Campaign Zero

Last updated
Campaign Zero
PurposePolice reform
Website joincampaignzero.org

Campaign Zero is an American [1] police reform campaign launched on August 21, 2015. [2] The plan consists of ten proposals, all of which are aimed at reducing police violence. [3] The campaign's planning team includes Brittany Packnett, Samuel Sinyangwe, DeRay Mckesson, and Johnetta Elzie. [4] [5] The activists who produced the proposals did so in response to critics who asked them to make specific policy proposals. [3] Subsequent critics of Campaign Zero and of their 8 Can't Wait project point out that some of the policies it recommends are already in place as best practice policies at many police departments. Some of these include the Milwaukee policing survey [6] and the PRIDE act. [7] [8] However, a 2016 study by Campaign Zero found that only three of the eight policy recommendations were adopted by the average police department and that no law enforcement agency had adopted all eight. [8]

Contents

Platform

Since its inception, Campaign Zero has collected and proposed policy solutions for police reform in ten areas. [9]

  1. End Broken Windows Policing: decriminalize crimes that do not threaten public safety, end profiling and stop and frisk policies, and establish alternative approaches to mental health crises. [10]
  2. Community Oversight: establish effective civilian oversight structures and remove barriers to report police misconduct. [11]
  3. Limit Use of Force: establish standards and reporting of police use of deadly force, revise local police force policies, end traffic-related police killings and high-speed chases, and monitor how police use force and increase accountability for use of excessive force. [12]
  4. Independent Investigations and Prosecutions: lower the standard of proof in civil rights cases against police, use federal funds for independent investigations and prosecutions, establish a State Special Prosecutor's Office for police violence cases, and require independent investigations for all police killing or serious injury cases. [13]
  5. Community Representation: recruit police officers who represent the demographic characteristics of their communities and use community feedback to inform policies. [14]
  6. Film the Police: uphold the public's right to record police. From its inception in 2015 through November 2020, Campaign Zero also urged municipalities to require police body cameras and enact strict policies governing their use. [15] In November 2020, however, it added a disclaimer reading: "Due to a range of research studies finding no evidence that body cameras reduce police use of force, we caution cities against adopting new body camera programs." [16]
  7. Training: invest in rigorous and sustained training and consider unconscious/implicit bias testing. [17]
  8. End Policing for Profit: end police department quotas, limit fines and fees for low-income citizens, forbid property seizure, and require police budgets to pay for misconduct fines. [18]
  9. Demilitarization: end the federal government's 1033 Program to supply military weaponry to local police departments and institute local restrictions to prevent the purchase of military weapons by police. [19]
  10. Fair Police Contracts: remove barriers to misconduct investigations and civilian oversight, keep officer disciplinary history accessible to police departments and to the public, and ensure financial accountability for officers and police departments that kill or seriously injure civilians. [20]

Campaign

Arriving on the heels of protests in Ferguson, New York, Baltimore, and elsewhere over cases of civilians being killed by police officers, Campaign Zero in August 2015 was launched as a "data-driven platform" with the goal of ending police brutality. [21] [22] The same team had created the project MappingPoliceViolence.org four months prior, which tracked and mapped incidents of police violence. [23]

In November 2015, the campaign released its first research report, which examined the use of body cameras in police forces in 30 cities and the fairness, transparency, privacy, and accountability associated with body camera policies. [24] Data about the policies of 17 cities is maintained on a live spreadsheet. [25]

In December 2015, the campaign released a second report, a review of police union contracts in 81 cities, along with an associated campaign called "Check the Police" that seeks to mobilize activists to pursue changes in such contracts. [26] [27] The report examined ways in which union contracts delay interrogations, allow officer personnel files to be erased, disqualify complaints, and limit civilian oversight. [28] An actively updated database of contracts and analysis is maintained by the campaign online. [29]

In June 2016, the campaign continued its work on police union contracts with the release of its third report, "Police Union Contracts and Police Bill of Rights Analysis." [30] This report focused on use of force policies and evaluated protections in those policies for civilians. [30] [31]

