Calystegia silvatica

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Calystegia silvatica
Calystegia silvatica.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Calystegia
Species:
C. silvatica
Binomial name
Calystegia silvatica

Calystegia silvatica (large bindweed) is the largest species of bindweed and is a strong rampant climber. It is native to southern Europe but has been introduced to many other areas because it is an attractive garden plant. Calystegia silvatica subsp. fraterniflora(Mack. & Bush) Brummitt (short-stalked false bindweed) is native to North America. [1]

Contents

It has large, arrow-shaped leaves and showy white trumpet-shaped flowers up to 9 centimeters in diameter. It is considered a weed in some areas where it has escaped cultivation and now grows wild. It spreads easily via hardy rhizomes. There are several subspecies.

Description

Large bindweed is a glabrous herbaceous perennial that twines in a counter-clockwise direction to a height of up to 5 m. The leaves are arranged alternately on the spiralling stem on petioles up to 15 cm. The leaves are dull green above and paler below, simple and sagittate (arrowhead shaped), up to 15 cm long and up to 9 cm wide. [2]

The flowers are white, sometimes narrowly pink on the outside only, produced from late spring to the end of summer (between July and September in northern Europe). The buds are enclosed by large (4.8 cm long), ovate, green bracteoles pouched at the base; during anthesis they strongly overlap. [3] The open flowers are trumpet-shaped and 6–9 cm diameter. After flowering, the fruit develops as an almost spherical capsule, which is hidden by the bracts. It is 1 cm in diameter, containing two to four large, dark brown or black seeds that are shaped like quartered oranges. [2]

A ripe fruit Calystegia silvatica 2020-02-08 8011.jpg
A ripe fruit
Pink-flowered variety Calystegia silvatica kz4.jpg
Pink-flowered variety

Identification

The best way to separate large bindweed from hedge bindweed (C. sepium) in flower is by the bracteoles, which subtend the flower and wholly or partially encompass the sepals. Large bindweed has short, wider bracteoles which overlap where they meet, whereas hedge bindweed has narrower, longer ones which leave a gap between them, allowing a glimpse of the sepals. [4]

Calystegia sepium bracteoles.jpg Calystegia silvatica bracteoles.jpg
Bracteoles of hedge bindweed (left) and large bindweed (right)

Vegetatively, large bindweed can be distinguished from hedge bindweed by the shape of the sinus - the gap between the lobes at the base of the leaves. The former has a U-shaped sinus, in contrast to the usually V-shaped one in the latter. [5]

Calystegia sepium vs silvatica sinus.jpg
Leaves of hedge (left) and large bindweed (right)

Taxonomy

Common names include "morning glory" (a named which is shared with hundreds of other species) and "giant bindweed". [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Calystegia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the morning glory family Convolvulaceae

Calystegia is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species endemic to California. They are annual or herbaceous perennial twining vines growing 1–5 m tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–10 cm diameter, white or pink, with a sometimes inflated basal epicalyx.

<i>Fallopia convolvulus</i> Species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae

Fallopia convolvulus, the black-bindweed or wild buckwheat, is a fast-growing annual flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae native throughout Europe, Asia and northern Africa.

<i>Calystegia sepium</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae

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<i>Convolvulus arvensis</i> Species of bindweed

Convolvulus arvensis, or field bindweed, is a species of bindweed in the Convolvulaceae native to Europe and Asia. It is a rhizomatous and climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant with stems growing to 0.5–2 metres (1.6–6.6 ft) in length. It is usually found at ground level with small white and pink flowers.

<i>Sagina subulata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Rosa chinensis</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Calystegia soldanella</i> Species of morning glory

Calystegia soldanella is a species of bindweed known by various common names such as sea bindweed, seashore false bindweed, shore bindweed, shore convolvulus and beach morning glory.

<i>Stellaria neglecta</i> Species of flowering plant in the carnation family Caryophyllaceae

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<i>Stachys arvensis</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Calystegia affinis</i> Species of flowering plants in the morning glory family Convolvulaceae

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<i>Hypericum humifusum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

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<i>Silaum silaus</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Hewittia malabarica</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Fumaria purpurea</i> Species of plant in the poppy family

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<i>Oenanthe lachenalii</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Oenanthe silaifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

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References

  1. Germplasm Resources Information Network. Beltsville (MD): United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  2. 1 2 Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (2009). Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, vol 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Stace, C.A. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles. Suffolk. ISBN   978-1-5272-2630-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. Rich, T.C.G. (1998). Plant Crib. London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
  5. Poland, John; Clement, Eric (2009). The Vegetative Key to the British Flora. Southampton: John Poland. ISBN   978-0-9560144-0-5.
  6. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.