Killing of Jordan Neely

Killing of Jordan Neely

Right marker: Jordan Neely boarded train at the Second Avenue station. Left marker: Train stopped at the Broadway–Lafayette Street station, in response to Jordan Neely being put in a chokehold before the stop.
Date	May 1, 2023 (2023-05-01)
Time	c. 2:30 p.m. [1] (EDT)
Location	Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Type	Homicide by chokehold [a]
Filmed by	Juan Alberto Vázquez
Deaths	Jordan Neely
Accused	Daniel Penny
Charges	Second-degree manslaughter (charge dismissed) Criminally negligent homicide
Verdict	Not guilty on negligent homicide

On May 1, 2023, in New York City, Jordan Neely, a 30-year-old black homeless man, was killed after being put in a chokehold by Daniel Penny, a 24-year-old white United States Marine Corps veteran while riding the New York City Subway. Neely boarded the car Penny was riding and reportedly began threatening passengers. After the train had left the station, Penny approached Neely from behind to apply the chokehold, and maintained it in a sitting position until Neely went limp a few minutes after the train had reached the next stop. First responders unsuccessfully attempted to revive Neely, who was declared dead after being transported a hospital. Penny submitted to voluntary questioning at a police precinct office, and was released without charge later the same day.

Two days later, the medical examiner's office ruled that Neely's death was homicide by compression of the neck. A week after that, Penny was charged with second-degree manslaughter and released on bond. He was formally indicted by a grand jury, with a lesser charge of criminally negligent homicide added on June 28. Penny pleaded not guilty to both charges, under which he faced up to 15 years in prison. His trial began in October 2024 and concluded that December. The manslaughter charge was dismissed on the request of the prosecution after the jury deadlocked. He was then acquitted on the remaining charge of criminally negligent homicide. A wrongful death suit by Neely's father remained pending as of December 2024 ^[update] .

Neely's death and Penny's acquittal sparked controversy and division along partisan and racial lines, renewing debates about New York City's treatment of persons with similar histories of homelessness and mental illness. Critics of Penny characterized him as a vigilante motivated by racism, whom authorities should have immediately arrested and charged with murder, but hadn't because of double-standards. Supporters of Penny highlighted his military service, calling him a Good Samaritan and hero seeking to protect other passengers. Donations to his legal defense totaled nearly $3 million. Neely's criminal record, which included several convictions for assault, was another source of controversy.

Incident

The incident took place on the New York City Subway in Manhattan. ^[3] Some time after 2:00 p.m. (EDT) on May 1, 2023, Neely boarded a northbound F train at the Second Avenue station just before it departed for the Broadway–Lafayette Street station. ^{[4] [5] [6]} Penny was in the same train car, planning to go to a gym. ^[7] Independent journalist Juan Alberto Vázquez, whose video of the chokehold was widely distributed by media, told The New York Times that Neely began screaming, "I don't have food, I don't have a drink, I'm fed up. I don't mind going to jail and getting life in prison. I'm ready to die," which other witnesses largely corroborated. ^{[4] [8] [9]} Vázquez also said that Neely was frightening but had not assaulted anyone. ^[4] Other witnesses reported Neely throwing garbage at passengers, and a mother stated that she hid with her child behind a stroller after Neely charged at other passengers. ^{[10] [11]} About one minute after Neely boarded it, the train reached Broadway–Lafayette Street station. ^{[5] [12]} Most riders exited the car while a few others held open the train doors, preventing the train from leaving the station, and waited for police to arrive. ^{[13] [14]}

Statements about the duration of the chokehold vary significantly. Vázquez initially told NBC New York, and posted on Facebook, that the chokehold lasted for 15 minutes, but later told CNN that "the two men were on the floor for about seven minutes" and that he "started recording about three or four minutes after the chokehold began". ^{[15] [16]} The video showed Penny continuously applying the hold for at least 3 minutes before releasing Neely. ^{[17] [18]} Even so, the 15-minute figure continued to be widely circulated, ^{[19] [20] [21] [22]} which Penny disputed at the time, saying it had only lasted 5. ^[23] In Penny's criminal trial, prosecutors said that the chokehold began less than 30 seconds before the train arrived at the Broadway-Lafayette Street station, and lasted for 6 minutes. ^[24]

Neely struggled against the chokehold by kicking and trying to free his arms, which were being pinned by two other men. ^[25] A witness said that it did not look like Penny had control of the situation due to the struggle. ^[26]

Vázquez said that Penny asked other riders to call the police while he had the chokehold. ^[27] Penny had learned the technique for restraint in basic training. ^{[28] [29]} Another witness said that at some point during the chokehold, Penny relaxed his grip on Neely, and Neely coughed up a wad of blood and mucus. ^[30] The same witness noted that nobody on the train car was telling Penny to stop his chokehold, and that some passengers expressed hostile statements toward Neely and support for Penny's actions. ^[30]

At 2:29 p.m., a passenger on the train warned that Neely had defecated on himself, a sign that he may be dying, saying, "You don't want to catch a murder charge. You got a hell of a chokehold, man." ^{[31] [32]} One of the other men restraining Neely responded, saying that the excrement on Neely's pants was old. He also responded to the warning by saying that Penny had stopped "squeezing" Neely's neck. ^{[32] [33]}

About 50 seconds after Neely became motionless, Penny and one man who was still restraining Neely's arms released their hold on him. ^{[25] [34]} Shortly thereafter, a man named Johnny Grima can be seen in the video saying, "Don't put him on his back though, man. He might choke on his own spit." ^[35] Penny placed Neely on his side, into a recovery position. ^[32] Grima said that he put water on Neely's forehead, but was told to stop by Penny. ^[36] Other passengers also checked on him, including an onlooker who warned Penny about killing Neely, who said, "He's all right. He ain't gonna die." ^{[37] [31]}

The New York Police Department reportedly received a call at 2:27 p.m. about a fight on the train, and arrived before 2:30 p.m., administering first aid to an unconscious Neely. ^{[31] [16] [15]} Another source says the first call was around 2:25 p.m. according to police. ^[38] The NYPD issued a press release on May 4 which said they had responded at 2:27 p.m. to calls made before that time. ^[39] The New York City Fire Department received a call for help at 2:39 p.m., arriving at 2:46 p.m. At least five 9-1-1 calls were made, with some initial reports describing a homeless man that some found to be threatening in his mannerisms and volume. ^[40] An officer arriving at the scene asked how Neely ended up on the floor, and Penny said that he had "put him out". ^[41] Responding officers testified that Neely had a faint pulse on their arrival, and was initially given Narcan and eventually CPR. ^{[42] [43]}

Neely was pronounced dead after being transported to Lenox Hill Hospital. ^[44]

