Garberia

Last updated

Garberia
Garberia-heterophylla.gif
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
(unranked):
(unranked):
(unranked):
Order:
Family:
Tribe:
Genus:
Garberia

Species:
G. heterophylla
Binomial name
Garberia heterophylla
Synonyms

Cacalia heterophylla
Garberia fruticosa
Leptoclinium fruticosum
Liatris fruticosa [1]

Contents

Garberia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species Garberia heterophylla. [2] It is endemic to Florida in the United States, where it is distributed in the northern and central counties. [1] [3] The plant is known commonly as garberia and Garber's scrub starts. [1] [3] [4] [5]

Description

This species is a shrub growing about 1 to 2.5 meters tall, with erect, branching stems. The branches are glandular and powdery or lightly hairy in texture when new, and grooved when dry. In a young plant leaves near the base of the stem may be oppositely arranged, but at maturity the branches are mostly lined with alternate leaves. The gray-green blades are glandular, and sticky to powdery when new. They are up to 3.5 centimeters long. The cylindrical flower heads are up to about half a centimeter wide and are borne in open inflorescences. Each head usually contains five aromatic pink or purple disc florets up to a centimeter long. The tips expand into five lobes and the narrow to threadlike style branches protrude. The fruit is a rough-textured, ribbed cypsela with a pappus of many bristles. [2] [6] The fruits remain on the plant, and their long, brown pappi make the shrub stand out among other plants during the winter. [3] The pappi also allow dispersal of the seeds on the wind. [3]

Taxonomy

The genus Garberia was named by Asa Gray in honour of American botanist Abram Paschal Garber. [4]

Ecology

This plant occurs in the Florida scrub and related habitat types, including flatwoods, coastal dunes, and ridges, hills and prairie alongside oaks and pines such as sand pine. [3] It grows in dry, sandy soils low in organic matter. [6] It may flower almost year-round, but it main flowering season is fall. [6]

Garberia provides nectar for many native bees, including Agapostemon splendens , Anthidiellum notatum , Augochlora pura , Augochlorella aurata , Augochloropsis metallica , Bombus impatiens , Coelioxys mexicana , Coelioxys sayi , Colletes mandibularis , Dialictus miniatulus , Dialictus nymphalis , Dialictus placidensis , Epeolus carolinus , Megachile mendica , Megachile pruina , Megachile xylocopoides , and Xylocopa virginica . [7]

Classification

Garberia is in the tribe Eupatorieae of the aster family. Like other members of this tribe, the flower heads have disc florets and no ray florets. It is also in the subtribe Liatrinae along with, for example, Carphephorus . [8] Garberia is closely related to the genus Liatris , but can be distinguished because it is a shrub instead of an herbaceous perennial and has a different karyotype. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Callistephus</i> Species of plant

Callistephus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species Callistephus chinensis. Its common names include China aster and annual aster. It is native to China and Korea. and it is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant in cottage gardens and as a cut flower.

<i>Liatris</i>

Liatris is a genus of flowering plants in the boneset tribe within the sunflower family native to North America. Its most common name is blazing star. Some species are used as ornamental plants, sometimes in flower bouquets.

<i>Eupatorium altissimum</i> Species of flowering plant

Eupatorium altissimum, the tall thoroughwort, is a perennial plant whose native range includes much of the eastern and central United States and Canada (Ontario south to Nebraska, eastern Texas, the Florida Panhandle, and Massachusetts. It almost always grows on limestone soils, as does Brickellia eupatorioides, with which it is often confused. It can hybridize with Eupatorium serotinum.

<i>Conoclinium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Conoclinium, the mistflowers, is a genus of four species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, native to North America. They are 0.5 to 2 metres tall, and have blue to purple or violet flowers.

<i>Brickellia californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Brickellia californica, known by the common name California brickellbush, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family.

