Killing of Jamar Clark

Last updated

Killing of Jamar Clark
Release the Tapes - Jamar Clark - MPD Federation, Black Lives Matter Minneapolis (23404779002).jpg
Community members gather outside the offices of the Police Officers Federation of Minneapolis, the Minneapolis Police Department's union on December 3, 2015.
DateNovember 15, 2015 (2015-11-15)
Time12:45 am
Location1600 Plymouth Avenue North, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Coordinates 44°59′29.3″N93°18′06.7″W / 44.991472°N 93.301861°W / 44.991472; -93.301861
TypeShooting
ParticipantsMark Ringgenberg
Dustin Schwarze
OutcomeNo charges filed
$200,000 civil settlement granted to Clark's family
DeathsJamar Clark

On November 15, 2015, two police officers fatally shot Jamar Clark, a 24-year-old African-American man, in Minneapolis. The two shooters were Mark Ringgenberg and Dustin Schwarze. They were a part of the Minneapolis Police Department which subsequently placed the men on paid administrative leave. The night after Ringgenberg and Schwarze shot him, Clark died at the Hennepin County Medical Center after being taken off life support. His death resulted from one of the gunshot wounds the shooters inflicted on November 15. [1]

Contents

In response to the shooting, Black Lives Matter organized protests outside the Fourth Precinct police station that lasted for 18 days, as well as other protests and demonstrations in and around Minneapolis. Hennepin County Attorney Mike Freeman announced that cases concerning officer-involved shootings would no longer be put before grand juries, but instead his office would make the decision to file criminal charges. On March 30, 2016, Freeman announced that no charges would be filed against Ringgenberg and Schwarze. Freeman concluded that the officers acted in accordance with Minnesota Statutes authorizing deadly force and that the state would be unable to provide evidence that the officer's use of force was unlawful.

In 2019, Clark's family agreed to a $200,000 civil settlement which was approved by city council. [2] [3]

Jamar Clark

Jamar Clark (May 3, 1991 – November 16, 2015) was adopted by Wilma and James Clark when he was four. His family stated that he had a close relationship with his biological and adoptive parents and his 14 siblings. Clark had endured a difficult childhood but despite this, was on his way to turning his life around. [4] At the time of the shooting, he was employed by Tim Hoag at Copeland Trucking and had hopes of attending college, although he never enrolled. [5]

Clark had previous encounters with law enforcement, beginning in 2010 when he received a felony conviction for first-degree aggravated robbery. [6] The conviction resulted in a sentence of 41 months in prison, of which it is unclear how many Clark served. [7] Clark faced a second conviction for terroristic threats [6] after he threatened to burn down the apartment of an ex-girlfriend in March 2015, following a bitter breakup. According to Kyle Potter of the Associated Press, "He threw a brick through his ex-girlfriend's window and threatened to burn her apartment unit down -- leaving behind a trail of lighter fluid to prove it, according to court documents." [5] As of November 2015, he was on probation for this crime. [5] Potter wrote that Clark's ex-girlfriend described him as "a nurturing, loving man who was drawn to her four children, giving them advice and helping them sell candy for school", but that she also said that their relationship soured in recent times, resulting in their breakup. [5] A Domestic Abuse No Contact Order was issued for Clark, requiring him to stay away from the ex-girlfriend until 2020. [8] Additionally, Clark was awaiting trial for a high-speed chase arrest from July 2015. [5]

Shooting

Jamar Clark was attending the birthday party of Nekelia Sharp, who was hosting the event at her apartment on the 1600 block of Plymouth Avenue North in Minneapolis. [9] Sharp and her husband engaged in a dispute and Clark's girlfriend grabbed Sharp, after which Sharp and Clark's girlfriend fought. [9] Clark stepped in to pull his girlfriend away and, according to Sharp, Clark's girlfriend hit him. [9] The pair left and soon, someone called for help and paramedics were called. [9] Sharp let them into her apartment and they escorted Clark's girlfriend to the ambulance, which Clark approached after she had entered it. [9] An onlooker reported that both the paramedics and police who had arrived at the scene asked Clark to step away from the ambulance and that police then stepped out of their car, arrested Clark on the ground, and the EMS supervisor placed a knee on Clark's chest, after which point he was shot. [9]