Reception

Because many of the policies Campaign Zero recommends are already in place in some police departments, Slate contributor Ben Mathis-Lilley has said that with the launch of its site, Campaign Zero "is saying to mainstream politicians: Here are some products that have been sold before—now do your job." [32] Harold Pollack has stated that the document in which the campaign announced its proposals is "a very useful and professional document", and that certain proposals it made, such as increasing police diversity and reducing the use of monetary punishments to raise revenue, seemed "particularly smart." [4]

On January 19, 2016, it was ranked as one of 20 tech insiders defining the 2016 United States presidential election by the staff of Wired. [33]

8 Can't Wait project

In June 2020, in response to the murder of George Floyd, Campaign Zero launched 8 Can't Wait, a database that tracks how eight policies to curtail police violence are employed in major cities. [8] The eight policies are: [34]

  1. Ban chokeholds and strangleholds.
  2. Require de-escalation.
  3. Require a warning before shooting.
  4. Require that all alternatives be exhausted before shooting.
  5. Require officers to intervene when excessive force is being used.
  6. Ban shooting at moving vehicles.
  7. Establish a Force Continuum.
  8. Require comprehensive reporting.

A 2016 study by Campaign Zero found that only three of the eight policy recommendations were adopted by the average police department and that no law enforcement agency had adopted all eight. [8]

A number of celebrities have magnified the #8cantwait hashtag, including Oprah Winfrey and Ariana Grande. [35] Since the project was announced, some cities have responded by enacting all eight policies [36] or indicating that they will review their policies to embrace all eight. [37] Only San Francisco, California and Tucson, Arizona were initially identified by Campaign Zero as implementing all eight policies. [38]

Criticism

While 8 Can't Wait received initial, widespread praise on social media, the news, and within state government, the agenda began receiving skepticism from progressive groups, who criticized the policies as insufficient to tackle the deep, systemic problems of police brutality. Critics of 8 Can't Wait state that police departments in America cannot be "reformed" and instead must be defunded, and that this money should go towards social programs, which they believe better address the root causes of crime. Critics also cite the instances of murder and violence by police officers in cities that have already passed some of the 8 Can't Wait measures. [39]

8 to Abolition, a campaign for the abolition of prisons and police, was created as a direct criticism and response to 8 Can't Wait. [40]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Police brutality</span> Use of excessive force by a police officer

Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, and unwarranted use of tasers.

A police board, police services board, or police commission is an appointed commission of a local government charged with the responsibility of overseeing a local police force. Police boards may be required by government regulation, as they are in most of Canada, or they may be voluntarily formed by individual municipalities.

Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include among others: sexual offences, coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, unwarranted searches, and unwarranted seizure of property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbus Division of Police</span> Law enforcement agency in Columbus, Ohio

The Columbus Division of Police (CPD) is the primary law enforcement agency for the city of Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. It is the largest police department in Ohio, and among the twenty-five largest in the United States. It is composed of twenty precincts and numerous other investigative and support units. Chief Elaine Bryant assumed leadership of the Division in 2021. Special units of the Columbus Division of Police include a Helicopter Unit, Canine Unit, Mounted Unit, Community Response Teams, Marine Park Unit, and Special Weapons and Tactics Team (SWAT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orlando Police Department</span> Police department in Orlando, Florida

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pasadena Police Department (California)</span> Police force in California (USA)

The Pasadena Police Department is the police department serving Pasadena, California. The headquarters of the Pasadena Police Department is located at 207 North Garfield Avenue in Pasadena, just a block from the Pasadena City Hall and Paseo Colorado. The department employs 241 sworn officers, 13 reserve officers, and 126 civilian employees. Police chief John Perez, who spent his entire career with the department, retired and was replaced by former PPD Commander, now interim Chief Jason Clawson. The city has selected former San Gabriel, CA PD Chief Eugene Harris to take the position in January 2023.

Police accountability involves holding both individual police officers, as well as law enforcement agencies responsible for effectively delivering basic services of crime control and maintaining order, while treating individuals fairly and within the bounds of law. Police are expected to uphold laws, regarding due process, search and seizure, arrests, discrimination, as well as other laws relating to equal employment, sexual harassment, etc. Holding police accountable is important for maintaining the public's "faith in the system". Research has shown that the public prefers independent review of complaints against law enforcement, rather than relying on police departments to conduct internal investigations. There is a suggestion that such oversight would improve the public's view on the way in which police officers are held accountable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albuquerque Police Department</span> Municipal police in New Mexico, U.S.

