Calycadenia

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Calycadenia
Calycadenia multiglandulosa2836.jpg
Calycadenia multiglandulosa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Madieae
Subtribe: Madiinae
Genus: Calycadenia
DC.

Calycadenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, [1] [2] known commonly as the western rosinweeds. [3] They are native to California, especially around the Central Valley. [4] The ranges of two species (C. fremontii + C. truncata) do extend north into Oregon. [5] [6]

Contents

Description

These are annual herbs variable in size from just a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are aromatic. The leaves are alternately arranged except in C. oppositifolia , in which they are opposite. The leaves are narrow and linear in shape, resembling grass leaves. They sometimes have slightly toothed edges. Flower heads are solitary or borne in open arrays or clusters in the leaf axils. The peduncles that hold the flower heads have bracts with one or more tack-shaped glands. The head usually has one or more phyllaries stuck to the ray florets; these often have similar tack-shaped glands. There are one to six ray florets on the head, each with 3 lobes at the tip. They are white, cream, pink, or yellow, and some have a dark red spot near the base. There are up to 25 disc florets in shades of white, cream, pink, or yellow, with anthers that are usually purple or black, sometimes yellow or brown. The fruit is an angular cypsela. Fruits from the disc flowers usually have pappi made up of several scales. [4] [5] [7]

The gland-dotted bracts on the peduncles are a distinguishing character of the genus. [4] The name Calycadenia comes from the Greek calyx ("cup") and aden ("gland"), and references the tack-shaped glands on these bracts and the phyllaries. [7]

Biology

Most of the species are self-incompatible. [7] The biology of the genus is variable; several species have races that differ in chromosome count but not much in morphology, while several others have races that are different in morphology but all have the same chromosome count. [7]

Species

Species [3] [4] [5] [8] [9]
formerly included [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Ionactis</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Ionactis, common name stiff-leaved asters or ankle-asters, is a small genus of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. These aster-like plants are endemic to North America. One species is widespread across much of the eastern half of the continent, while two others are rare endemics with very restricted ranges.

<i>Euthamia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Euthamia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are known as goldentops and grass-leaved goldenrods.

<i>Eurybia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Eurybia is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae that were previously included in the genus Aster. Most species are native to North America, although one is also present in northern Eurasia. There are 23 species in the genus, including 1 natural hybrid. The name was first applied by Alexandre de Cassini in 1820. The name is derived from Ancient Greek εὐρύς (eurús), meaning "wide", and βαιός (baiós), meaning "few", perhaps in reference to the small number of relatively wide ray florets.

<i>Berlandiera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Berlandiera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Calycadenia fremontii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Frémont's western rosinweed. It is native to southwestern Oregon and northern California. It is a common member of the flora in several types of habitat in the mountains, foothills, and valleys. This annual plant is variable in appearance.

Calycadenia hooveri is a California species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Hoover's western rosinweed. It is endemic to a short portion of the western Sierra Nevada foothills, where it grows in rocky areas in the hills along from Amador County to Madera County.

Calycadenia mollis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name soft western rosinweed. It is native to a section of central California, from Tuolumne County do northern Tulare County. There are also isolated populations farther north in Nevada County. The plant grows in a number of habitat types in the Central Valley and adjacent Sierra Nevada foothills.

<i>Calycadenia multiglandulosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Calycadenia multiglandulosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names sticky calycadenia and sticky western rosinweed. It is endemic to California, where it is a common in the Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada Foothills from Shasta County to Kern County.

Calycadenia oppositifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Butte County western rosinweed. It is native primarily to Butte County, California, although a few populations have been found in other parts of the state. It grows in the foothills of the high mountain ranges.

Calycadenia pauciflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name smallflower western rosinweed. It is endemic to northern California, where it grows in the Coast Ranges north of the San Francisco Bay Area from Napa County to Tehama County, often on serpentine soils.

Calycadenia spicata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name spiked western rosinweed. It is endemic to central California, where is a common grassland plant in the Central Valley and adjacent Sierra Nevada foothills from Butte County to Kern County.

Calycadenia truncata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Oregon western rosinweed. It is native to western North America.

<i>Calycadenia villosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Calycadenia villosa is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name dwarf western rosinweed. It is endemic to central California, where it is known from a limited distribution in the Central Coast Ranges in Monterey County and San Luis Obispo County, with a few populations in Santa Barbara and western Fresno Counties. There are perhaps 16 occurrences.

<i>Madia exigua</i> Species of flowering plant

Madia exigua is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names small tarweed and threadstem madia.

<i>Osmadenia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Osmadenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains the single species Osmadenia tenella, which is known by the common name false rosinweed.

<i>Simsia calva</i> Species of plant

Simsia calva, commonly known as the awnless bushsunflower, is a perennial or subshrub that is found in the Southwest United States, as well as Mexico, the West Indies, and both Central and South America.

<i>Symphyotrichum dumosum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America and Hispaniola

Symphyotrichum dumosum is a species of flowering plant of the family Asteraceae commonly known as rice button aster and bushy aster. It is native to much of eastern and central North America, as well as Haiti and Dominican Republic. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach a height of 1 meter.

<i>Balduina uniflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Balduina uniflora, commonly called oneflower honeycombhead, savannah honeycombhead or oneflower balduina, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern United States. It is the type species of the genus Balduina.

<i>Felicia heterophylla</i> A perennial plant in the daisy family from South Africa

Felicia heterophylla is a roughly hairy annual plant in the family Asteraceae. It has alternate leaves of 1–5 cm long with an entire margin or few inconspicuous teeth. The flower heads are set individually at the tip of its stems, and contain a whorl of purplish blue ray florets around a center of blackish blue disk florets. Flower heads appear in winter and spring. It is called true-blue daisy in English and bloublomastertjie in Afrikaans. It is an endemic species that only occurs in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

<i>Felicia tenella</i> A annual or biennial plant in the daisy family from South Africa

Felicia tenella is an annual, sometimes biennial, herbaceous plant that may be slightly woody at its base, of 5–70 cm tall, that is assigned to the family Asteraceae. The species is very variable in size and hairiness. Its branches may be erect or ascending, and the leaves are narrowly line-shaped, 2–5 cm long and about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. The leaves have a callous tip, lack visible nerves, and are mostly rigidly ciliate. The flower heads sit individually at the tip of stalks, have an involucre of three whorls of bracts, and about thirty light blue ray florets surrounding many yellow disc florets. Four subspecies are recognised. The species naturally occurs in the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa.

References

  1. Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de. 1836. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta 5: 695 in Latin
  2. Tropicos, Calycadenia DC.
  3. 1 2 Calycadenia. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  4. 1 2 3 4 Carr, G. Calycadenia. Department of Botany. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
  5. 1 2 3 Calycadenia. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  6. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  7. 1 2 3 4 Calycadenia. Flora of North America.
  8. "Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist". Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 2014-11-11.
  9. Calflora taxon reports, University of California
  10. The Plant List, Calycadenia tenella (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray