Charaxes cynthia

Western red charaxes
C. c. kinduana basking in Semuliki N.P. in western Uganda
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Charaxes
Species:	C. cynthia
Binomial name
Charaxes cynthia Butler, 1866 [1] > [2]
Synonyms
Charaxes lysianassaWestwood, 1874 Charaxes cynthia guineensisLe Moult, 1933 Charaxes cynthia ab. mawambaGrünberg, 1911 Charaxes cynthia f. albofasciaLe Cerf, 1923 Charaxes cynthia ab. cyzeyiLathy, 1925 Charaxes cynthia f. augusticlaviusRousseau-Decelle, 1934 Charaxes cynthia f. intermediaDufrane, 1953 Charaxes cynthia cameroonensisvan Someren, 1969 Charaxes cynthia propinquavan Someren, 1969 Charaxes cynthia sabulosus f. aurantiacaRousseau-Decelle, 1934

Charaxes cynthia, the western red charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Angola, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. ^[3]

Description

For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

Upperside black brown, crossed by a central ferruginous band, as in C. lucretius , divided into spots by the nervures towards the apex of the front wings, and incurved towards the anterior margin; outer margin deeper ferruginous, divided into marginal spots by the nervures in the front wings; base reddish brown; inner margin of hindwings covered with long brown hairs; front marginal edge of anterior wings reddish brown, with four spots of the same colour in couples just below it, two at the end of the cell, and two just beyond. Body golden brown; abdomen pale; head and prothorax reddish; palpi white externally.

Underside—front wings reddish grey, crossed beyond the middle by a band of large pale oval ferruginous spots, tapering towards the apex, and curving at the top towards the anterior margin, enclosing ochreous lunules, and bordered outwardly by faint silvery lunules; the last three spots bordered inwardly, the lowest one with green grey deeply margined with black, the other two with ochreous bordered outwardly with ferruginous; a large irregular black patch marked with three silvery streaks near the anal angle; a reddish elongate spot at the anal angle; front marginal edge silver from the base to the end of the cell; cell ochreous, enclosing four irregular reddish spots; two similar spots at the end of the cell, margined outwardly with ochreous, and three similar lunular spots placed obliquely just beyond; a black and ferruginous spot just below the middle of the median nervure. Hind wings ferruginous; basal half crossed by three wavy bands of grey, the central one distinct, silvery; apical half with irregular reddish grey submarginal bands, bordered outwardly by a lunulate line of violaceous; wings crossed by a central irregular silver band from the middle of the front margin to the inner margin just above the anal angle; an irregular row of eight spots between the nervures, outside the central band, the seven upper ones ochreous, lunular, the eighth silver, linear; a yellowish-green spot at the anal angle, bounded inwardly by a fine pale blue line and two black dots; inner margin streaked with grey. Body whitish ochreous. Hab. Ashanti. B.M. Seitz-Ch. cynthia Btlr. The male is above confusingly like that of Charaxes lucretius , the only particular difference being that the red-yellow marginal spots on the forewing are smaller and the red-yellow marginal band of the hindwing broader; beneath, however, it agrees almost completely with boueti and hence is very different from lucretius. The female is on both surfaces similar to that of boueti, differing above in the darker black- brown basal part of both wings, in the brighter yellow median band, which is red-yellow in cellules 3—7 of the forewing, and the larger marginal spots. Sierra Leone to Angola and Unyoro. ^[4]

Biology

The habitat consists of primary forest. The larvae feed on Griffonia simplicifolia , Albizia zygia , Garcinia , Griffonia , Klainedoxa , Phialodiscus , Celtis and Coffea species. Notes on the biology of cynthia are given by Larsen, T.B. (1991) . ^[5]

Taxonomy

Charaxes cynthia group

The group members are:

• Charaxes cynthia similar to Charaxes lucretius
• Charaxes protoclea
• Charaxes boueti close to next
• Charaxes lasti close to last
• Charaxes alticola sometimes ranked as a subspecies of Charaxes boueti

Related to Charaxes lasti, Charaxes macclounii and Charaxes boueti ^[6]

Subspecies

• Charaxes cynthia cynthia — Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, western Nigeria
• Charaxes cynthia kinduanaLe Cerf, 1923 ^[7] — south-eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda
• Charaxes cynthia mukuyuvan Someren, 1969 — ^[8] — Tanzania: Kigoma and Mpanda
• Charaxes cynthia parvicaudatusLathy, 1925 . ^[9] — eastern Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania
• Charaxes cynthia sabulosusTalbot, 1928 ^[10] — Democratic Republic of the Congo, north-western Zambia

Subspecies gallery

• 
  C. c. cynthia in A.G. Butler (1866)
• 
  C. c. kinduana from CAR

References

1. Butler, A.G. 1865 [1866]. Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 622–639
2. "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
3. "Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
4. Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
5. Larsen, T.B. 1991The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490.
6. Kielland, J. 1990 . Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.
7. Le Cerf, F. 1923. Descriptions de formes nouvelles de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 29: 360-367; 428-429.
8. Van Someren, V.G.L. 1969. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 23: 75-166.
9. Lathy, P.I. 1925. Notes sur les Charaxes de la collection de Madam G. Fournier (1). Encyclopedie Entomologique (B.3 Lepidoptera) 1: 93-97
10. Talbot, G. 1928 New forms of African Nymphalidae (Lep. Rhop.) in the Musee du Congo,Tervueren. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 229-231

• Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31
• Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1969 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)75-166.
• Rothschild, W and Jordan, K., 1900 Novitates Zoologicae Volume 7:287-524. pages 405-407 (for terms see Novitates Zoologicae Volume 5:545-601 )

External links

• Charaxes cynthia images subspecies and forms at Charaxes page Consortium for the Barcode of Life
• Images of C. cynthia cynthia Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
• Images of C. cynthia kinduana (Albertine Rift Project)
• Images of C. cynthia mukuyu (Albertine Rift Project)
• Images of C. cynthia parvicaudatus (Albertine Rift Project)
• Images of C. cynthia sabulosus (Albertine Rift Project)
• African Butterfly Database Range map via search