People involved

Jordan Neely

Jordan Neely
Neely posing at the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station in 2011
Born	Jordan Maurice Caine Neely [45] (1992-12-18)December 18, 1992 New York City, U.S.
Died	May 1, 2023(2023-05-01) (aged 30) Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Cause of death	Homicide by chokehold (disputed) [a]
Resting place	Kensico Cemetery [46]
Education	Bayonne High School [45]
Known for	Michael Jackson impersonator

Jordan Maurice Caine Neely ^[45] was a 30-year-old man who grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey. ^[47] Neely had an extensive criminal record, including 42 arrests for offenses such as petty larceny, theft, jumping subway turnstiles, and assaults. Between 2019 and 2021, he was involved in three unprovoked assaults on women in the subway. ^[48]

Neely was frequently homeless and had a history of mental health issues, including schizophrenia, depression, and PTSD, which were linked to trauma he experienced in his youth. In 2007, when he was 14 years old, his mother was murdered by a man with whom she had been in an abusive relationship. Her body was found in a suitcase on the side of the Henry Hudson Parkway. Neely was called to testify at the trial. ^{[49] [50]} According to his aunt, Neely developed major depression, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder after the murder of his mother. ^[51] He was placed in foster care as a youth. ^[47]

As an adult, Neely was known for his performances as a Michael Jackson impersonator, ^{[52] [53]} performing in Times Square and subway stations. ^{[47] [51] [54]} He was said to be a talented dancer. ^[55] He was frequently homeless and had been involuntarily hospitalized for mental issues in the past. According to The Guardian , once Neely became homeless he slipped "into a cycle of mental health crises, arrests and hospitalization that would continue until his death". ^[56] He had been a client of the Bowery Residents' Committee, which attempted to find him permanent shelter. ^{[52] [47]} From 2019 until the time of his death, he was included on what was informally known as the "Top 50 List", a city-maintained roster of homeless people considered to be most in need of assistance and treatment, to which they are often resistant. ^[52]

Neely's funeral was held on May 19 at Mount Neboh Baptist Church in Harlem. At least 200 people were present, while a small group of peaceful protesters gathered outside. In addition to Neely's family and friends, several Democratic politicians, including Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York City public advocate Jumaane Williams, and Lt. Gov. Antonio Delgado, also attended.

Civil rights activist and Baptist minister Al Sharpton delivered Neely's eulogy, in which he criticized what he saw as systematic abuse and criminalization of people with mental illness, and double standards of the police and criminal justice system on the basis of race. He objected to the characterization by some of Penny as a "good Samaritan", saying, "A good Samaritan helps those in trouble, they don't choke him out." ^{[57] [58]}

Neely was buried at Kensico Cemetery in Westchester County in a private service. ^[46]

Daniel Penny

Daniel Penny is a former United States Marine Corps infantry squad leader who attained the rank of Sergeant in his four years of service. He was raised in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. He was 24 years old the time of the incident, and was studying architecture and engineering at New York City College of Technology. His military combat training included how to render a person unconscious in a non-lethal manner with the chokehold he used on Neely. ^{[59] [60] [61] [62]}

Penny joined U.S. president-elect Donald Trump and vice president-elect JD Vance at the 2024 Army–Navy American football game as a "guest of honor" shortly after his acquittal. ^[63] A few months later, Penny was hired by a prominent Silicon Valley venture capital firm, Andreessen Horowitz, as a "deal partner" in the division of the firm specializing in "aerospace, defense, public safety, education, housing, supply chain, industrials, and manufacturing." ^[62] According to The New York Times, firm outsiders and limited partners expressed private concerns about Penny's hiring, citing his lack of investment experience and the political controversy surrounding his trial. An internal memo obtained by the newspaper defended his hiring, saying that Penny's military experience would help build relationships with "active-duty military, veterans, chiefs of police, sheriffs" deals with in its public safety and defense businesses. ^{[64] [65]}

Legal proceedings

Investigation and indictment

Penny was interviewed by police first responders at the scene, then voluntarily at a precinct office by police detectives later that day. Penny told interviewers that Neely entered train while saying, "I'm gonna kill everybody. I could go to prison forever, I don't care." He demonstrated the hold to the detectives, saying he was only trying to restrain Neely and deescalate the situation, not to kill him. ^{[66] [42]} Penny was released without charges a few hours later. ^[53]

On May 5, 2023, Penny's attorneys released a statement offering his condolences to Neely's family, stating that he "never intended to harm Mr. Neely and could not have foreseen his untimely death" and that "[w]hen Mr. Neely began aggressively threatening Daniel Penny and the other passengers, Daniel, with the help of others, acted to protect themselves, until help arrived." ^{[67] [68]} In the same video, Penny repeated what he had told police about Neely's behavior, disputed that he had been motivated by racism, and that he had not applied the hold for 15 minutes as alleged by Vázquez: "Between stops, it was only a couple of minutes, so the whole interaction, less than five minutes. Some people say I was trying to choke him to death – which is also not true. I was trying to restrain him. You can see in the video there's a clear rise and fall of his chest, indicating that he's breathing." ^{[69] [70] [71]}

Three days later, attorneys representing Neely's family released a statement about Penny's press release, saying it "is not an apology nor an expression of regret. It is a character assassination and a clear example of why he believed he was entitled to take Jordan's life ... He never attempted to help him at all. In short, his actions on the train, and now his words, show why he needs to be in prison." ^[72]

On May 3, Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg confirmed that his office had begun an investigation into Neely's death. ^[73] Also that day, the medical examiner's office determined the manner of death to be homicide, ^[74] stating that Neely died from "compression of neck (chokehold)". ^[1] On May 11, Bragg's office announced that Penny would be charged with second degree manslaughter, which carries a penalty of between five and 15 years in prison. On May 12, Penny turned himself in to police for arrest and was arraigned in Manhattan Criminal Court. Since he had not been indicted by a grand jury, he chose not to enter a plea, and was released from custody on $100,000 cash bail. He was required to surrender his passport and instructed to not leave New York without approval. ^{[75] [76] [77] [78]}

A grand jury was impaneled on May 31 and indicted Penny on June 14. ^{[79] [80]} At a second arraignment on June 28, the grand jury's indictment was unsealed, revealing a lesser second charge of criminally negligent homicide. A second-degree manslaughter conviction requires the prosecution to prove the defendant knew the potential to cause death, and acted recklessly. A criminally negligent homicide conviction requires proof that the defendant's actions unjustifiably risked Neely's death, but without awareness of the danger. ^{[81] [82] [83] [84] [85]}

The two other men who helped to restrain Neely were not charged. ^[83]

On January 17, 2024, presiding judge Maxwell Wiley declined a defense motion for dismissal, citing the strength of video evidence and the medical examiner's cause of death finding. ^[86]

Criminal trial and acquittal

Jury selection began on October 21, 2024, during which nearly all prospective jurors reported having prior knowledge of the incident. ^{[42] [87]}

