| Causus bilineatus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | Causus |
| Species: | C. bilineatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Causus bilineatus Boulenger, 1905 | |
| Synonyms | |
Causus bilineatus is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to southcentral Africa. [3] There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid. [4] [5]
Common names for C. bilineatus include lined night adder, [3] two-lined night adder, [4] and two-striped night adder. [4] [6]
Adults of C. bilineatus have an average total length (tail included) of 30–50 cm (12–20 in), with a reported maximum of 65 cm (26 in). [3]
The head is slightly distinct from the neck, while the snout is fairly long and tapering. Midbody there are 15–18 rows of dorsal scales that are weakly keeled and have a soft and velvety appearance. The ventral scales number 122–141 in males and 128–144 in females. There are 18–30 subcaudals. [3]
The color pattern consists of an ash to auburn to brown ground color, overlaid with numerous irregular or vaguely rectangular black dorsal patches. These patches lie within two distinct and narrow pale stripes that run the length of the body. The belly color is dark to dark cream. [3]
C. bilineatus is found in Angola, southern DR Congo, Rwanda, western Tanzania, and Zambia. [4]
The type locality is given by Boulenger (1905) as "between Benguella and Bihé" (Angola). Bocage (1895) listed "Duque de Bragança, Quissange, Caconda, and Huilla" (Angola) for the localities. [2]
C. bilineatus occurs in moist savanna, forest-savanna environments, and swampy habitats, [3] at altitudes of 800–1,800 m (2,600–5,900 ft). [1] Wild-caught specimens found to have eaten clawed frogs, Xenopus , suggest a more aquatic nature than other species. [3]
C. bilineatus preys mostly upon toads and frogs, particularly the frogs of the genus Xenopus. [3]
C. bilineatus is venomous, and there is no available antivenom. However, no human fatalities from its bite have been recorded. [7]
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Atheris chlorechis is a viper species found only in the forests of West Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. It is the type species of its genus. Like all other vipers, it is a venomous species. Atheris chlorechis venom can lead to major systemic envenoming, shock, blood loss due to coagulopathy, and renal failure. There is no antivenom.
Atheris katangensis, also known as the Katanga Mountain bush viper and other common names, is a species of venomous viper found in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Zambia. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Atheris rungweensis, commonly known as the Rungwe tree viper, Mt Rungwe bush viper, and Rungwe leaf viper, is a species of viper found in East Africa.
The horned adder is a viper species. It is found in the arid region of southwest Africa, in Angola, Botswana, Namibia; South Africa, and Zimbabwe. It is easily distinguished by the presence of a single, large horn-like scale over each eye. No subspecies are currently recognized. Like all other vipers, it is venomous.
The many-horned adder is a viper species. It is found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa, in western South Africa and southwestern Namibia. It has characteristic tufts of "horns" above each eye. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bitis heraldica is a viper species endemic to Angola. It is easily distinguished from B. caudalis by its heavily speckled belly and lack of any supraocular "horns". No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bitis peringueyi, also known as the Peringuey's adder, Peringuey's desert adder or desert sidewinding adder, is a viper species found in Namibia and southern Angola. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bitis xeropaga, commonly known as the desert mountain adder or Lüderitz dwarf viper, is a viper species found in southern Namibia and northwestern Cape Province in South Africa. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Causus maculatus is viper species found mainly in West- and Central Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Common names include forest rhombic night adder, West African night adder and spotted night adder. Like all other vipers, it is venomous.
Causus rhombeatus, commonly known as the rhombic night adder, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. No subspecies are recognized as being valid.
Causus defilippii, also known commonly as the snouted night adder, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to East Africa and Southern Africa. Although its venom is nonlethal to humans, it is still considered medically significant. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Causus lichtensteinii is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to western, central, and eastern Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Causus resimus is a viper species found in isolated populations distributed across tropical Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Like all other vipers, it is venomous.
Bothrops bilineatus, also known as the two-striped forest-pitviper, parrotsnake, Amazonian palm viper, or green jararaca, is a highly venomous pit viper species found in the Amazon region of South America. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. A pale green arboreal species that may reach 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, it is an important cause of snakebite throughout the entire Amazon region.