County Attorney accounts say that Clark got into a confrontation with paramedics and then when police officers responded at 12:45 a.m., a struggle ensued, Clark obtained the officer's gun, leading to the shooting by the other officer. Hennepin County Attorney Mike Freeman said that Clark was resisting and was not handcuffed. [10] In a statement on November 16, police chief Janeé Harteau said that the Minneapolis Police Department's preliminary information was that Clark was not restrained with handcuffs when shot. [11] An autopsy report, released on November 17, by the Hennepin County Medical Examiner concluded that Clark died from a gunshot wound to the head. [1]

The President of the Minneapolis Police Union Bob Kroll said that Clark was actively resisting arrest and tried to take the weapon of one of the officers, and that he was not handcuffed at the moment of the shooting. [12] [13] Clark's DNA was found on the handle of one of the officers' gun. Mike Freeman said there was no forensic evidence on Clark's arm indicating he was handcuffed at the time of shooting. In addition, he stated that 10 law enforcement and paramedic witnesses including the officers involved said he was not handcuffed. [14]

The United States Department of Justice Department declined to prosecute the officers, saying it found "insufficient evidence" for criminal civil rights charges. The federal government decision followed a separate investigation in March by Minnesota's Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA), which concluded that the officers acted in self-defense and would not face criminal charges for the killing. Schwarze shot Clark only after Ringgenberg scuffled with the young man, according to the BCA findings. Clark allegedly took control of the officer's gun and Ringgenberg told Schwarze to open fire. The department's internal investigation confirmed those findings. They "concluded the use of deadly force in the line of duty was necessary to protect an officer from apparent death or great bodily harm." [15]

Other accounts have disputed the police's version of events. Nekelia Sharp said that the shooting occurred while Clark was handcuffed and not resisting. Teto Wilson, who visited a nearby club, said he saw Clark "perfectly still, laying [sic] on the ground" when he was shot. Keisha Steele, who lived near the area of the shooting, said she saw Clark's hands behind his back. [9] Everett Spicer arrived at the scene after the shooting, and said he saw a motionless Clark handcuffed on the ground. Spicer said police removed the handcuffs from Clark as emergency medical services arrived to tend to him. [16] In its decision to not charge the officers, the Department of Justice said that eyewitness accounts were inconsistent. Half of the witness interviewed said that Clark was not handcuffed. Among those that said he was handcuffed at the time of the shooting, federal authorities said that witness accounts varied regarding the timing and sequence of events, and if one or both hands were cuffed. [17]

Political reaction

Immediate response

Mayor Betsy Hodges (center) and Police Chief Janee Harteau (right) on the day of the shooting Jamar Clark Listening Session - Mayor Betsy Hodges and Chief Janee Harteau (22428839674).jpg
Mayor Betsy Hodges (center) and Police Chief Janeé Harteau (right) on the day of the shooting

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) issued a statement condemning the shooting and demanded an independent investigation. [18] The Police Officers Federation of Minneapolis defended the officers' actions during the shooting, adding that they had no previous disciplinary issues and pointing out a preceding incident in which an Aitkin County sheriff's deputy was disarmed and killed with his own gun. [8]

Administrative leave

Mark Ringgenberg and Dustin Schwarze, who had been with the department for 13 months, both were subsequently placed on paid administrative leave while the investigation was conducted. [19]

Local politics

Minneapolis Mayor Betsy Hodges stated that she contacted the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice and the US Attorney for Minnesota in order to an outside investigation in the "interest of transparency and community confidence." [20] Although Minnesota's Bureau of Criminal Apprehension had already begun an investigation, Hodges indicated that Minneapolis needed "all the tools we have available to us" to investigate the shooting. [20]

Protests

"Release the Tapes" - banner across the street from the Minneapolis Police Department's 4th Precinct during the fifth night of demonstrations following the police shooting death of Jamar Clark. Release the Tapes - Black Lives Matter Minneapolis (23122411166).jpg
"Release the Tapes" - banner across the street from the Minneapolis Police Department's 4th Precinct during the fifth night of demonstrations following the police shooting death of Jamar Clark.
Nekima Levy-Pounds speaks during a Black Lives Matter demonstration for Clark in Minneapolis. Nekima Levy-Pounds - Jamar Clark Press Conference.jpg
Nekima Levy-Pounds speaks during a Black Lives Matter demonstration for Clark in Minneapolis.