<i>Balsamorhiza sagittata</i> Species of flowering plant

Balsamorhiza sagittata is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower tribe of the aster family known by the common name arrowleaf balsamroot. It is widespread across western Canada and much of the western United States. A specimen was collected by explorer and botanist Meriwether Lewis near Lewis and Clark Pass in 1806.

<i>Carphephorus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Carphephorus is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower family. They are native to the southeastern United States from Louisiana to Virginia. Plants of this genus are known commonly as chaffheads.

Carphochaete is a genus of North American flowering plants in the sunflower family. They are native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. They are known commonly as bristleheads.

<i>Barkleyanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Barkleyanthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species Barklyanthus salicifolius, a plant formerly classified in the genus Senecio. It is native to North and Central America, where its distribution extends from the southwestern United States to El Salvador. Its common names include willow ragwort, willow groundsel, Barkley's-ragwort, and jarilla.

Kyhosia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family containing the single species Kyhosia bolanderi, which is known by the common names Bolander's madia and kyhosia.

<i>Blepharizonia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Blepharizonia is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. There are two species, both endemic to California. They are known generally as big tarweeds.

Chiliophyllum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species Chiliophyllum densifolium. It is endemic to Argentina, where it is known only from Mendoza Province. Its local common names include romero del piche and romero pichi.

Chiliotrichiopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is native to the Andes, where it is distributed in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Species occur in the mountains up to 4200 meters in elevation.

Cymbolaena is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species Cymbolaena griffithii. It is native to Asia, where it is distributed from Turkey to Pakistan. It is one of several genera in "the Filago group," and some authors include it within the genus Filago.

<i>Perityle emoryi</i>

Perityle emoryi is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Emory's rockdaisy. It is native to the Southwestern United States, northwest Mexico, and the Baja California Peninsula. It is a common wildflower of the deserts, and can also be found in California coastal regions.

<i>Porophyllum gracile</i>

Porophyllum gracile is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names odora and slender poreleaf. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States from California to Texas, where it can be found in rocky and sandy desert scrub habitat.

<i>Sanvitalia abertii</i>

Sanvitalia abertii is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Abert's creeping zinnia and Abert's sanvitalia. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in desert scrub, desert mountains and woodlands. It is an annual herb somewhat variable in appearance. The mainly erect stem may be 2 to 29 centimeters tall, and simple or with many branches. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are a few centimeters long. The plant is coated in rough hairs. The inflorescence is a cyme of flower heads with thick, leathery yellow ray florets 2 or 3 millimeters long and notched at the tips. The fruit is an achene. Achenes arising from the ray florets are light-colored and tipped with pappi, while those from the disc florets at the center of the flower head are darker and lack pappi.

<i>Xylorhiza tortifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Xylorhiza tortifolia is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, known by the common names Mojave-aster and Mojave woodyaster.

Olearia adenolasia, commonly known as woolly-glandular daisy-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a small upright shrub with sticky leaves and blue-purple or white daisy flowers.

<i>Symphyotrichum racemosum</i> A flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America

Symphyotrichum racemosum is a species of flowering plant native to parts of North America. It is known as smooth white oldfield aster, small white aster, and aster à grappes (French). It is a perennial, herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a late-summer and fall blooming flower.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Wunderlin, R. P. and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Garberia heterophylla. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.
  2. 1 2 3 Garberia. Flora of North America.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Garberia heterophylla. NatureServe 2013.
  4. 1 2 Hammer, Roger L. (2016). Central Florida Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Lake Wales Ridge, Ocala National Forest, Disney Wilderness Preserve, and More than 60 State Parks and Preserves. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44. ISBN   9781493022168.
  5. "Garberia". Garberia heterophylla. Florida Native Plant Society. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
  6. 1 2 3 Garberia heterophylla. Flora of North America.
  7. Deyrup, M., et al. (2002). The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Insecta Mundi 16(1–3) 87-120.
  8. Schmidt, G. J. and E. E. Schilling (2000). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 87 (5): 716–726. doi: 10.2307/2656858 . JSTOR   2656858. PMID   10811796.