Opening statements began on November 1, with prosecutor Dafna Yoran acknowledging that Penny acted to protect others, calling his intention "laudable" and without obvious intent to kill Neely, but that the chokehold became "unnecessarily reckless" and criminal when Penny maintained it for minutes after Neely had gone limp and ceased to be a threat. ^[88]

In his opening statement, defense attorney Thomas A. Kenniff referred to Neely as "a seething, raging psychotic," whom Penny ignored until Neely menaced a woman protecting her son with a stroller and said, "I will kill." Kenniff also said that Penny had not squeezed Neely's neck with enough force to kill him, and that drugs found in Neely's system and his sickle cell trait may have instead been the cause. Kenniff said that eyewitnesses at the scene and 911 callers did not identify Penny as the aggressor in the incident. ^[88]

During the trial the prosecution called over 30 witnesses. ^[89] They argued that Penny ignored signs that Neely was nearing death. They cited grand jury testimony by doctor who had reviewed Vázquez's video of the struggle, who said that Neely exhibited "twitching and the kind of agonal movement that you see around death." Prosecutors also pointed out that near the end of the video a passenger was heard warning Penny, "If you don’t let him go now, you’re going to kill him." ^[90]

A number of passengers during the incident testified that they were scared of Neely and felt relieved by Penny moving to restrain Neely, including witnesses called by the prosecution. Alethea Gittings said Neely's actions "scared the living daylights out of everybody" and later thanked Penny for his intervention. Gittings and other passengers noted that Neely's actions were more frightening than other outbursts they had witnessed on the subway. Passenger Lori Sitro testified that Neely lunged at people within a foot of their faces, while Dan Couvreur described Neely as having his hands balled into fists. A passenger testified that Neely had made her fear for her life and she believed that he was "most likely armed", although she did not witness him with a weapon. Prosecutors used the witness testimony to assert that Neely did not directly target or hit a rider, or brandish a weapon, whereas defense attorneys stated that the prosecution's own witnesses were making the defense's case for them. ^{[91] [92] [93] [94]} 911 calls from passengers were also played in the courtroom, with one passenger relaying that Neely was "trying to attack everybody". ^[93]

A marine combat instructor, Joseph Caballer, who had trained Penny on the use of several restraining holds, testified for the prosecution that Penny had improperly applied the chokehold. Caballer said that the proper technique is to release the person being restrained once they become unconscious, and that he tells trainees, "You don't want to keep holding on. This can result in actual injury or death." Asked by the defense how much pressure Penny was applying, Caballer answered that he could not exactly say, but that times it appeared Penny "could possibly be cutting off maybe one of the carotid arteries." Jurors were shown a video of Penny demonstrating the technique to detectives during questioning at the precinct station on the day of the incident. In the video, Penny said, "He had his back turned to me and I got him in a hold, got him to the ground, and he’s still squirming around and going crazy. He gets a burst of energy at one point and I did have to hold him a little more steady." ^[95] In the same interview when asked if he had been applying pressure, Penny answered, "No, I didn't, I wasn't, I just wanted to keep him from getting to people." ^[96]

A pathologist hired by the defense as an expert witness, Satish Chundru, testified that "the combined effects" of synthetic marijuana, schizophrenia, sickle cell trait, and Neely's exertion during the restraint, caused his death. Chundru said that the location and amount of bruising on Neely's neck, and the small number of petechiae (small red spots caused by burst blood vessels) on his eyelids, were inconsistent with Neely being choked to death. ^{[97] [98]}

Prosecutors argued that some details of Chundru's testimony—including his statements about petechiae—were at odds with his own prior testimony in other cases; Chundru said that those cases were not comparable. ^{[97] [98]} The prosecution also cited the American Society of Hematology, a professional organization whose members treat blood disorders such as sickle cell trait, which has said that deaths attributed to sickle cell crisis "must be viewed with profound skepticism." ^[99]

The city medical examiner who performed Neely's autopsy, Cynthia Harris, said that Chundru's assessment was "profoundly improbable," and that "consensus was unanimous" in her department that Neely died from asphyxia caused by the chokehold. ^{[97] [98]} She testified that sudden deaths from sickle cell crisis are "exceptionally rare," typically take hours to a day rather than being "instantaneous," and that the sickling observed in Neely's autopsy was likely caused by the chokehold. Harris added that video evidence of Neely's face turning purple, with bulging veins, indicated restricted blood flow between his head and body, and that the duration of the chokehold applied to Neely "would have killed anyone" by asphyxia. ^[99]

The defense challenged Harris' decision to issue the cause of death without waiting for toxicology reports which showed the presence of K2, a synthetic cannabinoid, in Neely's system. She said that the video evidence showing Neely unresponsive prompted her to issue her finding. She also testified that K2 is "two to 100 times more potent to standard natural occurring cannabinoids," but that testing can only detect the presence of the drug, not the quantity, because synthetic cannabinoids "change like fashion trends." ^[97]

Closing arguments were delivered on December 2, 2024. ^[100] On December 3, jury deliberations got underway. ^[101] Jurors were instructed to consider the top charge of manslaughter before considering the charge of criminally negligent homicide. They were also instructed to determine whether Penny's actions were responsible for Neely's death, and if so, whether his actions were reckless and unjustified. ^[102] During deliberation, jurors sent over 10 notes to the judge for further instructions. After a jury deadlock emerged on the manslaughter charge, Judge Wiley gave jurors Allen charge instructions, requesting that they reconsider differing opinions to reach an agreement. ^[103]

On December 6, prosecutors successfully requested a dismissal of the manslaughter charge against Penny following the jury deadlock, which cleared the jury to deliberate on the lower charge of criminally negligent homicide. ^{[104] [105] [106]} Penny was found not guilty of the remaining charge of criminally negligent homicide on December 9. ^[107]

After his acquittal, Penny said he found Neely to be "extraordinarily strong", was worried about Neely attacking him or someone else if he let go, and that he would take the same course of action again. ^[108]

Civil lawsuit

On December 5, a wrongful death suit was filed into the New York Supreme Court by Jordan Neely's father, Andre Zachary, on the grounds of negligence, assault, and battery.

