Cape Borda

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Cape Borda
South Australia
Cape Borda Lighthouse.jpg
Cape Borda Lighthouse
Australia South Australia location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Cape Borda
Coordinates 35°44′57.2274″S136°35′15.612″E / 35.749229833°S 136.58767000°E / -35.749229833; 136.58767000
Elevation61 m (200 ft) [1]
Location70 km (43 mi) west of Kingscote

Cape Borda is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located in the gazetted locality of Cape Borda on the north west tip of Kangaroo Island about 70 km (43 mi) west of the municipal seat of Kingscote. It was named after Jean-Charles de Borda (1733–1799), the French mathematician, physicist, naturalist and sailor, by the Baudin expedition to Australia during January 1803. It has been the site of an operating lighthouse since 1858 and is currently located within the Flinders Chase National Park.

Contents

Description

Cape Borda is located in the gazetted locality of Cape Borda about 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of Kingscote. It is the most north westerly point of the Kangaroo Island coast. [2] It is the termination for a pair of coastlines – the western coastline extending from Cape du Couedic in the south and the northern coastline extending from Point Marsden in the east. It is described as ‘a bold cliffy headland, 61 metres (200 feet) high’ with ‘the upper half of the cliff is formed of white limestone, and the lower half is very dark volcanic rock’ and that ‘the hills at the cape rise to a height of more than 152 metres (499 feet) and are covered with small scrub.’ [1] [3]

Formation, geology & oceanography

Cape Borda was formed when the sea reached its present level 7,500 years ago after sea levels started to rise at the start of the Holocene. [4] The cliff line which includes Cape Borda consists of base strata of a metasandstone belonging to the Kanmantoo group bedrock such as Middleton Sandstone and Balquhidder Formation, overlaid by a relatively thick capping of Bridgewater Formation calcarenite rock. [4] [5] The water adjoining the cliff face at Cape Borda drops to depths ranging between 20 metres (66 feet) to 30 metres (98 feet). [5]

History

Aboriginal use

By 1999, the literature had not cited any archaeological discoveries specific to Aboriginal use of land in the immediate vicinity of Cape Borda. [6]

European discovery

Cape Borda was named in January 1803 by the Baudin expedition of 1800-03 in the memory of Jean-Charles de Borda (1733–1799), the French mathematician, physicist, naturalist and sailor. [7] [ need quotation to verify ]

The lighthouse at Cape Borda was the third of three provided for by legislation; the others being erected at Cape Willoughby and Troubridge Shoals (now called Troubridge Island). The light was officially lit on 13 July 1858 and was named the ‘Flinders Light’ in August 1858 in memory of Matthew Flinders. [8] [9] [10]

Fauna

The coast near the Cape Borda lighthouse previously supported colonies of little penguins [11] which are now believed to be extinct. Causes for local extinction are likely to include (but not be limited to) predation by increasing New Zealand fur seal populations and changes in prey availability. [12]

Protected area status

Cape Borda is currently located within the protected area known as the Flinders Chase National Park. [13] As of 2012, the waters surrounding its shores are part of a sanctuary zone located within the boundaries of the Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park. [14]