Black Lives Matter (BLM) activists and supporters protested for days outside the police precinct, protesting against information hiding, demanding for release of police dashcam and bodycam videos containing material evidence that can settle the truth of police accounts of the incident. [21] [22]

Minneapolis City Council Member Lisa Bender shares her support for peaceful demonstrators on the fifth night of protests outside the Minneapolis Police Department's 4th Precinct Minneapolis City Council Member Lisa Bender - Justice for Jamar Clark (22780495869).jpg
Minneapolis City Council Member Lisa Bender shares her support for peaceful demonstrators on the fifth night of protests outside the Minneapolis Police Department's 4th Precinct

Shooting of protesters

On November 23, a group of four men, three wearing masks, were asked to leave the protest. [23] The group was chased away from the demonstration by about a dozen protesters before one turned and opened fire at around 10:45 p.m. [24] Five male protesters were shot, but none of them suffered life-threatening injuries. [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] One of the injured protesters later said he heard the word "nigger" being used during the incident, although he did not state who exactly said it. [29] Shots were also overheard the following night, though no injuries were reported. [30]

At 11:20 a.m. the next day, a 23-year-old white man was taken into custody in Bloomington. [24] [26] [27] A 32-year-old Hispanic man was arrested in Minneapolis, but was later released after it was determined he was not at the scene of the shooting. [26] At 2:30 p.m., two white men, ages 21 and 26, turned themselves in to police.[ citation needed ] Four men were charged in the shootings: Lawrence Scarsella, 23, with riot and five counts of assault (both in the second degree), and Daniel Thomas Macey, 26, Nathan Wayne Gustavsson, 21, and Joseph Martin Backman, 27, each with a charge of second-degree riot. [30]

Several of the men in custody are believed to have posted on 4chan's /pol/ and /k/ imageboards in connection with the shooting. [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] Days before the shooting, the suspects had released a video of them using racial slurs while preparing to bring their weapons to a protest that night. [37]

As of March 14, 2016, attorneys for the men charged have motioned to dismiss the case based on self-defense. The motion says that the protesters wanted to "beat their asses" because they were white, KKK, or police. Interviews with two protesters indicate that the men charged were assaulted prior to being forced from the protest at which point they were followed for a number of blocks, before the men fired upon the group. The dismissal motion also indicates that there is video evidence saying that one of the alleged gunmen raised their hands in surrender before leaving and being assaulted afterwards. [38] [39]

On January 24, 2017, current Burnsville Police Department and former Mankato PD officer Bret Levin, friend of Scarsella since high school, testified that he and Scarsella had exchanged "racially charged" texts, explicitly "negative about black people," on multiple occasions. [40]

On April 26, 2017, Scarsella was sentenced to 15 years for the shooting. [41] [42] Charges against Macey were dismissed on February 27, 2017, as he was not with Scarsella at the time of the shooting, they were separated when pursued by protesters. [43] On July 20, 2017, Gustavsson was sentenced to eight months in the workhouse, with credit for nearly two months of time served in jail after pleading guilty to felony second-degree riot and aiding an offender after the fact. Backman was sentenced to 90 days of house arrest for aiding an offender after the fact, the riot charge against him was dismissed for the same reason Macey's charges were stayed. [44]

Removal of protest camp

The protest camp on November 25 4th Precinct Shutdown, Black Lives Matter Minneapolis (23237990580).jpg
The protest camp on November 25

Protesters had camped outside of the 4th precinct for 18 days. At 4:00 a.m. on December 3, police arrived and handed out fliers stating protesters had ten minutes to leave. Later police began removing the encampments and most of the protesters left. Eight protesters who refused to leave were placed under arrest. [45]