Reactions and protests

Neely's family and friends

Neely's father, Andre Zachery, spoke with the New York Daily News on May 5, 2023, stating, "Obviously he was calling for help ... He wasn't out to hurt nobody. He was a good kid and a good man too. Something has to be done. That man, he's still walking around right now. My son didn't deserve to die because he needed help." ^[109] The family asked Al Sharpton to deliver the eulogy at Neely's funeral. ^[37] However, as a father, Zachery was mostly uninvolved in Neely's life throughout his childhood, according to a 2023 New York Magazine profile of Neely. ^[110]

Moses Harper, a dance instructor and performer and a friend and mentor of Neely from age 16 until his death said, "when I think of Jordan Neely, I think of a gifted, kind, young soul who was trying to find some joy and peace in this world. He was looking for a reason to celebrate and engage in something positive. And it is painful to think that somebody treated him like he wasn't worth anything. He was priceless." Based on her years of outreach work at Rikers Island, Harper said that younger homeless men like Neely were frequently counseled by their elders to intentionally commit minor offenses for the purpose of getting a warm meal and bed in jail, or claim suicidal ideation to gain hospital admission, when no other options were available. The last time Harper saw Neely alive, she encouraged him to "get clean and clean up." Neely said, "Don't worry, I am going to do it." "But the system failed Jordan," said Harper. ^[111]

Public officials and community

New York City mayor Eric Adams called Neely's death "tragic" and said "there's a lot we don't know about what happened here", and that Neely's mental health issues played a role in the killing. ^{[112] [113]} Later, without mentioning the circumstances of Neely's death, Adams said that death could have been prevented if Neely had received more mental health assistance. ^[114] When asked about the issue of vigilantism in a May 4 interview with Abby Phillip, Adams replied that "we cannot blanketly tell passengers what they should or should not do". ^[1] Adams later held a press conference calling for passage of the proposed Supportive Interventions Act, a bill that would lower the legal threshold at which a person can be involuntarily committed in New York. ^[115]

New York Governor Kathy Hochul called Neely's death "deeply disturbing" ^[112] and called for "consequences". She described Penny's actions as a "very extreme response" to a person who did not appear to be a threat to others. ^[113] Metropolitan Transportation Authority chair Janno Lieber called the death "really troubling and upsetting" and urged riders to "find a way to deescalate" if challenges emerge on the subways. ^[116]

State Senator Julia Salazar called Neely's killing a lynching, ^{[117] [118]} arguing that Neely would not have been perceived as threatening if he were not black, referencing news and social media coverage demonizing the homeless and mentally ill. ^[117] She tweeted, "The constant demonization of poor people and people in mental health crisis in our city allows for this barbarism. It is making our city sick." ^{[119] [120]} Executive director of the Coalition for the Homeless, Dave Giffen, said that political rhetoric has led to hatred and violence against homeless people. ^[44] City Council member Tiffany Cabán said the killing was "the inevitable outcome of the dangerous rhetoric of stigmatizing mental health issues, stigmatizing poverty and the continued bloated investment in the carceral system at the expense of funding access to housing, food and health". ^[121]

Many left-leaning activists, including Democratic Party representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, said Neely was murdered, ^[114] pointing to what they say are deficiencies in the city's response to homelessness and mental illness. ^[52] Ocasio-Cortez tweeted: "Jordan was houseless and crying for food in a time when the city is raising rents and stripping services to militarize itself." ^{[122] [123]} She accused the Adams administration of "trying to cut the very services that could have helped" Neely. ^[122] New York City comptroller Brad Lander said, "We must not become a city where a mentally ill human being can be choked to death by a vigilante without consequence." ^{[44] [122]}

Mayor Adams rebuffed statements from Lander and Ocasio-Cortez as "[not] very responsible at the time where we're still investigating the situation" and called for officials to wait on investigations from Bragg and law enforcement officials. ^{[112] [124]}

Other officials expressed frustration that DA Bragg's office had not already criminally charged Penny, claiming that if he had been black, the situation would have unfolded differently. City Council speaker Adrienne Adams stated, "The initial response by our legal system to this killing is disturbing and puts on display for the world the double standards that black people and other people of color continue to face." ^{[113] [121]}

New York City media reported that residents were divided, with some supporting and others opposing Penny's actions. ^{[31] [125]} More than 59,000 online donations have been made to Penny's legal defense fund, totaling around $2.9 million, ^{[126] [127]} including $10,000 from Vivek Ramaswamy, with some conservatives – including Republican politicians Ron DeSantis and Matt Gaetz  – labeling him a hero and celebrating his actions. ^{[128] [129] [130]} Republican politician Nikki Haley was very critical of the DA charging Penny, and said "the governor needs to pardon Daniel Penny ... no question about it [...] right away". ^{[131] [132]} Republican Nassau County, New York executive Bruce Blakeman held a rally in support of Penny in Manhattan. ^[133]

On May 25, Republican politician Andy Ogles proposed House Resolution 448 in the United States House of Representatives to "recognize and honor Daniel Penny ... for his heroism and courage in apprehending a threat to public safety". The resolution was supported by Marjorie Taylor Greene and other Republican representatives. The text of the resolution made reference to Neely's arrest record. On the same day, Ogles wrote on Twitter, "In Democrat-run cities across the nation, crime is rampant, and the desperate cry for order is loud. Rather than take action to protect everyday citizens, Leftist government leaders prioritize political agendas over justice." Tennessee State Rep. Gloria Johnson responded to the resolution on Twitter, saying, "Maga republicans sure love criminals." ^{[134] [135] [136]} No further action was taken to advance the resolution. ^[137]

Former NYC prosecutor Michael Bachner told NBC New York that Penny's status as a Marine veteran could undermine an argument he acted in self-defense, saying, "If he knew and was trained to use a chokehold, he would be no different than the training a police officer would get. The argument is going to be that he acted in a way that he should have known could result in death." ^[38]

Shortly after Neely's death, Gabriel Murphy, a former marine with a service record similar to Penny's, started a petition at MoveOn saying, "the individual who choked Mr. Neely to death should be prosecuted for murder." As of May 9, 2023, nearly 6,000 people had signed it. ^[138] Murphy said that Penny had misused the technique and that, "I don't think what he did was OK, and I don't think it's in line with anything the Marine Corps teaches." ^[139] Former marine blackbelt Alex Hollings said in a June 28 interview with Insider that Penny was "sloppy and excessive" in his application of the chokehold, but that marine training doesn't "place a heavy emphasis on knowing when to let up to ensure your opponent survives." Three other marine veterans were interviewed for the article, including two retired senior officers. There was disagreement among them as to whether Penny's actions were reckless or negligent; one of the former officers called him a hero. ^[140]

Journalists

About a month after Neely's death, reporter Andy Newman, who had covered the Neely story for The New York Times, gave an interview to the Columbia Journalism Review . He said that he found the issues of homelessness and mental illness "vexing to write about" because they lack easy solutions, and that he thought many readers feel or assume that the answer is to "just get these people to take their meds, and or just lock them away in a long-term psychiatric institution." ^[141] Reflecting on his 25 years at the metro desk, he said:

The depressing thing about covering this stuff is that if you just look back at stories through the years, every single mayor has tried ways to fix this problem and to somehow prevent people who are severely mentally ill and maybe prone to violence from doing something terrible to other people or to themselves. And every mayor and every governor comes in with a bunch of plans and programs. And we write these stories about these plans and programs. And for one reason or another, it just always happens again. ^[141]

HuffPost reporter Matt Shuham wrote that local and national media villainized Neely almost immediately following his death by highlighting his history of homelessness and mental illness, as well as publishing details of his criminal record:

That record included dozens of arrests, some for assault and many for lesser charges like fare evasion. And police sources appeared to immediately leak Neely's rap sheet to news outlets after his death, despite Neely having just been killed in public. The practice of leaking criminal records to reporters after a public incident is a habit for the NYPD, deployed after the arrests of countless defendants – but not usually for homicide victims. ^[142]

Protests

Protestors chant "Say his name: Jordan Neely!" as they walk down Madison Avenue on May 6.