The Albuquerque Police Department (APD) is the municipal law enforcement agency of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is the largest police force in the state, with approximately 1,000 sworn officers in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Police brutality in the United States</span> Use of excessive force by a police officer

Police brutality is the use of excessive or unnecessary force by personnel affiliated with law enforcement duties when dealing with suspects and civilians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Body camera</span> Video camera worn on the body

A body camera, bodycam, body-worn video (BWV), body-worn camera, or wearable camera is a wearable audio, video, or photographic recording system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Police firearm use by country</span>

The use of firearms by police forces varies widely across the world, in part due to differences in gun use policy, civilian firearm laws, and recording of police activity. Police forces may require that officers use warning shots before aiming on-target, officers may need to make verbal warnings before using their firearms, and officers may be prohibited from carrying weapons while performing tasks such as highway patrol where gun use is not expected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Militarization of police</span> Law enforcement using combat methods

The militarization of police is the use of military equipment and tactics by law enforcement officers. This includes the use of armored personnel carriers (APCs), assault rifles, submachine guns, flashbang grenades, sniper rifles, and SWAT teams. The militarization of law enforcement is also associated with intelligence agency–style information gathering aimed at the public and political activists and with a more aggressive style of law enforcement. Criminal justice professor Peter Kraska has defined militarization of police as "the process whereby civilian police increasingly draw from, and pattern themselves around, the tenets of militarism and the military model".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Police reform in the United States</span> Ongoing left-wing political movement

Police reform in the United States is an ongoing process that seeks to reform systems of law enforcement throughout the United States. Many goals of the police reform movement center on police accountability. Specific goals may include: lowering the criminal intent standard, limiting or abolishing qualified immunity for law enforcement officers, sensitivity training, conflict prevention and mediation training, updating legal frameworks, and granting administrative subpoena power to the U.S. Department of Justice for "pattern or practice" investigations into police misconduct and police brutality.

The Ferguson effect is an increase in violent crime rates in a community caused by reduced proactive policing due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police. The Ferguson effect was first proposed after police saw an increase in violence following the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. The term was coined by Doyle Sam Dotson III, the chief of the St. Louis police, to account for an increased murder rate in some U.S. cities following the Ferguson unrest. Whether the Ferguson effect really exists is subject of discussions with many published studies reporting contradicting findings concerning whether there is a change in crime rates, number of 911 calls, homicides, and proactive policing. Furthermore, the effect and influence of the portrayal of police brutality in the media is also contested.

Black Youth Project 100 (BYP100) is an African American youth organization in the United States. Its activities include community organizing, voter mobilization, and other social justice campaigns focused on black, feminist, and queer issues. The national director is D'Atra "Dee Dee" Jackson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel Sinyangwe</span> Data scientist and activist

Samuel Sinyangwe is an American policy analyst and racial justice activist. Sinyangwe is a member of the Movement for Black Lives, the founder of Mapping Police Violence, a database of police killings in the United States and the Police Scorecard, a website with data on police use of force and accountability metrics on US police and sheriff's departments. Sinyangwe is also a co-founder of We the Protestors, a group of digital tools that include Campaign Zero, a policy platform to end police violence and a co-host of the Pod Save the People podcast, where he discusses the week's news with a panel of other activists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</span>

Brittany N. Packnett Cunningham is an American activist and the co-founder of Campaign Zero. She was a member of President Barack Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing. She was previously executive director for Teach for America in St. Louis, Missouri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Police body camera</span> Body cameras used by law enforcement

In policing equipment, a police body camera or 'wearable camera', also known as body worn video (BWV), 'body-worn camera' (BWC), or body camera, is a wearable audio, video, or photographic recording system used by police to record events in which law enforcement officers are involved, from the perspective of the officer wearing it. They are typically worn on the torso of the body, pinned on the officer's uniform. Police body cameras are often similar to body cameras used by civilians, firefighters, or the military, but are designed to address specific requirements related to law enforcement. Body cameras were first worn by police in the United Kingdom in 2005, and have since been adopted by numerous police departments and forces worldwide.