Climate

Climate data for Cape Borda (143m ASL)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)39.0
(102.2)		37.9
(100.2)		34.0
(93.2)		29.2
(84.6)		24.8
(76.6)		20.4
(68.7)		20.0
(68.0)		22.0
(71.6)		26.5
(79.7)		32.6
(90.7)		34.4
(93.9)		37.0
(98.6)		39.0
(102.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)23.0
(73.4)		23.3
(73.9)		21.3
(70.3)		18.7
(65.7)		16.4
(61.5)		14.6
(58.3)		13.9
(57.0)		14.0
(57.2)		15.1
(59.2)		16.9
(62.4)		19.4
(66.9)		21.2
(70.2)		18.2
(64.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)18.4
(65.1)		18.8
(65.8)		17.5
(63.5)		15.6
(60.1)		13.8
(56.8)		12.2
(54.0)		11.5
(52.7)		11.5
(52.7)		12.2
(54.0)		13.5
(56.3)		15.3
(59.5)		16.9
(62.4)		14.8
(58.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)13.8
(56.8)		14.3
(57.7)		13.6
(56.5)		12.4
(54.3)		11.2
(52.2)		9.8
(49.6)		9.1
(48.4)		8.9
(48.0)		9.3
(48.7)		10.0
(50.0)		11.2
(52.2)		12.5
(54.5)		11.3
(52.3)
Record low °C (°F)6.1
(43.0)		8.0
(46.4)		7.2
(45.0)		6.7
(44.1)		3.3
(37.9)		1.8
(35.2)		2.2
(36.0)		2.2
(36.0)		2.8
(37.0)		3.3
(37.9)		4.1
(39.4)		6.0
(42.8)		1.8
(35.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches)15.4
(0.61)		16.9
(0.67)		23.7
(0.93)		45.2
(1.78)		79.0
(3.11)		106.4
(4.19)		104.2
(4.10)		86.5
(3.41)		55.3
(2.18)		41.7
(1.64)		26.1
(1.03)		21.0
(0.83)		625.9
(24.64)
Average rainy days5.45.07.511.917.119.621.219.816.012.88.77.5152.5
Average relative humidity (%) (at 3pm)54555965717374727065595864
Source: [15]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flinders Chase National Park</span> Protected area in South Australia

Flinders Chase National Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located at the west end of Kangaroo Island about 177 kilometres west-south west of the state capital of Adelaide and 110 kilometres west of the municipal seat of Kingscote. It is a sanctuary for endangered species and home to a few geological phenomena. It was the second national park to be declared in South Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kangaroo Island</span> Island in South Australia

Kangaroo Island is Australia's third-largest island, after Tasmania and Melville Island. It lies in the state of South Australia, 112 km (70 mi) southwest of Adelaide. Its closest point to the mainland is Snapper Point in Backstairs Passage, which is 13.5 km (8.4 mi) from the Fleurieu Peninsula.

Ravine Des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area is a protected area on the west end of Kangaroo Island in South Australia, about 80 km (50 mi) west of Kingscote. It was established in 1993 on land previously part of the Flinders Chase National Park.

Cape du Couedic is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located on the southwest tip of Kangaroo Island in the locality of Flinders Chase. It was named after a French naval officer, Charles Louis du Couëdic de Kergoualer, by the Baudin expedition to Australia during January 1803. It is the site for the Cape du Couedic Lighthouse. It is currently located within the Flinders Chase National Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Investigator Strait</span> Body of water in South Australia

Investigator Strait is a body of water in South Australia lying between the Yorke Peninsula, on the Australian mainland, and Kangaroo Island. It was named by Matthew Flinders after his ship, HMS Investigator, on his voyage of 1801–1802. It is bordered by the Gulf St Vincent in the northeast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Borda Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse in South Australia

Cape Borda Lighthouse is a lighthouse in the Australian state of South Australia located at Cape Borda on Kangaroo Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Spencer (South Australia)</span> Place in South Australia

Cape Spencer is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located on the south west tip of Yorke Peninsula in the gazetted locality of Inneston. It was named after George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer by Matthew Flinders during March 1802. It has been the site of an operating navigation aid since 1950 and has been located within the Innes National Park since 1970.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Backstairs Passage</span> Strait in South Australia

The Backstairs Passage is a strait in South Australia lying between Fleurieu Peninsula on the Australian mainland and Dudley Peninsula on the eastern end of Kangaroo Island. The western edge of the passage is a line from Cape Jervis on Fleurieu Peninsula to Kangaroo Head on Kangaroo Island. The Pages, a group of islets, lie in the eastern entrance to the strait. About 14 km wide at its narrowest, it was formed by the rising sea around 13,000 years ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era, when it submerged the land connecting what is now Kangaroo Island with the Fleurieu Peninsula. Backstairs Passage was named by Matthew Flinders whilst he and his crew on HMS Investigator were exploring and mapping the coastline of South Australia in 1802.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ravine des Casoars</span> Gorge and associated drainage basin in Australia

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Cape Gantheaume is a headland located on the south coast of Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It was named after Vice admiral Honoré Joseph Antoine Ganteaume (1755–1818) by the Baudin expedition to Australia during 1803. It is currently located within the protected area known as the Cape Gantheaume Wilderness Protection Area.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Casuarina Islets</span> Islands in South Australia

The Casuarina Islets, also known as The Brothers, is a pair of islands located in the Great Australian Bight immediately off the south-west coast of Kangaroo Island in South Australia approximately 96 kilometres south-west of Kingscote. The pair is currently part of the Flinders Chase National Park.