On May 3, two days after Neely's killing, a vigil-turned-protest was held inside the Broadway–Lafayette Street station, during which the arrest and charging of the then-unnamed man who choked Neely were demanded. ^[143] A protest in front of the Manhattan district attorney's office was set for May 4, ^[144] and another May 4 protest was held in Brooklyn; ^[145] after dark on May 4, a group of demonstrators marched from Brooklyn to Manhattan across the Manhattan Bridge, onto which they spray-painted slogans related to Neely's death. ^[146] Several organizations, including Black Lives Matter, NAACP, and Amnesty International USA, have called for accountability in Neely's killing. ^{[147] [148]} On May 5, 2023, protests took place across the city, including locations such as the Broadway–Lafayette Street station, Washington Square Park, and outside the Manhattan district attorney's office, calling for criminal charges to be brought. ^[68] Protests were again held on May 6, 2023, at various locations in Manhattan, including the Lexington Avenue–63rd Street station, where several protesters were arrested. ^{[149] [150]} On May 8, 2023, 11 protesters were arrested. ^[151]

On June 23, the Manhattan district attorney's office dropped all misdemeanor charges related to the protests, which included resisting arrest and disorderly conduct. ^[152] The office said that it was still seeking to prosecute three people who were arrested on felony charges, one for blocking subway tracks, one for pinning an NYPD inspector's arm in a door, causing "bruising and substantial pain", and one for striking the back of an officer's head multiple times. ^[153]

See also

• Law portal
• United States portal

• 1984 New York City Subway shooting
• 2022 New York City Subway attack

Notes

1. A spokesperson for the New York City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner explained that "manner of death was ruled a homicide, but that determination is not a ruling on intent or culpability, which is for the criminal justice system to consider". A pathologist hired by Penny's defense disputed the homicide finding in trial testimony. ^{[1] [2]}