Subsequent protests

Black Lives Matter staged a December 23 protest of Clark's death at the Mall of America in Bloomington, a year after a similar protest in December 2014. The Mall sought to block the 2015 demonstrations, resulting in three of the protest's organizers being legally barred from entering the space. [46] Protesters marched from the mall then took Metro Transit trains to the Terminal 2 station of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport where they were blocked by police and Terminal 2 security checkpoints were closed. Other protesters drove to Terminal 1 and blocked incoming airport traffic on Minnesota State Highway 5. A total 13 demonstrators were arrested. [47]

Another protest was conducted on January 18, 2016 (Martin Luther King, Jr. Day), with demonstrators against the deaths of Clark and Marcus Golden (a man who Saint Paul police had killed a year prior) blocking the Lake Street-Marshall Bridge for a short time. Protesters insisted that a special prosecutor should hear Clark's case, instead of a grand jury convening to decide whether Clark's shooting was justified. [48]

During events of the 2020–2021 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest, Clark's name was featured in protests alongside other Black men who were killed by police. [49] Protests in Clark's name were still being held in Minneapolis at least seven years after his death. [50]

In February 2016, per the requests of local officials, the U.S. Department of Justice's Community Oriented Policing Services office announced that they would be conducting a review of the way the city handled the November protests. [51] On March 16, Mike Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, announced that his office would cease the use of grand juries in shootings involving police officers. Freeman announced this because he believed that the use of a grand jury would not provide a transparent and fair trial (Lissargue, Jennie). The announcement was met with approval from activists and described by the Star Tribune as a "rare move" with potential ramifications throughout the country. [52] Later in March, in preparation for Freeman's office's announcement about whether they would be pursuing charges against Ringgenberg and Schwarze, Harteau released a video warning against "violence or disruption" based on Freeman's actions. [51] On March 30, Freeman announced that no charges against the officers would be filed. [53] The officers were not charged because the county was not able to prove that beyond a reasonable doubt that the officers that were involved in the shooting, shot Jamar Clark unjustifiably, as stated in Minnesota Statutes, section 609.066.

On June 13, 2019, Schwartze was removed as a plaintiff in a civil lawsuit filed by Clark's family. [54] In August 2019, Attorneys for Clark's family confirmed that the family accepted a $200,000 settlement. [55] This settlement sum was much larger than previous five-figures settlement proposal which city leaders offered in May 2019. [3] The settlement went into effect after being approved by the Minneapolis City Council on August 23, 2019. [2]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael O. Freeman</span> American politician

Michael Orville Freeman is an American attorney and politician who served as the county attorney for Hennepin County from 2007 to 2023. While in office, he was the official responsible overseeing several high-profile criminal cases of excessive police force, including several unlawful killings by law enforcement officers. Freeman filed criminal charges against Derek Chauvin and three other Minneapolis police officers responsible for the murder of George Floyd in 2020, before the Minnesota Attorney General's office took over the case.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minneapolis Police Department</span> Minnesota, United States law enforcement agency

The Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) is the primary law enforcement agency in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is also the largest police department in Minnesota. Formed in 1867, it is the second-oldest police department in Minnesota, after the Saint Paul Police Department that formed in 1854. A short-lived Board of Police Commissioners existed from 1887 to 1890.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Lives Matter</span> Social movement originating in the US

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a decentralized political and social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and racial inequality experienced by black people, and promote anti-racism. Its primary concerns are incidents of police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people. It started following the killings of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Rekia Boyd, among others. The movement and its related organizations typically advocate for various policy changes considered to be related to black liberation. While there are specific organizations that label themselves simply as "Black Lives Matter," such as the Black Lives Matter Global Network, the overall movement is a decentralized network of people and organizations with no formal hierarchy. The slogan "Black Lives Matter" itself remains untrademarked by any group. Despite being characterized by some as a violent movement, the overwhelming majority of its public demonstrations have been peaceful.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nekima Levy Armstrong</span> American lawyer and civil right activist

Nekima Valdez Levy Armstrong is an American lawyer and social justice activist. She was president of the Minneapolis chapter of the NAACP from 2015 to 2016. She has led a variety of organizations that focus on issues of racial equality and disparity in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea Jenkins</span> American writer

Andrea Jenkins is an American politician, writer, performance artist, poet, and transgender activist. She is known for being the first Black openly transgender woman elected to public office in the United States, since January 2018 on the Minneapolis City Council and as the council's president from January 2022 to January 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of George Floyd</span> 2020 police murder in Minneapolis, U.S.

