Ceuta (Congress of Deputies constituency)

For the Senate constituency, see Ceuta (Senate constituency).

Ceuta
Congress of Deputies Electoral constituency
Location of Ceuta within Spain.
Province	Cádiz (1977–1995) None (1995–present)
Autonomous community	Andalusia (1977–1995) None (1995–present)
Population	83,229 (2024) [1]
Electorate	63,310 (2023)
Major settlements	Ceuta
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	1
Member(s)	PP (1)

Ceuta is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish : circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects one deputy using plurality voting. Its boundaries correspond to those of the autonomous city of Ceuta.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies, ^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. ^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales. ^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. ^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. ^{[6] [7]} Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado), ^{[8] [9]} which was abolished in 2022. ^[10] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting. ^{[2] [3] [11] [12]} The use of the electoral method may result in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies. ^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies. ^{[14] [15]}

Deputies

Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties    PSOE    UCD    PP    Vox
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	1
1st	1979	1
2nd	1982	1
3rd	1986	1
4th	1989	1
5th	1993	1
6th	1996	1
7th	2000	1
8th	2004	1
9th	2008	1
10th	2011	1
11th	2015	1
12th	2016	1
13th	2019 (Apr)	1
14th	2019 (Nov)	1
15th	2023	1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	12,918	38.77	+16.49	1	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	11,332	34.01	+2.70	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	7,752	23.26	–11.93	0	–1
	Unite (Sumar)1	821	2.46	–1.43	0	±0
	Workers' Front (FO)	53	0.16	New	0	±0
	Free (LB)	53	0.16	New	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	33	0.10	–0.27	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	31	0.09	–0.04	0	±0
Blank ballots		328	0.98	+0.01
Total		33,321			1	±0
Valid votes		33,321	98.95	–0.01
Invalid votes		353	1.05	+0.01
Votes cast / turnout		33,674	53.19	–0.79
Abstentions		29,636	46.81	+0.79
Registered voters		63,310
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Unite results are compared to United We Can totals in the November 2019 election.

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Vox (Vox)	11,752	35.19	+11.26	1	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	10,455	31.31	–5.01	0	–1
	People's Party (PP)	7,439	22.28	+0.84	0	±0
	United We Can (Podemos–IU)	1,300	3.89	–0.95	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	1,138	3.41	–8.56	0	±0
	Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC)	819	2.45	New	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	125	0.37	–0.04	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	43	0.13	–0.10	0	±0
Blank ballots		324	0.97	+0.12
Total		33,395			1	±0
Valid votes		33,395	98.96	+0.15
Invalid votes		351	1.04	–0.15
Votes cast / turnout		33,746	53.98	–7.46
Abstentions		28,767	46.02	+7.46
Registered voters		62,513
Sources [16]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	13,800	36.32	+13.70	1	+1
	Vox (Vox)	9,092	23.93	+23.48	0	±0
	People's Party (PP)	8,147	21.44	–30.42	0	–1
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	4,546	11.97	+0.46	0	±0
	United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)	1,838	4.84	–6.01	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	157	0.41	+0.03	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	87	0.23	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		324	0.85	–0.17
Total		37,991			1	±0
Valid votes		37,991	98.81	–0.05
Invalid votes		459	1.19	+0.05
Votes cast / turnout		38,450	61.44	+10.79
Abstentions		24,130	38.56	–10.79
Registered voters		62,580
Sources [16]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	15,991	51.86	+7.00	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	6,974	22.62	–0.48	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	3,549	11.51	–1.79	0	±0
	United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1	3,345	10.85	–4.53	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	333	1.08	±0.00	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	139	0.45	New	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	118	0.38	–0.06	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	72	0.23	–0.37	0	±0
Blank ballots		316	1.02	–0.23
Total		30,837			1	±0
Valid votes		30,837	98.86	+0.33
Invalid votes		357	1.14	–0.33
Votes cast / turnout		31,194	50.65	–3.19
Abstentions		30,393	49.35	+3.19
Registered voters		61,587
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 United We Can results are compared to the combined totals of We Can and United Left–Popular Unity in Common in the 2015 election.

