Trogulidae

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Trogulidae
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
Trogulus tricarinatus.jpg
Trogulus tricarinatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Opiliones
Suborder: Dyspnoi
Superfamily: Troguloidea
Family: Trogulidae
Sundevall, 1833
Genera
Diversity
6 genera, 65 species
Distribution.trogulidae.1.png
Approximate natural range of Trogulidae

Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen comprising 65 extant species (plus 1 extinct) in five genera.

Contents

Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. In most genera, the body is somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps. [1]

Distribution

Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus , a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America. [1]

Name

The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from the Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance. [1]

Species

The known genera and species in Trogulidae as of 2023 are: [2] [3] [4]

See also extinct:

Plus see unknown:

Related Research Articles

<i>Opilio</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Opilio is a genus of harvestmen with 35 known species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phalangiidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Phalangiidae are a family of harvestmen with about 380 known species. The best known is Phalangium opilio. Dicranopalpus ramosus is an invasive species in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sclerosomatidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Sclerosomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 1,300 known species. One former subfamily has been recently removed to form a new family, Globipedidae.

<i>Leiobunum</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Leiobunum is a genus of the harvestman family Sclerosomatidae with more than 100 described species. Contrary to popular belief, they are not spiders, although they share a resemblance. They are arachnids, in the order Opiliones, harvestmen. Species in Leiobunum tend to have relatively long legs compared with other harvestmen, and some species are gregarious.

<i>Sabacon</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Sabacon is a genus of the monotypic harvestman family Sabaconidae, with 59 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sironidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ischyropsalididae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ischyropsalididae is a family of harvestmen with 35 described species in 3 genera, found in Europe and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemastomatidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.

<i>Dicranolasma</i> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Dicranolasmatidae are a monotypic family of harvestmen with 16 described species in a single genus, Dicranolasma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samoidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Samoidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about fifty described species.

Biantidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about 130 described species.

<i>Platybunus</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Platybunus is a genus of harvestmen in the family Phalangiidae.

Crosbycus is a potentially monotypic genus of harvestmen in the family Taracidae, with one species found in North America as of 2023, per the World Catalog of Opiliones.

<i>Ischyropsalis</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ischyropsalis is a genus of harvestmen in the monotypic family Ischyropsalididae, with 24 described species. They are found in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemastomatinae</span> Subfamily of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Nemastomatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen with over 125 described species in 19 (extant) genera. They are usually found in temperate regions.

<i>Anelasmocephalus</i> Genus of harvestmen

Anelasmocephalus is a genus of harvestmen belonging to the family Trogulidae.

Troguloidea is a superfamily of harvestmen with 4 genera, found mostly in Europe, Asia, and North America.

<i>Trogulus torosus</i> Species of harvestman

Trogulus torosus is a species of large harvestman occurring in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Montenegro. It is the largest harvestman in the world by body length, up to 23.2 mm.

<i>Trogulus</i> Genus of harvestmen

Trogulus is a genus of Opiliones in the family Trogulidae. Harvestmen in the genus have large, elongated and flattened bodies and a two-segmented tarsus segment on leg II, which distinguishes them from other genera in the family Trogulidae. The legs tend to be short compared to most harvestmen. External morphology tends to be very uniform across species in the genus, making differentiation of species difficult. Species occur in a range of habitats, but are most common in forests where their primary prey, snails, are abundant. Trogulus contains the largest known harvestman by body length, Trogulus torosus.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 157ff
  2. "A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  3. Chemeris, A.N. (2013) Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum. Arthropoda Selecta
  4. "Trogulidae". Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved 2023-12-15.

Further reading