On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black American man, was murdered in Minneapolis by Derek Chauvin, a 44-year-old white police officer. Floyd had been arrested after a store clerk alleged that he made a purchase using a counterfeit $20 bill. Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face-down in a street. Two other police officers, J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane, assisted Chauvin in restraining Floyd. Lane had also pointed a gun at Floyd's head before Floyd was handcuffed. A fourth police officer, Tou Thao, prevented bystanders from intervening.

The following is a timeline of race relations and policing in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, providing details with a history of policing in the Twin Cities in the U.S. state of Minnesota from the nineteenth century to the present day. The Hennepin County Sheriff's Office, with its headquarters in downtown Minneapolis, is one of the "largest law enforcement agencies in Minnesota" with division and unit facilities throughout Hennepin County. Twin cities, Saint Paul and Minneapolis, have their own police departments, the Minneapolis Police Department, which was established in 1867 and the Saint Paul Police Department. A union for rank and file officers in Minneapolis—the Police Officers Federation of Minneapolis —was established in 1917.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul</span> Over murder of unarmed black man

Local protests over the murder of George Floyd, sometimes called the Minneapolis riots or Minneapolis uprising, began on May 26, 2020, and within a few days had inspired a global protest movement against police brutality and racial inequality. The initial events were a reaction to a video filmed the day before and circulated widely in the media of police officer Derek Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds while Floyd struggled to breathe, begged for help, lost consciousness, and died. Public outrage over the content of the video gave way to widespread civil disorder in Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and other cities in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area over the five-day period of May 26 to 30 after Floyd's murder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek</span> Vehicle-ramming attack in Minneapolis in June 2021

Deona Marie Knajdek, a 31-year old American woman, was killed on June 13, 2021, when a man drove a car into a crowd of demonstrators who had gathered as a part of the Uptown Minneapolis unrest. That evening, demonstrators protesting the law enforcement killing of Winston Boogie Smith had blocked the intersection of West Lake Street and Girard Avenue. At approximately 11:39 p.m. CDT, a man in a late-model Jeep Cherokee drove into the crowd at a high speed, striking a parked vehicle that had been used to block off the intersection to traffic, which then collided with protesters, killing Knajdek and injuring three others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States racial unrest (2020–present)</span> Mass civil unrest driven by police brutality

A wave of civil unrest in the United States, initially triggered by the murder of George Floyd during his arrest by Minneapolis police officers on May 25, 2020, led to protests and riots against systemic racism in the United States, such as in the form of police violence and other forms of violence. Since then, numerous other incidents of police brutality have drawn continued attention and unrest in various parts of the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</span> Unrest after a suicide incident

False rumors of a police shooting resulted in rioting, arson, and looting in the U.S. city of Minneapolis from August 26–28, 2020. The events began as a reaction to the suicide of Eddie Sole Jr., a 38-year old black man who was being pursued by Minneapolis police officers for his alleged involvement in a homicide. At approximately 2 p.m. on August 26, Sole died after he shot himself in the head as officers approached to arrest him. False rumors quickly spread on social media that Minneapolis police officers had fatally shot Sole. To quell unrest, Minneapolis police released closed-circuit television surveillance footage that captured Sole's suicide, which was later confirmed by a Hennepin County Medical Examiner's autopsy report.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Floyd Square occupied protest</span> Civil conflict at the location of George Floyds murder