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	14,813	44.86	–21.07	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	7,627	23.10	+2.84	0	±0
	We Can (Podemos)	4,646	14.07	New	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	4,392	13.30	New	0	±0
	United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)	431	1.31	–0.50	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	358	1.08	+0.50	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	197	0.60	–2.74	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	146	0.44	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		413	1.25	–0.32
Total		33,023			1	±0
Valid votes		33,023	98.53	+0.01
Invalid votes		493	1.47	–0.01
Votes cast / turnout		33,516	54.36	+1.20
Abstentions		28,144	45.64	–1.20
Registered voters		61,660
Sources [16]

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	20,968	65.93	+10.82	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	6,445	20.26	–20.21	0	±0
	Caballas Coalition (Caballas)	1,712	5.38	New	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	1,061	3.34	+2.02	0	±0
	United Left–Democratic and Social Party of Ceuta: Plural Left (IU–PDSC)	576	1.81	+1.14	0	±0
	The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)	293	0.92	+0.32	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	186	0.58	+0.31	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	65	0.20	+0.08	0	±0
Blank ballots		498	1.57	+0.63
Total		31,804			1	±0
Valid votes		31,804	98.52	–0.82
Invalid votes		478	1.48	+0.82
Votes cast / turnout		32,282	53.16	–10.16
Abstentions		28,441	46.84	+10.16
Registered voters		60,723
Sources [16]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	20,040	55.11	–4.13	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	14,716	40.47	+4.69	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	481	1.32	New	0	±0
	United Left of Ceuta (IU)	244	0.67	+0.06	0	±0
	The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)	220	0.60	New	0	±0
	Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	104	0.29	New	0	±0
	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	67	0.18	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	58	0.16	New	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	42	0.12	New	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	32	0.09	New	0	±0
	Spanish Alternative (AES)	18	0.05	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		342	0.94	–0.50
Total		36,364			1	±0
Valid votes		36,364	99.34	+0.23
Invalid votes		241	0.66	–0.23
Votes cast / turnout		36,605	63.32	–0.13
Abstentions		21,200	36.68	+0.13
Registered voters		57,805
Sources [16]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	21,142	59.24	+11.65	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	12,769	35.78	+17.78	0	±0
	Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC)	807	2.26	–0.32	0	±0
	United Left (IU)	218	0.61	–0.14	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	116	0.33	+0.03	0	±0
	National Democracy (DN)	62	0.17	New	0	±0
	Republican Left (IR)	37	0.10	New	0	±0
	Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)	25	0.07	–0.01	0	±0
Blank ballots		515	1.44	–0.19
Total		35,691			1	±0
Valid votes		35,691	99.11	+0.08
Invalid votes		319	0.89	–0.08
Votes cast / turnout		36,010	63.45	+8.30
Abstentions		20,741	36.55	–8.30
Registered voters		56,751
Sources [16]

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	14,514	47.59	–5.62	1	±0
	Liberal Independent Group (GIL)	8,758	28.71	New	0	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p)	5,491	18.00	–17.79	0	±0
	Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC)	788	2.58	–4.70	0	±0
	United Left (IU)	229	0.75	–1.46	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	93	0.30	New	0	±0
	Natural Law Party (PLN)	76	0.25	New	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC)	31	0.10	New	0	±0
	Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)	24	0.08	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		497	1.63	+0.41
Total		30,501			1	±0
Valid votes		30,501	99.03	+0.23
Invalid votes		300	0.97	–0.23
Votes cast / turnout		30,801	55.15	–8.66
Abstentions		25,047	44.85	+8.66
Registered voters		55,848
Sources [16]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	17,288	53.21	+2.28	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	11,627	35.79	–4.79	0	±0
	Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC)	2,365	7.28	+3.43	0	±0
	United Left (IU)	718	2.21	New	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)1	56	0.17	–0.16	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	41	0.13	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		395	1.22	+0.45
Total		32,490			1	±0
Valid votes		32,490	99.26	–0.24
Invalid votes		242	0.74	+0.24
Votes cast / turnout		32,732	63.81	+1.68
Abstentions		18,566	36.19	–1.68
Registered voters		51,298
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Workers' Revolutionary Party results are compared to Workers' Socialist Party totals in the 1993 election.

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	15,276	50.93	+17.31	1	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	12,170	40.58	+2.87	0	–1
	Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC)	1,155	3.85	New	0	±0
	The Greens (LV)1	491	1.64	–1.66	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	485	1.62	–6.58	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	100	0.33	–0.32	0	±0
	Natural Law Party (PLN)	43	0.14	New	0	±0
	Initiative for Ceuta (INCE)	42	0.14	New	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		231	0.77	–0.41
Total		29,993			1	±0
Valid votes		29,993	99.50	+0.42
Invalid votes		152	0.50	–0.42
Votes cast / turnout		30,145	62.13	+6.19
Abstentions		18,372	37.87	–6.19
Registered voters		48,517
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 The Greens results are compared to The Greens–Green List totals in the 1989 election.