Five government agencies in the city of Chicago are charged with oversight of the Chicago Police Department. These agencies have overlapping authority and their membership is determined through a mix of appointments by the Mayor of Chicago, confirmations by the Chicago City Council, and elections. The agencies were created and reformed over several years as a result of ongoing efforts for civilian oversight of law enforcement and in response to numerous controversies in the police department.

References

  1. ↑ "Campaign Zero Official" . Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  2. ↑ Swaine, Jon (21 August 2015). "Protesters unveil demands for stricter US policing laws as political reach grows". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  3. 1 2 Cornish, Audie (26 August 2015). "Black Lives Matter Publishes 'Campaign Zero' Plan To Reduce Police Violence". NPR. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  4. 1 2 Pollack, Harold (24 August 2015). "A Crime and Policing Expert Critiques Black Lives Matter's Police-Reform Plan". New York Magazine. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  5. ↑ "Planning Team". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  6. ↑ US Senate (2 June 2015). "City of Milwaukee Police Satisfaction Survey" (PDF). Center of Urban Initiatives and Research. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  7. ↑ Joseph Cera and Atiera Coleman (2014). "PRIDE Act". Senate Bill 1476. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Kreps, Daniel (2020-06-04). "Campaign Zero's '8 Can't Wait' Project Aims to Curtail Police Violence". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  9. ↑ "Solutions". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  10. ↑ "End Broken Window Policing". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  11. ↑ "Community Oversight". Campaign Zero. Retrieved Feb 23, 2019.
  12. ↑ "Limit Use of Force". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  13. ↑ "Independent Investigations and Prosections". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  14. ↑ "Community Representation". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  15. ↑ Campaign Zero. "Body Cams/ Film the Police". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  16. ↑ "Body Cams/ Film the Police". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 3 Mar 2022.
  17. ↑ "Training". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  18. ↑ "End Policing For Profit". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  19. ↑ "Demilitarization". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  20. ↑ "Fair Police Contracts". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 23 Feb 2019.
  21. ↑ "The Problem". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  22. ↑ Rao, Sameer (2015-08-24). "DeRay Mckesson, Johnetta Elzie and Co. Launch Campaign Zero To End Police Brutality" . Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  23. ↑ "The Government Won't Track Police Killings, So This 24-Year-Old Took the Lead". Archived from the original on 2016-07-13. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  24. ↑ Naasel, Kenrya Rankin (2015-11-05). "STUDY: How Police Departments Are Really Using Body Cameras" . Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  25. ↑ "Police Body Camera Implementation Report". Campaign Zero. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  26. ↑ Krithika Varagur Associate Editor, What's Working (2015-12-07). "How Black Lives Matter Activists Plan To 'Check The Police'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-06-30.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  27. ↑ "Police Union Contract Project". Check The Police. Archived from the original on 2016-07-07. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  28. ↑ "Police Union Contract Review." Campaign Zero. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  29. ↑ "Police Contracts Database". Check The Police. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  30. 1 2 "Police Union Contracts and Police Bill of Rights Analysis Archived 2016-07-05 at the Wayback Machine ." Campaign Zero. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  31. ↑ "Use of Force Policy Review." Campaign Zero. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  32. ↑ Mathis-Lilley, Ben (21 August 2015). "As of Today, Black Lives Matter Activists Can Point to a Thorough Police Brutality Reform Plan". Slate. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  33. ↑ Staff (19 January 2016). "Meet the 20 Tech Insiders Defining the 2016 Campaign". Wired. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  34. ↑ "8 Can't Wait" . Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  35. ↑ Earl, William (June 4, 2020). "Oprah, Ariana Grande and more champion 8 Can't Wait, project to reduce police violence". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  36. ↑ "Carlsbad Police Adopt '8 Can't Wait' Force-Reduction Policies". Times of San Diego. 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  37. ↑ "City Of Pittsburgh Embracing '8 Can't Wait' Campaign Aimed At Reducing Police Violence". 2020-06-04. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  38. ↑ "Castor says Tampa police already follow 8 Can't Wait policies, despite low grade". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  39. ↑ Yglesias, Matthew (2020-06-05). "8 Can't Wait, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  40. ↑ Diavolo, Lucy (8 June 2020). "The Protests Are Changing How People Think About Police". Teen Vogue. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
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