References

1. Gingras, Brynn; Ly, Laura; Santana, Maria; Sanchez, Ray (May 4, 2023). "Man dies after being put in a chokehold by another rider on New York City subway, officials say. The DA is investigating". CNN. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
2. "Pathologist disputes finding that Marine veteran's chokehold caused subway rider's death". AP News. November 21, 2024.
3. Yousif, Nadine (May 3, 2023). "New York subway passenger died after chokehold". BBC News. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
4. Cramer, Maria (May 2, 2023). "Man Dies on Subway After Another Rider Places Him in Chokehold" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
5. Ganeva, Tana (May 11, 2023). "Deadly Chokehold on the F Train". Truthdig. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
6. Bekiempis, Victoria (October 13, 2024). "Daniel Penny's Deadly Chokehold Shocked the Country. Now, He's Going on Trial For Manslaughter". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
7. Miller, Lisa (December 29, 2023). "He had places he belonged and people looking out for him. How did he end up dying, alone, at the hands of a stranger?" . NY Magazine. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023.
8. Bromwich, Jonah E. (October 10, 2023). "Witnesses in Subway Chokehold Case Describe Fears of Death and Violence". The New York Times.
9. Massie, Graeme (October 11, 2023). "Ex-Marine accused of killing homeless man on subway seeks to have charges tossed". The Independent.
10. Rosenberg, Rebecca (October 11, 2023). "Mother, child hid behind stroller before deadly subway chokehold: court papers". Fox 5 NY.
11. Iscoe, Adam (May 10, 2023). "The System That Failed Jordan Neely". The New Yorker. ISSN   0028-792X . Retrieved July 24, 2023.
12. "Jordan Neely chokehold death: Legal experts Anna Cominsky, David Schwartz break down what's next". CBS. May 5, 2023.
13. Cramer, Maria; Meko, Hurubie; Nierenberg, Amelia (May 5, 2023). "What We Know About Jordan Neely's Killing" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
14. Aceves, Paula (May 5, 2023). "'I Wasn't Thinking That Anybody Was Going to Die'". Curbed. New York. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
15. Sanchez, Ray (May 5, 2023). "What we know about Jordan Neely's chokehold death on the New York subway". CNN. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
16. Beckford, Checkey (May 2, 2023). "Man Who Threatened NYC Subway Riders Dies After One Put Him in Chokehold: Sources". WNBC. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
17. Offenhartz, Jake; Caina Calvan, Bobby (May 4, 2023). "Some call NYC subway choking criminal, others hold judgment". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
18. Cramer, Maria; Marcius, Chelsia Rose (May 3, 2023). "Subway Rider Choked Homeless Man to Death, Medical Examiner Rules" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
19. Chapin, Angelina (May 4, 2023). "A Deadly Choke Hold on the Subway". The Cut. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
20. Bowman, Emma (May 6, 2023). "After Jordan Neely's death, homeless advocates blame NYC's 'dehumanizing' policies". NPR.
21. Narea, Nicole; Zhou, Li (May 6, 2023). "The systemic issues revealed by Jordan Neely's killing, explained". Vox.
22. Thakker, Prem (May 13, 2023). "Conservatives: It's "Anti-Hero" to Arrest Daniel Penny for Killing Jordan Neely". The New Republic. ISSN   0028-6583 . Retrieved December 10, 2024.
23. Dow, Jay (June 12, 2023). "Daniel Penny speaks out about Jordan Neely encounter". PIX11 . Retrieved June 21, 2023.
24. Katersky, Aaron (November 15, 2023). "Daniel Penny applied 6-minute chokehold on Jordan Neely as witness accounts differ on threat: Prosecutors". ABC News.
25. Petri, Alexandra E. (May 12, 2023). "Marine veteran who choked N.Y. subway passenger to death is charged with manslaughter" . Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
26. Bromwich, Jonah E. (October 10, 2023). "Witnesses in Subway Chokehold Case Describe Fears of Death and Violence". The New York Times.
27. Aceves, Paula (May 5, 2023). "'I Wasn't Thinking That Anybody Was Going to Die'". Curbed. New York. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
28. Wilson, Michael; Newman, Andy (May 7, 2023). "How Two Men's Disparate Paths Crossed in a Killing on the F Train" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
29. Toropin, Konstantin (May 9, 2023). "A Marine Vet Used a Chokehold Leading to a Man's Death. The Technique, Taught in Basic Training, Faces Fresh Scrutiny". Military.com. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
30. Pinto, Nick (May 5, 2023). "Confusion, Shock, and the Bystander Effect on the Train Where Jordan Neely Was Killed". Hellgatenyc.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
31. Cramer, Maria; Meko, Hurubie; Nierenberg, Amelia (May 5, 2023). "What We Know About Jordan Neely's Killing" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
32. "Jordan Neely: What happened in NYC subway chokehold case". BBC News. May 12, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
33. Muhammad, Ismail (May 12, 2023). "The Most Disturbing Thing About Jordan Neely's Killing" . The New York Times Magazine . ISSN   0028-7822. Archived from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
34. Bromwich, Jonah E.; Meko, Hurubie; Newman, Andy (May 11, 2023). "Daniel Penny Will Be Charged in Subway Chokehold Killing of Jordan Neely" . The New York Times. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
35. Lach, Eric (May 6, 2023). "An Eyewitness to Jordan Neely's Death" . The New Yorker. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
36. Max, Samantha (May 4, 2023). "'Could have been me': Eyewitnesses react to subway killing of Jordan Neely". Gothamist. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
37. Moore, Jessica (May 9, 2023). "White House reacts to death of Jordan Neely". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 22, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
38. Beckford, Checkey; Santia, Marc; Shea, Tom (May 5, 2023) [May 4, 2023]. "Jordan Neely Subway Chokehold Death: Protests, Calls for Charges Grow As NYPD Asks for Help". WNBC. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
39. @NYPDnews (May 4, 2023). "We need your help in regard to an incident that occurred on Monday, May 1, 2023, at the Broadway–Lafayette Street subway station. Anyone with information, photographs, or video is asked to please contact @NYPDTips or call 1(800)577-TIPS" (Tweet). Archived from the original on May 4, 2023 – via Twitter.
40. Burke, Minyvonne; Arkin, Daniel; Miller, Myles; Santia, Marc; Dienst, Jonathan (May 6, 2023). "Marine who put Jordan Neely into chokehold on subway acted in self-defense, lawyers say". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
41. Meko, Hurubie (October 3, 2023). "Penny Minimized Duration of Chokehold During Questioning, Video Shows". The New York Times.
42. Gainer, Alice; Anderson, Renee; McNicholas, Tim (October 4, 2024). "Daniel Penny in court as new evidence shown ahead of Jordan Neely subway chokehold trial". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025.
43. Morales, Mark; Pazmino, Gloria; Levenson, Eric (November 1, 2024). "Daniel Penny's lawyers argue he protected others, prosecutors say he 'went too far' as NYC subway manslaughter trial begins". CNN. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
44. Alfonseca, Kiara; Katersky, Aaron; Crudele, Mark (May 4, 2023). "Death of homeless man on New York City subway ruled a homicide". ABC News. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
45. Fuller, Nicole; Chayes, Matthew (May 19, 2023). "Jordan Neely, man in chokehold death, 'wanted to be something,' Rev. Al Sharpton says at funeral". Newsday . Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 20, 2023.
46. Del Rey, Michelle (May 19, 2023). "'He liked to be loved and he loved people': Jordan Neely's funeral honors 30-year-old's life". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
47. Brand, David (May 4, 2023). "Who was Jordan Neely? Friends recall 'sweet kid,' talented performer killed in subway chokehold". Gothamist. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
48. Santana, Maria; Cullinane, Susannah (May 8, 2023). "Before fatal subway chokehold, Jordan Neely was on NYC's list of homeless individuals with dire needs". CNN. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
49. Conte, Michaelangelo (January 11, 2012). "Murdered Bayonne woman's son testifies that mom, accused killer fought 'every day'". The Jersey Journal. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
50. Offenhartz, Jake; Calvan, Bobby Caina (May 4, 2023). "Chokehold killed man restrained by NYC subway passengers". AP News. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
51. Kilander, Gustaf (May 4, 2023). "Relatives speak out after Jordan Neely subway chokehold killing". The Independent . Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
52. Newman, Andy (May 13, 2023). "Jordan Neely Was on New York's 'Top 50' List of Homeless People at Risk" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
53. Stieb, Paula; Aceves, Matt (May 7, 2023). "The Outrage Over Jordan Neely's Killing Isn't Going Away". Intelligencer (New York). Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
54. Elibert, Mark (May 3, 2023). "Jordan Neely, a Michael Jackson Impersonator, Strangled to Death By U.S. Marine Veteran on NYC Subway". Complex . Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
