In China,politics functions within a communist state framework based on the system of people's congress under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),with the National People's Congress (NPC) functioning as the highest organ of state power and only branch of government per the principle of unified power. The CCP leads state activities by holding two-thirds of the seats in the NPC,and these party members are,in accordance with democratic centralism,responsible for implementing the policies adopted by the CCP Central Committee and the National Congress. The NPC has unlimited state power bar the limitations it sets on itself. By controlling the NPC,the CCP has complete state power. China's two special administrative regions (SARs),Hong Kong and Macau,are then nominated from the system .
The Ministry of Public Security is a government ministry of the People's Republic of China responsible for public and political security. It oversees more than 1.9 million of the country's law enforcement officers and as such the vast majority of the People's Police. While the MPS is a nationwide police force,conducting counterintelligence and maintaining the political security of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) remain its core functions.
China News Service is the second largest state news agency in China,after Xinhua News Agency. China News Service was formerly run by the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office,which was absorbed into the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2018. Its operations have traditionally been directed at overseas Chinese worldwide and residents of Hong Kong,Macau and Taiwan.
The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tasked with "united front work." It gathers intelligence on,manages relations with,and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China,including in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
The Ministry of State Security is the principal civilian intelligence,security and secret police agency of the People's Republic of China,responsible for foreign intelligence,counterintelligence,and the political security of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). One of the largest and most secretive intelligence organizations in the world,it is headquartered in the Haidian District of Beijing,with powerful semi-autonomous branches at the provincial,city,municipality and township levels throughout China.
The National Governors Association (NGA) is an American political organization founded in 1908. The association's members are the governors of the 55 states,territories and commonwealths. Members come from across the political spectrum. NGA declares itself as nonpartisan.
The Buddhist Association of China (BCA) is the official government supervisory organ of Buddhism in the People's Republic of China. The association has been overseen by the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the UFWD in 2018. The association's headquarters are located in Guangji Temple in Beijing.
The united front is a political strategy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) involving networks of groups and key individuals that are influenced or controlled by the CCP and used to advance its interests. It has historically been a popular front that has included eight legally-permitted political parties and people's organizations which have nominal representation in the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). Under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping,the united front and its targets of influence have expanded in size and scope.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China is the first-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China,responsible for the country's foreign relations. It is led by the minister of foreign affairs,currently Wang Yi,who serves as the nation's principal representative abroad. The ministry is headquartered in Chaoyang District,Beijing,the country's primary diplomatic quarter.
The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT),also called the China Chamber of International Commerce (CCOIC),is a trade body founded in 1952. CCPIT is controlled by the Ministry of Commerce.
The bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) have been generally friendly,although they were sometimes strained in recent years because of North Korea's nuclear program. They have a close special relationship and China is often considered to be North Korea's closest ally. China and North Korea have a mutual aid and co-operation treaty,signed in 1961,which is currently the only defense treaty either country has with any nation.
The united front in Taiwan is an aspect of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Government of China's larger united front strategy,applied to Taiwan,to achieve unification. It relies on the presence of pro-Beijing sympathizers in Taiwan combined with a carrot-and-stick approach of threatening war with Taiwan while offering opportunities for business and cultural exchanges. According to officials of Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council,the CCP has long relied on organized crime as part of its united front tactics in Taiwan.
The Center for China and Globalization (CCG) is a Chinese think tank based in Beijing. It is registered as a non-governmental organization,though its independence from the Chinese Communist Party has been disputed. It also occasionally suffered attacks and censorship within China.
China–Palestine relations,also referred to as Sino–Palestinian relations,encompasses the long bilateral relationship between China and Palestine dating back from the early years of the Cold War.
The China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification (CCPPNR) is an umbrella organization,founded in 1988,by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to promote unification between mainland China and Taiwan on terms defined solely by the People's Republic of China. Unification is couched in a one country,two systems framework,though critics categorize it as annexation. According to scholar Anne-Marie Brady,in addition to promoting unification,"the organization also engages in a range of activities which support Chinese foreign policy goals,including block-voting and fund-raising for ethnic Chinese political candidates who agree to support their organization's agenda." The main council oversees over 200 chapters in multiple countries.
The International Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party,also known as the International Liaison Department (ILD),is an agency under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in charge of establishing and maintaining relations with foreign political parties and other foreign organizations.
The 11th Bureauof the Ministry of State Security,outwardly known as the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations under an arrangement called "one institution with two names",is a set of research institutes operated by the Chinese Ministry of State Security (MSS) as a front to influence foreign diplomats and academics and collect intelligence. Located in Beijing,CICIR is operated by senior MSS officers. A 2009 report from the CIA's Open Source Center concluded that CICIR resembles a "Soviet-style intelligence organ" whose principle intelligence customer is the Foreign Affairs Leading Group. CICIR is overseen by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The 48 Group Club is a London-based nonprofit organisation dedicated to promoting trade between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United Kingdom. The group is named after a British trade delegation of 48 businessmen,referred to as the "Icebreakers," who traveled to China in 1954 to establish trade relations between the two countries. The organisation's motto,"Equality and Mutual Benefit," is derived from a quote by Zhou Enlai,the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. Critics have contended that the organisation has functioned as a platform for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to influence British elites.
The 12th Bureau of the Ministry of State Security,known publicly as the China International Culture Exchange Center under an arrangement called "one institution with two names",is a set of research institutes operated by the Chinese Ministry of State Security (MSS),the principal civilian intelligence agency of the People's Republic of China as a front organization. CICEC was founded in 1984 and is active in operations to influence foreign think tanks,academics,and other high-profile foreigners. In addition to the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations,CICEC is considered one of the main front organizations utilized for foreign influence operations by the MSS.
The Sino-American Friendship Association (SAFA) is a nonprofit organization based in New York City whose stated aim is to develop cross-cultural collaboration between the United States and China. SAFA assists schools in running Chinese cultural clubs and hosting "Chinese culture weeks." SAFA also promotes traditional Chinese medicine,participates in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and Times Square Ball Drop,and has organized trips to mainland China for members to meet with officials of the United Front Work Department. SAFA has organized trips for American mayors to China with the support of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. In 2012,SAFA paid for a promotional slideshow of Xi Jinping on a Times Square jumbotron during one of his visits to the United States.
