Trogulidae Temporal range: | |
---|---|
Trogulus tricarinatus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Opiliones |
Suborder: | Dyspnoi |
Superfamily: | Troguloidea |
Family: | Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 |
Genera | |
Diversity | |
6 genera, 65 species | |
Approximate natural range of Trogulidae |
Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen comprising 65 extant species (plus 1 extinct) in five genera.
Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. In most genera, the body is somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps. [1]
Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus , a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America. [1]
The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from the Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance. [1]
The known genera and species in Trogulidae as of 2023 are: [2] [3] [4]
See also extinct:
Plus see unknown:
Opilio is a genus of harvestmen with 35 known species.
The Phalangiidae are a family of harvestmen with about 380 known species. The best known is Phalangium opilio. Dicranopalpus ramosus is an invasive species in Europe.
The Sclerosomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 1,300 known species. One former subfamily has been recently removed to form a new family, Globipedidae.
Leiobunum is a genus of the harvestman family Sclerosomatidae with more than 100 described species. Contrary to popular belief, they are not spiders, although they share a resemblance. They are arachnids, in the order Opiliones, harvestmen. Species in Leiobunum tend to have relatively long legs compared with other harvestmen, and some species are gregarious.
Sabacon is a genus of the monotypic harvestman family Sabaconidae, with 59 species.
The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.
Ischyropsalididae is a family of harvestmen with 35 described species in 3 genera, found in Europe and North America.
The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.
The Dicranolasmatidae are a monotypic family of harvestmen with 16 described species in a single genus, Dicranolasma.
Samoidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about fifty described species.
Biantidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about 130 described species.
Platybunus is a genus of harvestmen in the family Phalangiidae.
Crosbycus is a potentially monotypic genus of harvestmen in the family Taracidae, with one species found in North America as of 2023, per the World Catalog of Opiliones.
Ischyropsalis is a genus of harvestmen in the monotypic family Ischyropsalididae, with 24 described species. They are found in Europe.
Nemastomatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen with over 125 described species in 19 (extant) genera. They are usually found in temperate regions.
Anelasmocephalus is a genus of harvestmen belonging to the family Trogulidae.
Troguloidea is a superfamily of harvestmen with 4 genera, found mostly in Europe, Asia, and North America.
Trogulus torosus is a species of large harvestman occurring in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Montenegro. It is the largest harvestman in the world by body length, up to 23.2 mm.
Trogulus is a genus of Opiliones in the family Trogulidae. Harvestmen in the genus have large, elongated and flattened bodies and a two-segmented tarsus segment on leg II, which distinguishes them from other genera in the family Trogulidae. The legs tend to be short compared to most harvestmen. External morphology tends to be very uniform across species in the genus, making differentiation of species difficult. Species occur in a range of habitats, but are most common in forests where their primary prey, snails, are abundant. Trogulus contains the largest known harvestman by body length, Trogulus torosus.