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	8,643	37.71	–7.52	1	±0
	People's Party (PP)1	7,855	34.27	–2.07	0	±0
	United Ceuta (CEU)	2,760	12.04	New	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	1,880	8.20	+0.23	0	±0
	The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)	756	3.30	New	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)	605	2.64	New	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	150	0.65	+0.17	0	±0
Blank ballots		270	1.18	+0.62
Total		22,919			1	±0
Valid votes		22,919	99.08	+0.42
Invalid votes		212	0.92	–0.42
Votes cast / turnout		23,131	55.94	–0.76
Abstentions		18,222	44.06	+0.76
Registered voters		41,353
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 People's Party results are compared to People's Coalition totals in the 1986 election.

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	10,937	45.23	–0.31	1	±0
	People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1	8,788	36.34	+6.47	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	1,928	7.97	+0.15	0	±0
	Candidacy for Autonomy (CA)	758	3.13	New	0	±0
	Electoral Group–Independent Group of Ceuta (AE–AIC)	601	2.49	New	0	±0
	Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)	499	2.06	New	0	±0
	United Left (IU)2	351	1.45	+0.72	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	117	0.48	–0.05	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	66	0.27	+0.20	0	±0
Blank ballots		136	0.56	+0.10
Total		24,181			1	±0
Valid votes		24,181	98.66	–0.09
Invalid votes		329	1.34	+0.09
Votes cast / turnout		24,510	56.70	–15.59
Abstentions		18,720	43.30	+15.59
Registered voters		43,230
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 People's Coalition results are compared to People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party totals in the 1982 election. 2 United Left results are compared to Communist Party of Spain totals in the 1982 election.

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	11,698	45.54	+10.23	1	+1
	People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP)1	7,674	29.87	+22.01	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	2,010	7.82	New	0	±0
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	1,870	7.28	–44.59	0	–1
	Nationalist Party of Ceuta (PNCe)	1,785	6.95	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (PCE)	188	0.73	New	0	±0
	New Force (FN)2	173	0.67	–2.79	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	137	0.53	New	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	19	0.07	New	0	±0
	Communist Movement (MC)	17	0.07	–0.36	0	±0
Blank ballots		119	0.46	–0.07
Total		25,690			1	±0
Valid votes		25,690	98.37	–0.51
Invalid votes		427	1.63	+0.51
Votes cast / turnout		26,117	72.29	+6.85
Abstentions		10,011	27.71	–6.85
Registered voters		36,128
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party results are compared to Democratic Coalition totals in the 1979 election. 2 New Force results are compared to National Union totals in the 1979 election.

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	11,020	51.87	+15.61	1	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1	7,502	35.31	–8.54	0	±0
	Democratic Coalition (CD)2	1,669	7.86	–4.14	0	±0
	National Union (UN)	735	3.46	New	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)	115	0.54	New	0	±0
	Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)	91	0.43	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		112	0.53	+0.25
Total		21,244			1	±0
Valid votes		21,244	98.88	+0.05
Invalid votes		240	1.12	–0.05
Votes cast / turnout		21,484	65.44	–12.16
Abstentions		11,347	34.56	+12.16
Registered voters		32,831
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity in the 1977 election. 2 Democratic Coalition results are compared to Action for Ceuta totals in the 1977 election.

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	8,808	36.26	n/a	1	n/a
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	7,886	32.47	n/a	0	n/a
	Action for Ceuta (APC)	2,915	12.00	n/a	0	n/a
	People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US)	2,763	11.38	n/a	0	n/a
	Association of Ceuta Electors (ADEC)	1,099	4.52	n/a	0	n/a
	Spanish Social Reform (RSE)	752	3.10	n/a	0	n/a
Blank ballots		67	0.28	n/a
Total		24,290			1	n/a
Valid votes		24,290	98.83	n/a
Invalid votes		288	1.17	n/a
Votes cast / turnout		24,578	77.60	n/a
Abstentions		7,094	22.40	n/a
Registered voters		31,672
Sources [16]

References

1. "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
2. Law 1/1977 (1977) , trans. prov. 1.
3. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. III, ch. I, art. 68.
4. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
5. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
6. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. I, art. 2.
7. Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
8. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
9. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
10. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
11. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. II, ch. II, art. 19–20.
12. LOREG (1985) , tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164.
13. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
14. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
15. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
16. "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 December 2024.

Bibliography

• Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 4. 4 January 1977. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-165. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 70. 18 March 1977. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-7445. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Constitución Española (Spanish Constitution). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 311. 29 December 1978 [latest version]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147. 19 June 1985 [latest version]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN   84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

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