As a reaction to the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, racial justice activists and some residents of the Powderhorn community in Minneapolis staged an occupation protest at the intersection of East 38th Street and Chicago Avenue with a blockade of the streetway lasting over a year. The street intersection is where Derek Chauvin, a White police officer with the Minneapolis Police Department, murdered George Floyd, an unarmed 46-year-old Black man. Activists erected barricades to block vehicular traffic and transformed the street intersection and surrounding structures with amenities, social services, and public art of Floyd and that of other racial justice themes. The community referred to the unofficial memorial and protest zone at the street intersection as "George Floyd Square". The controversial street occupation in 2020 and 2021 was described as an “autonomous” zone and a "no-go" place for police, but local officials disputed the extent of such characterizations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Dolal Idd</span> Police shooting of a man in Minneapolis

Dolal Idd was a 23-year-old Somali-American man who was killed in an exchange of gunfire with Minneapolis police officers at approximately 6:15 p.m. CST on December 30, 2020, after he shot at them from inside the car he was driving. The fatal encounter happened in the U.S. state of Minnesota during a police sting operation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daunte Wright protests</span> Series of demonstrations and riots in response to a police shooting in April 2021

Protests and civil disorder occurred in reaction to the killing of Daunte Wright on April 11, 2021. Wright, a 20-year-old Black man, was fatally shot by police officer Kimberly Potter during a traffic stop in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, United States. Protests that first began in Brooklyn Center spread to other locations in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area and then to other cities in the United States. Several nights of civil disorder in Brooklyn Center and adjacent cities resulted in sporadic looting and damage to a few hundred properties, including four businesses that were set on fire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul</span> Aftermath of local civil unrest following murder of an unarmed black man

The aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul describes the result of civil disorder between May 26 and June 7, 2020, in the Twin Cities metropolitan area of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Protests began as a response to the murder of George Floyd, a 46-year-old African-American man on May 25, after Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds as three other officers assisted during an arrest. The incident was captured on a bystander's video and it drew public outrage as video quickly circulated in the news media by the following day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Winston Boogie Smith</span> 2021 police killing of a man in Minneapolis, Minnesota

Law enforcement authorities fatally shot Winston Boogie Smith Jr., a 32-year-old black American man, in the Uptown area of Minneapolis at 2:08 p.m. CDT on June 3, 2021. Smith was being pursued by a U.S. Marshals Service task force that apprehends wanted fugitives. The arrest operation had the participation of undercover agents from several local police agencies in Minnesota. The officers did not use body cameras or dashcams when apprehending Smith. Controversy over the lack of law enforcement footage of the arrest operation led to local police agencies ceasing aid to the Marshals Service's fugitive task force, and to changes to body and dash camera policies by the Marshals and other federal law enforcement agencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin</span> Local civil unrest in Minneapolis–Saint Paul

In 2020 and 2021, several protests were held in the U.S. city of Minneapolis that coincided with judicial proceedings and the criminal trial of Derek Chauvin. As an officer with the Minneapolis Police Department, Chauvin was charged with the murder of George Floyd, an unarmed African American man who died during an arrest incident on May 25, 2020. A bystander's video captured Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd struggled to breathe, lost consciousness, and died. Protesters opposed Chauvin's pre-trial release from jail on bail in October 2020. In the lead up to and during the criminal trial in early 2021, demonstrators sought conviction and maximum sentencing for Chauvin, and the enactment of police reform measures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Amir Locke</span> 2022 police killing in Minnesota

Amir Locke, a 22-year-old Black American man, was fatally shot on February 2, 2022, by SWAT officer Mark Hanneman of the Minneapolis Police Department inside an apartment in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where police were executing a no-knock search warrant in a homicide investigation. The officer-involved shooting was reviewed by the office of Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison, the office of Hennepin County attorney Michael Freeman, and the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension. Ellison and Freeman declined to file criminal charges against the officer who shot Locke in a report released on April 6, 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</span> Series of protests and riots in the U.S. state of Minnesota

In the early 2020s, the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in U.S. state of Minnesota experienced a wave of civil unrest, comprising peaceful demonstrations and riots, against systemic racism toward black Americans, notably in the form of police violence. A number of events occurred, beginning soon after the murder of George Floyd, an unarmed black man, by a white Minneapolis police officer on May 25, 2020. National Public Radio characterized the events as cultural reckoning on topics of racial injustice.