55. Oladipo, Gloria (May 5, 2023). "Jordan Neely: man killed by rider's chokehold was talented dancer". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
56. Chan, Wilfred (May 12, 2023). "'It's a failure of the system': before Jordan Neely was killed, he was discarded". The Guardian. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
57. Cramer, Maria; Meko, Hurubie (May 19, 2023). "At Harlem Funeral for Jordan Neely, an Outpouring of Grief" . The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
58. "Jordan Neely was 'screaming for help', Al Sharpton says in funeral eulogy". The Guardian. May 19, 2023. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
59. Meko, Hurubie; Bayya, Anusha (November 1, 2024). "In Subway Chokehold Trial, Lawyers Spar Over Daniel Penny's Chokehold". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
60. Crane-Newman, Molly (October 20, 2024). "Daniel Penny heads to trial for fatal subway chokehold of unarmed NYC homeless man Jordan Neely". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
61. Offenhartz, Jake (November 14, 2024). "Former Marine misused a combat technique in fatal chokehold of NYC subway rider, trainer testifies". AP News. Archived from the original on April 26, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
62. Zanger, Jesse (February 5, 2025). "Daniel Penny hired by venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz". CBS New York. Archived from the original on June 4, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
63. "Daniel Penny is guest of Trump and Vance at Army v Navy game". www.bbc.com. December 14, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
64. Griffith, Erin (February 5, 2025). "Andreessen Horowitz Hires Daniel Penny, Cleared in Subway Killing" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 6, 2025. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
65. Isaac, Mike; Meko, Hurubie (February 6, 2025). "Andreessen Horowitz Defends Hiring Daniel Penny". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 6, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
66. Uebelacker, Erik (October 3, 2024). "'I'm not trying to kill the guy': Prosecutors show Daniel Penny's first interview with detectives to NY court" . Courthouse News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2024.
67. Woodward, Alex (May 12, 2023). "Jordan Neely – latest: Daniel Penny identified as ex-Marine who fatally choked homeless passenger". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023.
68. Bisram, Jennifer; Maldonado, Zinnia (May 5, 2023). "Pressure mounting on Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg to charge Marine veteran in Jordan Neely's death". CBS News New York. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
69. Dow, Jay (June 12, 2023). "Daniel Penny speaks out about Jordan Neely encounter". PIX11 . Retrieved June 21, 2023.
70. Madani, Doha (June 12, 2023). "Daniel Penny disputes he held Jordan Neely in a chokehold for 15 minutes on NYC subway". NBC News. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
71. Maldonado, Zinnia; Rozner, Liza (June 12, 2023). "Daniel Penny says Jordan Neely threatened to kill subway riders before deadly chokehold on video released by his attorneys". CBS News. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
72. Li, David K.; Dienst, Jonathan (May 8, 2023). "Jordan Neely's family lashes out at Marine who put him in deadly chokehold on subway". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
73. Neukam, Stephen (May 5, 2023). "Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg probing chokehold death of man on NYC subway". The Hill. Archived from the original on May 16, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
74. Bisram, Jennifer; Maldonado, Zinnia (May 3, 2023). "Medical examiner rules Jordan Neely's death a homicide after subway chokehold". CBS News New York. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
75. Diaz, Jaclyn (May 12, 2023). "Daniel Penny is charged with second-degree manslaughter in the death of Jordan Neely". NPR . Retrieved December 8, 2023.
76. Cramer, Maria (May 17, 2023). "Why Prosecutors Waited Before They Charged Daniel Penny" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
77. Maldonado, Zinnia; Rozner, Lisa (June 12, 2023). "Daniel Penny says Jordan Neely threatened to kill subway riders before deadly chokehold on video released by his attorneys". CBS New York . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
78. Offenhartz, Jake; Caina Calvan, Bobby; Sisak, Michael R. (May 12, 2023). "Marine veteran who fatally choked NYC subway rider Jordan Neely is freed pending trial". Associated Press News. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
79. Crane-Newman, Molly (June 1, 2023). "NYC grand jury impaneled to hear case against Marine veteran Daniel Penny for Jordan Neely chokehold death on subway". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
80. Miller, John (June 15, 2023). "Grand jury votes to indict Marine who held homeless man in fatal chokehold on NYC subway". CNN.
81. Bromwich, Jonah E. (June 28, 2023). "Daniel Penny Pleads Not Guilty to Manslaughter Charge in Subway Killing". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
82. Offenhartz, Jake (June 28, 2023). "Daniel Penny pleads not guilty to revised charges in chokehold death of Jordan Neely on NYC subway". Associated Press . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
83. Max, Samantha (June 28, 2023). "Daniel Penny pleads not guilty to manslaughter charges in subway chokehold case". Gothamist . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
84. Bekiempis, Victoria (October 13, 2024). "Daniel Penny's Deadly Chokehold Shocked the Country. Now, He's Going on Trial For Manslaughter". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
85. "Article 35". NY Senate.
86. Katersky, Aaron; Alfonseca, Kiara (January 17, 2024). "Judge rejects Daniel Penny's bid to dismiss charge in NYC subway chokehold death". ABC News. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
87. Marcelo, Philip (October 21, 2024). "Jury selection begins in the trial of a man charged in a New York City subway chokehold death". AP. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024.
88. Meko, Hurubie; Bayya, Anusha (November 1, 2024). "In Subway Chokehold Trial, Lawyers Spar Over Daniel Penny's Chokehold". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2024.
89. Gainer, Alice (November 15, 2024). "Medical examiner testifies in trial of Daniel Penny for NYC subway chokehold death". CBS New York. Archived from the original on February 13, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
90. Crane-Newman, Molly (October 20, 2024). "Daniel Penny heads to trial for fatal subway chokehold of unarmed NYC homeless man Jordan Neely". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
91. "Defense rests without testimony from Daniel Penny in trial over subway chokehold death". PBS Newshour. November 23, 2024. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024.
92. Miles, Darla (November 8, 2024). "Witnesses in subway chokehold trial testify victim was acting erratically". ABC 7. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025.
93. Gainer, Alice (November 7, 2024). "Witness in Daniel Penny trial says she "thought she was truly going to die" after Jordan Neely boarded subway". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025.
94. Rivoli, Dan (November 8, 2024). "'Scared the living daylights out of everybody,' witness says of Jordan Neely". NY1. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025.
95. Offenhartz, Jake (November 14, 2024). "Former Marine misused a combat technique in fatal chokehold of NYC subway rider, trainer testifies". AP News. Archived from the original on April 26, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
96. Gainer, Alice (November 15, 2024). "Medical examiner testifies in trial of Daniel Penny for NYC subway chokehold death". CBS New York. Archived from the original on February 13, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
97. Gainer, Alice (November 15, 2024). "Medical examiner testifies in trial of Daniel Penny for NYC subway chokehold death". CBS New York. Archived from the original on February 13, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
98. Peltz, Jennifer (November 21, 2024). "Pathologist disputes finding that Marine veteran's chokehold caused subway rider's death". AP News. Archived from the original on April 26, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
99. Max, Samantha (December 5, 2024). "Defense lawyers in NYC subway chokehold case blame sickle cell, echoing George Floyd trial". Gothamist. Archived from the original on February 13, 2025. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
100. Alfonseca, Kiara; Katersky, Aaron (November 27, 2024). "Daniel Penny's subway chokehold trial: The key takeaways". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2024. Retrieved November 27, 2024.
101. del Valle, Lauren; Pazmino, Gloria; Tebor, Celina; Levenson, Eric (December 5, 2024). "Jury deliberates for third day in NYC subway chokehold trial". CNN. Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
102. Griffith, Janelle; Ortiz, Erik (December 9, 2024). "Daniel Penny found not guilty in chokehold death of Jordan Neely". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 12, 2024. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
103. Meko, Hurubie; Bayya, Anusha (December 6, 2024). "Most Serious Charge Dismissed in Subway Trial; Lesser Charge Remains". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2025.
