly described.

<i>Ortholasma</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ortholasma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with 5 described species. The genus has been revised by Shear (2010).

<i>Dendrolasma</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Dendrolasma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with two described species. Both species are found in the western coast of North America. An overview of their taxonomy was provided by Schönhofer (2013).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ortholasmatinae</span> Subfamily of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ortholasmatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with 27 described species in 7 genera. They are found in temperate and often mountainous regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Hazinia is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with 2 described species from the Balkans.

Giljarovia is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with 11 described species from the Caucasus region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemastomatinae</span> Subfamily of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Nemastomatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen with over 125 described species in 19 (extant) genera. They are usually found in temperate regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ischyropsalidoidea</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ischyropsalidoidea is a superfamily of harvestmen with 9 genera, found in Europe and North America.

Asiolasma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with six described species . The species are found in Southeast Asia, namely China, Vietnam and Thailand. Some species are treated under other genera in Schönhofer (2013).

Martensolasma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with two described species . Both species are found in Mexico. The type species was include in catalog by Schönhofer (2013). The genus Martensolasma was described by William Shear, with the type species Martensolasma jocheni Shear, 2006. A second species was later added to the genus by Cruz-López, 2017.

Troguloidea is a superfamily of harvestmen with 4 genera, found mostly in Europe, Asia, and North America.

Trilasma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae with nine described species . The species are mainly found in Mexico.

References

  1. ↑ Groh, Selina; Giribet, Gonzalo (2014-06-26). "Polyphyly of Caddoidea, reinstatement of the family Acropsopilionidae in Dyspnoi, and a revised classification system of Palpatores (Arachnida, Opiliones)". Cladistics. 31 (3): 277–290. doi: 10.1111/cla.12087 . ISSN   0748-3007. PMID   34772266. S2CID   85408627.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Schönhofer, Axel L. (2013). "A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)". Zootaxa. 3679: 1–68. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3679.1.1 . PMID   26146693. Archived from the original on 2018-10-28. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  3. 1 2 3 Shear, William A.; Warfel, Joseph G. (2016). "The harvestman genus Taracus Simon 1879, and the new genus Oskoron (Opiliones: Ischyropsalidoidea: Taracidae)". Zootaxa. 4180 (1): 1–71. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4180.1.1. PMID   27811667. Archived from the original on 2018-10-28. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  4. ↑ Hedin, Marshal; Richart, Casey (2013-06-20). "Three new species in the harvestmen genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Ischyropsalidoidea), including description of male Acuclavella quattuor Shear, 1986". ZooKeys (311): 19–68. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.311.2920 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   3698555 . PMID   23825441. Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  5. ↑ Hedin, Marshal; Martens, Jochen; Vernesi, Cristiano; Schönhofer, Axel L. (2015). "Molecular phylogeny, biogeographic history, and evolution of cave-dwelling taxa in the European harvestman genus Ischyropsalis (Opiliones: Dyspnoi)". The Journal of Arachnology. 43 (1): 40–53. doi:10.1636/H14-39.1. hdl: 10449/25603 . ISSN   0161-8202. S2CID   84835826. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  6. ↑ Martens, J. (2015). "Sabacon Simon, 1879 in the Palaearctic: A survey of new and known species from France, Nepal, India, China, Russia and Japan (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sabaconidae)". In Hartmann, M.; Weipert, J. (eds.). Biodiversity and Natural Heritage of the Himalaya V. Germany: Naturkundemuseum Erfurt. pp. 167–210. Archived from the original on 2018-10-28.
  7. ↑ Zhao, Li Kun; Martens, Jochen; Zhang, Chao (2018). "Two new species of Sabacon Simon, 1879 (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Sabaconidae) from Yunnan Province, China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4379 (2): 199–214. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4379.2.3. PMID   29689984. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  8. ↑ Shear, William A. (2018). "Taracus aspenae, n. sp. (Opiliones: Taracidae) a new long-jawed harvestman from a cave in northeastern Oregon, U.S.A". Zootaxa. 4413 (3): 524–530. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4413.3.6. PMID   29690099. Archived from the original on 2018-10-28. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  9. ↑ Snegovaya, Nataly; Kurt, Kemal; Yağmur, Ersen (2016-06-01). "Mediostoma izmirica sp. nov.: A new harvestman species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae) from Turkey". Turkish Journal of Zoology. 40: 489–498. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1412-10 .
  10. ↑ "A new species of the genus Giljarovia Kratochvil, 1959 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) from the Crimea". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  11. ↑ "Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  12. ↑ "Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  13. ↑ "Nemaspela ladae sp n., a new troglobitic nemastomatid (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from a Dinaric cave | Request PDF". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  14. ↑ "On Starengovia Snegovaya, a genus of Asian nemastomatines (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  15. ↑ Zhang, Chao; Martens, Jochen (2018). "Ancient home or in exile? The easternmost species of genus Starengovia Snegovaya, 2010 found in China (Opiliones, Nemastomatidae, Nemastomatinae)". ZooKeys (770): 105–115. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.770.25491 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   6041357 . PMID   30002591.
  16. ↑ "Sinostoma yunnanicum, the first nemastomatine harvestman in China (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) | Request PDF". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  17. ↑ Cruz López, Jesús Alberto (2017-10-26). "A second species of the genus Martensolasma (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from Mexico". Zootaxa. 4338 (3): 526–532. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.7. PMID   29245716. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  18. ↑ Zhang, Chao; Zhang, Feng (2013-07-23). "Description of a new Cladolasma (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae: Ortholasmatinae) species from China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3691 (4): 443–52. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3691.4.3. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   26167596. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  19. ↑ Zhang, Feng; Zhao, Likun; Zhang, Chao (2018). "Cladolasma ailaoshan, a new species of the genus Cladolasma Suzuki, 1963 from China (Opiliones, Nemastomatidae, Ortholasmatinae)" (PDF). ZooKeys (748): 11–20. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.748.23273 . ISSN   1313-2989. PMC   5904526 . PMID   29674910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  20. ↑ Cruz-López, Jesús A.; Cruz-Bonilla, Akeri; Francke, Oscar F. (2018-10-03). "Molecules and morphology reveal a new aberrant harvestman genus of Ortholasmatinae (Opiliones, Dypsnoi, Nemastomatidae) from Mexico". Systematics and Biodiversity. 16 (7): 714–729. doi:10.1080/14772000.2018.1476416. ISSN   1477-2000. S2CID   91732391. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-24– via ResearchGate.
  21. ↑ "An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  22. ↑ "Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2019-05-23.

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