Point Marsden is a headland located on the north coast of Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It was named after William Marsden, Second Secretary to the Admiralty by Matthew Flinders in 1802. It is the western extremity of Nepean Bay and has been the site of a navigation aid since 1915.

Kangaroo Head is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located at the north-west tip of Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island. It was named by the British explorer, Matthew Flinders, on 23 March 1802.

Troubridge Point is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located on the south coast of Yorke Peninsula about 11 kilometres south west of Edithburgh. It is the western end of the opening to Gulf St Vincent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Jervis (headland)</span> Place in South Australia

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Busby Islet is an islet in the Australian state of South Australia located in Nepean Bay on the north coast of Kangaroo Island about 2 kilometres north of the municipal seat of Kingscote. The islet and adjoining areas are notable as habitat for bird life. The islet has enjoyed protected area status since 1909 and since at least 1972, have been part of the Busby Islet Conservation Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dudley Peninsula</span> Place in South Australia

Dudley Peninsula is the peninsula forming the eastern end of Kangaroo Island in the Australian state of South Australia. It was occupied by Aboriginal Australians as recently as 3,100 years BP but was found to be unoccupied by the first European explorers to visit it in the early 19th century. It was first settled by Europeans as early as the 1830s. As of 2011, it had a population of 595 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Borda, South Australia</span> Town in South Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flinders Chase, South Australia</span> Town in South Australia

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References

  1. 1 2 Sailing Directions (Enroute), Pub. 175: North, West, and South Coasts of Australia (PDF). Sailing Directions . United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2017. p. 212.
  2. ↑ "Search result for "Cape Borda (Locality Bounded)" (Record no SA0050434 ) with the following layers being selected - "Suburbs and Localities", "Local Government Areas" and "Hundreds"". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  3. ↑ South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (1985), The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs, Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia, pp. Charts 14 & 22, ISBN   978-0-7243-7603-2
  4. 1 2 Robinson, A. C.; Armstrong, D. M. (eds.). A Biological Survey of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 1989 & 1990 (PDF). Adelaide, SA: Heritage and Biodiversity Section, Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, South Australia. p. 26. ISBN   0 7308 5862 6 . Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  5. 1 2 Fairclough, Martin C (December 2007). "KINGSCOTE Special 1:250 000 geological map". MESA Journal. 47. Government of South Australia, DMITRE: 28–31. ISSN   1326-3544 . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  6. ↑ Robinson, A. C.; Armstrong, D. M. (eds.). A Biological Survey of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 1989 & 1990 (PDF). Adelaide, SA: Heritage and Biodiversity Section, Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, South Australia. pp. 34–35. ISBN   0 7308 5862 6 . Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  7. ↑ Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). "South Australia's offshore islands" (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 119. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  8. ↑ "SIR H. E. F. YOUNG". Colonial Times. 4 January 1855. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  9. ↑ "Cape Borda Lighthouse, Kangaroo Island – Notice to Mariners". The Argus. 23 July 1858. p. 4. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  10. ↑ "Cape Borda Lighthouse". South Australian Register. 30 July 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  11. ↑ "The Ornithologists' Camp. Interesting and successful research." The Advertiser, South Australia (1905-10-25). Retrieved 2014-03-12.
  12. ↑ Wiebkin, A. S. (2011) Conservation management priorities for little penguin populations in Gulf St Vincent. Report to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board. Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000188-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.588. 97pp.
  13. ↑ "Flinders Chase National Park, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans" (PDF). Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs. 1999. p. 5. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  14. ↑ "Western Kangaroo Island Park Management plan summary" (PDF). Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. p. 27 of 29. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  15. ↑ "Climate Data Online" . Retrieved 14 January 2018.
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