References

  1. 1 2 Sepic, Matt; Cox, Peter (November 17, 2015). "Autopsy: Gunshot to head killed Jamar Clark in Mpls. police shooting". Minnesota Public Radio . Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  2. 1 2 Jany, Libor (August 23, 2019). "Minneapolis City Council approves $200,000 settlement in Jamal Clark case". Star Tribune. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  3. 1 2 "Minneapolis agrees to $200K settlement with family of Jamar Clark, pending approval". KSTP. August 8, 2019. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  4. ↑ "Who is Jamar Clark?". StarTribune. March 30, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Potter, Kyle (November 22, 2015). "Jamar Clark's troubled life - and death". Associated Press. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  6. 1 2 Mannix, Andy (November 30, 2015). "Updated: What we know about the shooting of five protesters and the Jamar Clark investigation". MinnPost . Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  7. ↑ Xaykaothao, Doualy (November 18, 2015). "'He should still be here': Parents of Jamar Clark demand the truth". MPR News . Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  8. 1 2 Rachel Chazin (November 19, 2015). "Police union: Jamar Clark went for cop's gun, wasn't cuffed". KSMP. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nelson, Tim (December 4, 2015). "Conflicting accounts: What happened the night Jamar Clark was shot?". MPR News . Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Freeman declines charges in Clark shooting". Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  11. ↑ Walsh, Paul; Jany, Libor (November 15, 2015). "Anger builds after police shoot assault suspect in Minneapolis". Star Tribune . Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  12. ↑ KARE 11 staff (November 18, 2015). "Union: Clark shot while trying to take officer's gun". KARE-TV . Retrieved November 20, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[ permanent dead link ]
  13. ↑ Zurowski, Cory (November 18, 2015). "Minneapolis police union president: Jamar Clark "was a justifiable shooting"". City Pages . Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  14. ↑ Jamar Clark shooting: no criminal charges for Minneapolis police officers, The guardian
  15. ↑ CNN, Eliott C. McLaughlin and Ray Sanchez (October 22, 2016). "Minneapolis police clear officers in fatal shooting of Jamar Clark". CNN.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  16. ↑ "Jamar Clark Shooting: Witness Says He Was In Handcuffs". KTXL. November 22, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Federal Officials Decline Prosecution in the Death of Jamar Clark". U.S. Department of Justice . June 1, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  18. ↑ "Minneapolis Police Murder Jamar Clark". NAACP. November 15, 2015.
  19. ↑ Cleary, Tom (November 24, 2015). "Jamar Clark: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy . Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  20. 1 2 "Minneapolis Seeks Civil Rights Investigation into Police Shooting of Jamar Clark". NBC News . Associated Press. November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  21. ↑ Chuck, Elizabeth (November 19, 2015). "Tension Rises Between Protesters, Police After Killing of Unarmed Minneapolis Man". NBC News . Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Minneapolis NAACP chief demands release of video of Minnesota shooting". Yahoo News. Reuters. November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  23. ↑ Forliti, Amy; Karnowski, Steve (November 25, 2015). "Group raised suspicions before 5 were shot at police protest".
  24. 1 2 3 Zamora, Karen. "3 men in custody, 1 released in Minneapolis 4th Precinct protest shooting". Star Tribune . Retrieved January 16, 2015.
  25. ↑ Smith, Mary Lynn. "Five people were shot near Black Lives Matter protest site". Star Tribune . Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  26. 1 2 3 Baumhardt, Alex; Lowery, Wesley; Berman, Mark. "Minneapolis police say three people in custody after shooting injures five near protests, one suspect released". Washington Post. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  27. 1 2 Wagner, Laura (November 24, 2015). "3 People In Custody In Shooting Of 5 Black Lives Matter Protesters In Minneapolis". npr.org. National Public Radio . Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  28. ↑ Payne, Ed. "3 in custody after shooting near Jamar Clark protest site in Minneapolis". CNN . Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Court document says Minneapolis Black Lives Matter Jamar Clark protest shooting suspect confessed to police officer friend". CBS News. November 24, 2015. