Carphephorus

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Carphephorus
Florida paintbrush (Carphephorus corymbosus) (6256923212).jpg
Carphephorus corymbosus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Supertribe: Helianthodae
Tribe: Eupatorieae
Genus: Carphephorus
Cass.
Type species
Carphephorus pseudoliatris

Carphephorus is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower family. [1] They are native to the southeastern United States from Louisiana to Virginia. [2] Plants of this genus are known commonly as chaffheads. [3]

Contents

Description

These are perennial plants that grow from a caudex and fibrous root system. The stems are erect and unbranched, usually reaching 20 to 60 centimeters (8-24 inches) in height, and taller at times. The leaves are alternately arranged and point upward, sometimes pressed against the stem. The blades vary in shape and are hairy to hairless and generally glandular. The flower heads are borne in open inflorescences. Each head contains up to about 35 disc florets, usually lavender to dark magenta or pinkish purple, sometimes blue. [2] The fruit is a ribbed, rough-textured cypsela with a pappus of bristles. [2]

Classification

Some authors separate certain species into separate genera, Trilisa and Litrisa, on the basis of certain floral characters. The species are similar enough in other aspects that other authors maintain them in Carphephorus. [2] Molecular data may support the separation of at least some of the taxa. [4]

Carphephorus is in the tribe Eupatorieae of the aster family. Like other members of this tribe, the flower heads have disc florets and no ray florets. It is also in the subtribe Liatrinae along with, for example, Liatris and Garberia . [5]

Species and varieties [2] [3] [6] [7]
Formerly included [6]

Biochemistry

A number of species contain volatile oils, giving characteristic odors. [11] [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Liatris</i> Genus of flowering plants

Liatris is a genus of flowering plants in the boneset tribe within the sunflower family native to North America. Its most common name is blazing star. Some species are used as ornamental plants, sometimes in flower bouquets.

Eupatorieae Tribe of plants

Eupatorieae is a tribe of over 2000 species of plants in the aster family. Most of the species are native to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere. Well-known members are Stevia rebaudiana, a number of medicinal plants (Eupatorium), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including Ageratum (flossflower), Conoclinium (mistflower), and Liatris.

<i>Mikania</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Mikania is a genus of about 450 species in the Eupatorieae (boneset) tribe within the Asteraceae (sunflower) family.

<i>Chrysogonum virginianum</i> Species of flowering plant

Chrysogonum virginianum, the golden-knee, green and gold, or goldenstar, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the eastern United States from New York State and Rhode Island south to Louisiana and the Florida Panhandle.

<i>Iva</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Iva is a genus of wind-pollinated plants in the daisy family, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. Plants of this genus are known generally as marsh elders. The genus is native to North America.

<i>Erigeron strigosus</i> Species of plant

Erigeron strigosus is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae known by the common names prairie fleabane, common eastern fleabane, and daisy fleabane.

Hartwrightia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae of the sunflower family. The genus contains a single species, Hartwrightia floridana, native to the US states of Georgia and Florida. The species is sometimes referred to by the common name Florida hartwrightia.

<i>Bigelowia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Bigelowia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the daisy family, native to the United States.

Trilisa is a genus of flowering plants in the boneset tribe within the daisy family.

<i>Adaina bipunctatus</i> Species of plume moth

Adaina bipunctatus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in the United States, including Florida and Mississippi. It has also been recorded from Trinidad, the West Indies, Brazil and Ecuador.

<i>Balduina uniflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Balduina uniflora is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern United States. It is the type species of Genus Balduina.

Berlandiera pumila is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States.

<i>Brickellia eupatorioides</i> Species of flowering plant

Brickellia eupatorioides, or false boneset, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is widespread in Mexico from Chihuahua to Oaxaca, and in all regions of the contiguous United States except New England, New York, and the West Coast.

Brickellia lemmonii, or Lemmon's brickellbush, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to northeastern and north-central Mexico and the southwestern United States.

<i>Carphephorus corymbosus</i> Species of flowering plant

Carphephorus corymbosus, the Florida paintbrush or coastal plain chaffhead, is a species of North American plants in the sunflower family. They are native to the southeastern United States in the States of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.

Carphephorus tomentosus, the woolly chaffhead, is a species of North American plants in the sunflower family. They are native to the southeastern United States in the states of Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.

<i>Carphephorus bellidifolius</i> Species of flowering plant

Carphephorus bellidifolius, the sandy-woods chaffhead, is a species of North American plants in the sunflower family. They are native to the southeastern United States in the States of Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.

Carphephorus odoratissimus, common name vanillaleaf, is a species of North American plants in the sunflower family. This species is native to the southeastern United States, including the states of Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida.

<i>Cirsium horridulum</i> Species of thistle

Cirsium horridulum, called bristly thistle, horrid thistle, yellow thistle or bull thistle, is a North American species of plants in the thistle tribe within the sunflower family. It is an annual or biennial. The species is native to the eastern and southern United States from New England to Florida, Texas, and Oklahoma as well as to Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Bahamas.

<i>Hymenopappus scabiosaeus</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenopappus scabiosaeus, the Carolina woollywhite, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It grows in the central and southeastern United States, primarily on the Great Plains an on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast. There are also isolated populations in Illinois and Indiana as well as in the state of Coahuila in northern Mexico.

References

  1. Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de. 1816. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique 1816: 198 in French
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Carphephorus Cassini". Flora of North America .
  3. 1 2 Carpephorus. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  4. Schilling, E. E.; P. B. Cox (2001). "Systematic analysis of Liatrinae (Asteraceae)". Botany 2001 Abstracts. Botanical Society of America.
  5. "Garberia A.Gray". Flora of North America .
  6. 1 2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  7. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  8. "Carphephorus odoratissimus var. subtropicanus". Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants.
  9. Delaney K. R.; et al. (1999). "A new species of Carphephorus (Asteraceae; Eupatorieae) from peninsular Florida". Bot. Explor. (1).
  10. Wunderlin, R. P.; Hansen, B. F. (2001). "Seven new combinations in the Florida flora". Novon. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 11 (3): 366–369. doi:10.2307/3393048. JSTOR   3393048.
  11. Karlsson, K. et al. (1972). Volatile constituents of Carphephorus corymbosus and Carphephorus paniculatus. Acta Chemica Scandinavica 26(10) 3839–48. ISSN   0001-5393
  12. Karlsson, K.; et al. (1972). "Volatile constituents of Carphephorus odoratissimus (J.F. Gmel) Hebert". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 26 (7): 2837–46. doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.26-2837 . ISSN   0001-5393. PMID   4650326.

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