104. "Manslaughter charge against Daniel Penny dismissed after jurors tell judge they can't agree". CBS News. December 6, 2024. Archived from the original on December 9, 2024.
105. Griffith, Janelle (December 6, 2024). "Jury in Daniel Penny trial tells judge they can't reach agreement on manslaughter charge". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved December 10, 2024.{{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 6, 2024 suggested (help)
106. Brachfeld, Ben (December 6, 2024). "Manslaughter Charge Dropped Against Daniel Penny After Jury Deadlocks". People. Archived from the original on December 8, 2024. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
107. Meko, Hurubie; Bayya, Anusha (December 9, 2024). "Daniel Penny Is Acquitted in Death of Jordan Neely on Subway". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 25, 2024.
108. Levenson, Eric (December 11, 2024). "Daniel Penny explains in his own words why he restrained Jordan Neely on the subway for so long". CNN. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025.
109. Simko-Bednarski, Evan (May 5, 2023). "Father of subway chokehold victim Jordan Neely demands answers and an arrest". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 29, 2023– via Yahoo News.
110. Miller, Lisa (December 29, 2023). "Finding Jordan Neely". New York Magazine .
111. Harper, Moses (May 26, 2023). "My Friend Jordan Neely Was Homeless and in Mental Distress. But He Was Not Expendable". The Marshall Project. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
112. Cramer, Maria; Marcius, Chelsia Rose (May 3, 2023). "Subway Rider Choked Homeless Man to Death, Medical Examiner Rules" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
113. Meko, Hurubie; Marcius, Chelsia Rose; Bromwich, Jonah E. (May 4, 2023). "No Arrest in New York Subway Chokehold Death, and Many Want to Know Why" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
114. Cramer, Maria; Mays, Jeffery C. (May 10, 2023). "In a Speech, Mayor Adams Says Jordan Neely's 'Life Mattered'" . The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
115. "New York City Mayor Eric Adams speaks on Jordan Neely's death | full video" (video). CBS News. May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2023– via YouTube.
116. Woodward, Alex; Hurley, Bevan (June 8, 2023). "Jordan Neely – latest: White House addresses 'tragic and deeply disturbing' death of homeless New Yorker". The Independent. Retrieved June 19, 2023– via AOL.com.
117. Katz, Matt; Max, Samantha (May 3, 2023). "No charges yet for man who put Black homeless New Yorker in chokehold on the F train". Gothamist. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
118. Salazar, Julia [@JuliaCarmel__] (May 3, 2023). "This was a lynching" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
119. Bella, Timothy (May 3, 2023). "Man dies on N.Y. subway after rider puts him in minutes-long chokehold" . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
120. Salazar, Julia [@JuliaCarmel__] (May 3, 2023). "A man named Jordan Neely was choked to death in public on the subway this week while people watched and even cheered. This is horrific. The constant demonization of poor people and people in mental health crisis in our city allows for this barbarism. It is making our city sick" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
121. Anuta, Joe (May 5, 2023). "Eric Adams attacked for subway safety approach after killing of Jordan Neely". Politico . Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
122. Rios, Edwin (May 4, 2023). "New York mayor and police criticized for lack of action over Jordan Neely's death". The Guardian. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
123. Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria [@AOC] (May 3, 2023). "Jordan Neely was murdered. But bc Jordan was houseless and crying for food in a time when the city is raising rents and stripping services to militarize itself while many in power demonize the poor, the murderer gets protected w/ passive headlines + no charges. It's disgusting" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
124. "Transcript: Mayor Adams Appears Live On CNN's 'CNN Primetime'". The Official Website of the City of New York. City of New York, Office of the Mayor. May 3, 2023. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
125. White, Rebecca; Parascandola, Rocco; Stamey, Mark; McShane, Larry (May 6, 2023). "Hero or killer? Opinions over subway chokehold death of Jordan Neely has divided NYC". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
126. Mueller, Julia (May 15, 2023). "Online fund raises nearly $2 million for Daniel Penny's legal defense in subway case". The Hill . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
127. "Daniel Penny's Legal Defense Fund". GiveSendGo. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
128. Bella, Timothy (May 13, 2023). "Conservatives hail Daniel Penny as 'hero' after killing man on subway" . The Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved May 14, 2023.
129. Thakker, Prem; Otten, Tori (November 1, 2022). "Conservatives: It's 'Anti-Hero' to Arrest Daniel Penny for Killing Jordan Neely". The New Republic. ISSN   0028-6583 . Retrieved May 14, 2023.
130. Roush, Ty. "DeSantis And Gaetz Applaud 'Hero' Daniel Penny—Charged With Manslaughter For Killing Jordan Neely". Forbes. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
131. Weissert, Will (May 21, 2023). "2024 GOP Hopefuls Rush to Defend Daniel Penny After Deadly NYC Subway Chokehold". WNBC. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
132. Haley, Nikki [@NikkiHaley] (May 17, 2023). "Governor @KathyHochul should pardon Daniel Penny" (Tweet). Retrieved May 23, 2023– via Twitter.
133. Chayes, Matthew (May 24, 2023). "NYC rally supporting chokehold suspect Daniel Penny, organized by Nassau Executive Bruce Blakeman, disrupted by counter-demonstrators". Newsday. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
134. Wethington, Caleb (May 30, 2023). "TN representative sponsors resolution to 'honor' veteran accused of choking NYC subway rider to death". WSMV-TV . Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
135. "Text of 118th Congress, House Resolution 448". Govtrack.
136. Ogles, Andrew (May 25, 2023). "House Resolution 448 – Recognizing and honoring Daniel Penny of West Islip, New York, for his heroism and courage in apprehending a threat to public safety". Congress.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
137. "H.Res. 448: Overview". GovTrack.
138. Toropin, Konstantin (May 9, 2023). "A Marine Vet Used a Chokehold Leading to a Man's Death. The Technique, Taught in Basic Training, Faces Fresh Scrutiny". Military.com. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
139. Cramer, Maria (May 14, 2023). "On the Right, Support and Donations Pour In for Daniel Penny" . The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
140. Italiano, Laura (June 28, 2023). "Daniel Penny learned the chokehold that killed Jordan Neely in Marine boot camp. He likely didn't learn when to let go". Business Insider . Retrieved June 30, 2023.
141. Bartholomew, Jem (May 31, 2023). "Q&A: Andy Newman on the death of Jordan Neely and covering homelessness in New York City". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on May 31, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
142. Shuham, Matt (May 15, 2023). "How The Media Made A Villain Out Of Jordan Neely". HuffPost . Retrieved June 24, 2023.
143. Martinez, Jose; Honan, Katie (May 4, 2023). "Anger Mounts Over Lack of Charges in the Killing of Jordan Neely". The City . Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
144. Caplan, Anna Lazarus (May 4, 2023). "N.Y.C Subway Chokehold Death of Jordan Neely Ruled Homicide by Medical Examiner as Outrage Grows". People. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
145. Hoogensen, Finn; Euzarraga, Matthew (May 4, 2023). "Protest held in Brooklyn over chokehold death of Jordan Neely". PIX11 News. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
146. Keith, Stephanie (May 5, 2023). "Photos: Protestors march from Brooklyn to Manhattan over the murder of Jordan Neely". Brooklyn Magazine . Archived from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
147. Kilander, Gustaf (May 4, 2023). "Black Lives Matter and NAACP join Democrats in calling for accountability in Jordan Neely killing". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
148. "Amnesty International Decries Death of Jordan Neely and Calls for Accountability" (Press release). Amnesty International USA. May 4, 2023. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
149. "Protesters rally at Manhattan subway station to call for charges in Jordan Neely's death". News 12 Brooklyn. May 7, 2023. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
150. Seiwell, Emma (May 6, 2023). "Jordan Neely chokehold protesters take over Manhattan subway stop and jump to tracks; numerous arrests reported". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
151. Bauman, Ali (May 8, 2023). "Protesters clash with police at demonstrations over Jordan Neely's death, 11 arrested". CBS News New York. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
152. "Misdemeanor charges dropped for demonstrators arrested at Jordan Neely protest". CBS New York . June 23, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
153. Max, Samantha (June 23, 2023). "Manhattan DA drops misdemeanor charges against people who protested Jordan Neely killing". Gothamist . Retrieved June 24, 2023.