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  30. 1 2 Berman, Mark (November 30, 2015). "Four men charged after protesters shot near Minneapolis police protests". Washington Post . Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  31. ↑ Kaplan, Sarah (December 1, 2015). "Minn. man accused in Black Lives Matter shootings reportedly subscribed to 'sovereign citizen' subculture". The Washington Post . Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  32. ↑ Cush, Andy (November 24, 2015). "Video Shows 4chan White Supremacists Bringing Gun to Minneapolis Protest Days Before Shooting". Gawker. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  33. ↑ Feldman, Brian (November 25, 2015). "Inside /pol/, the 4chan Politics Board Shouted Out in Minneapolis Gun Video". New York Magazine. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  34. ↑ Furber, Matt (November 25, 2015). "4 Arrested in Shooting at Black Lives Matter Protest Are Identified". The New York Times . Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  35. ↑ McKay, Tom (November 28, 2015). "4chan Tentatively Linked to Shooting at Black Lives Matter Rally in Minneapolis". Mic . Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  36. ↑ "State of Minnesota vs Allen Lawrence Scarsella" (PDF). Star Tribune . Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  37. ↑ Miller, Michael. "The chilling video that foreshadowed violence days before Minneapolis shootings". Washington Post. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  38. ↑ Chanen, David (March 3, 2016). "Man charged with assault in shooting outside Mpls. police precinct HQ files motion to dismiss". Star Tribune . Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  39. ↑ Zamora, Karen (March 13, 2016). "Alleged shooter in clash at 4th Precinct protest has Tuesday court date". Star Tribune . Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  40. ↑ Stahl, Brandon (January 24, 2017). "Officer testifies that he exchanged 'racially charged' texts with accused protest shooter". Star Tribune. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  41. ↑ Moini, Nina (April 26, 2017). "Man Gets 15 Years For Shooting 5 Black Lives Matter Protesters". CBS Minnesota.
  42. ↑ "Minnesota man gets 15 years for shooting 5 Black Lives Matter protesters". April 27, 2017.
  43. ↑ Stahl, Brandon (February 28, 2017). "Judge tosses charges against one of four involved in Fourth Precinct protest shooting". Star Tribune.
  44. ↑ Walsh, Paul (July 20, 2017). "2 sentenced for aiding man who shot Black Lives Matter protesters at Fourth Precinct". Star Tribune.
  45. ↑ "Minneapolis police clear protesters from 4th precinct". Fox 9. November 24, 2015. Archived from the original on December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  46. ↑ Holpuch, Amanda (December 23, 2015). "Black Lives Matter protest shuts down Mall of America and airport terminal". The Guardian . Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  47. ↑ Smith, Kelly; Chanen, David; Reinan, John (December 24, 2015). "Black Lives Matter protests spill over to light rail, airport". Star Tribune . Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  48. ↑ DeLage, Jaime (January 18, 2016). "Black Lives Matter stages Marshall Avenue-Lake Street bridge rally on MLK Day". St. Paul Pioneer Press . Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  49. ↑ Rupar, Aaron (June 15, 2021). "What we know about the police killing of Winston Smith and the death of protester Deona Knajdek". Vox. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  50. ↑ Palmer, Jaelynne; Sundin, Jess (November 17, 2022). "Minneapolis: Police murder of Jamar Clark marked by family, community". Fight Back! News. Retrieved November 21, 2022.
  51. 1 2 Jany, Libor (March 25, 2016). "As Jamar Clark decision looms, police say violence won't be tolerated". Star Tribune . Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  52. ↑ Chanen, David; Jany, Libor (March 16, 2016). "Hennepin County to stop using grand juries in officer-involved shootings". Star Tribune . Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  53. ↑ Walsh, Paul (March 30, 2016). "No charges against police officers in Jamar Clark shooting death". Star Tribune . Retrieved March 30, 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  54. ↑ "Minneapolis police officer officially dismissed from Jamar Clark civil lawsuit". Fox 9 News. June 13, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  55. ↑ Williams, Brandt (August 9, 2019). "Attorneys for Jamar Clark family members confirm agreement on $200,000 settlement". MPR News. Retrieved May 1, 2021.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.