Chinese leaf warbler

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Chinese leaf warbler
Chinese Leaf-warbler.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Phylloscopidae
Genus: Phylloscopus
Species:
P. yunnanensis
Binomial name
Phylloscopus yunnanensis
La Touche, 1922 [2]
Synonyms

Phylloscopus sichuanensis

The Chinese leaf warbler [2] (Phylloscopus yunnanensis) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is found only in China. [2]

Contents

Etymology

The Chinese leaf warbler’s scientific binomial name, Phylloscopus yunnanensis, originates from the Irish ornithological naturalist authority John David Digues La Touche in 1922. [2] A more recent Latin "junior synonym" alternate scientific name is P. sichuanensis from 1992. [3] Yunnanensis and sichuanensis derive from the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces in China.

Description

The Chinese leaf warbler is a brightly colored, small leaf-warbler, with a total length of around 10 cm and a wing length of 5–6 cm. Its body is slightly elongated and compact. The warbler has a slightly forked or notched tail that is almost square in shape. Its bill is pointed and short (around 1 cm long) and dark brown in color, brownish-yellow on the underside. The wings are very short and rounded, the legs slender and very dark. Claws and toes are dark brownish-grey with dusky buff undersides. [4]

Plumage

Birds generally go through variations in the appearance of their plumage, depending on the stage in their life, the seasons or nutritional intake. In the spring season, this warbler in its adult phase has a new, fresh, or bright appearance already somewhat dulled. In the adult summer phase its feathers appear worn, or duller. [4]

The sexes are similar in appearance. The Chinese leaf warbler is pale green to olive-green above and has a yellowish-white rump. The head pattern is noticeable and striking in appearance, with a well-defined pale eyebrow stripe, a faint yellow median crown stripe and dusky-olive lateral crown stripes. The tertial feathers are sepia-colored and have whitish tips. The eye is surrounded by a broken eyering; the iris of the eye is dark brown. [4]

Distribution and habitat

The Chinese leaf warbler can be found in confined regions or locations in central and north-eastern China. [2] [4] [5] It is common in Xin Shui, Sichuan Province. [3] [4] The species is migratory, but its wintering grounds are currently unknown. [4]

It inhabits mountainous forests, preferring spruce and fir. It can be found at elevations of 200–2800 m, but usually between 1000 m and 2600 m. This species favors low secondary growth. [4]

Behavior

Chinese leaf warblers can be found singly or in pairs during the breeding season. These birds are generally somewhat bold in personality. They almost always keep to tree canopies, where they feed on insects. Males also sing from the tops of trees. [4]

Songs

The Chinese leaf warbler has a unique song compared to other species of its genus. The song often lasts over a minute and is dry and monotonous “tsiridi” repeated five times. The call note is loud and varied, an irregular series of clear scolding whistles of “tueet” repeated five times, then four series of decreasing lengths, finishing up with another 5-fold note. The last phrase can be a hammering “tueet-tuee-tee”, with a seven-fold “tee”. The close-range call is a soft “trr-trr”. [4]

Related Research Articles

Leaf warbler Genus of birds

Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.

Arctic warbler Species of migratory leaf warbler

The Arctic warbler is a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and the northern Palearctic. It has established a foothold in North America, breeding in Alaska. This warbler is strongly migratory; the entire population winters in southeast Asia. It therefore has one of the longest migrations of any Old World insectivorous bird.

Greenish warbler Species of bird

The greenish warbler is a widespread leaf warbler with a breeding range in northeastern Europe, and temperate to subtropical continental Asia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in India. It is not uncommon as a spring or early autumn vagrant in Western Europe and is annually seen in Great Britain. In Central Europe large numbers of vagrant birds are encountered in some years; some of these may stay to breed, as a handful of pairs does each year in Germany.

Green warbler Species of bird

The green warbler, also known as green willow warbler or green leaf warbler, is a leaf warbler found in the Caucasus Mountains in southeastern Europe.

Pallass leaf warbler A small migratory passerine bird that breeds in northern Asia

Pallas's leaf warbler or Pallas's warbler, is a bird that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China. It is named for German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas, who first formally described it. This leaf warbler is strongly migratory, wintering mainly in south China and adjacent areas of southeast Asia, although in recent decades increasing numbers have been found in Europe in autumn.

Yellow-browed warbler Species of bird

The yellow-browed warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in the east Palearctic. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters mainly in tropical South Asia and South-east Asia, but also in small numbers in western Europe. Like the rest of Phylloscopidae, it was formerly included in the Old World warbler assemblage.

Humes leaf warbler Species of bird

Hume's leaf warbler or Hume's warbler is a small leaf warbler which breeds in the mountains of inner Asia. This warbler is migratory and winters mainly in India.

Raddes warbler Species of bird

Radde's warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in Siberia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in Southeast Asia. The genus name Phylloscopus is from Ancient Greek phullon, "leaf", and skopos, "seeker". The specific schwarzi commemorates German astronomer Ludwig Schwarz (1822–1894).

Peter R. Colston is an English ornithologist.

Claudias leaf warbler Species of bird

Claudia's leaf warbler is a leaf warbler found only in China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. Most taxonomists previously considered it to be a subspecies of the Blyth's leaf warbler.

Eastern crowned warbler Species of bird

The eastern crowned warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It inhabits boreal and temperate forests in the east Palearctic.

The Emei leaf warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.

Hartert's leaf warbler is a leaf warbler found only in China. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It was previously considered a subspecies of Blyth's leaf warbler.

Klosss leaf warbler Species of bird

Kloss's leaf warbler is a leaf warbler found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

White-spectacled warbler Species of bird

The white-spectacled warbler is a species of leaf warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found in Asia from the eastern Himalayas to south-eastern China and southern Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It was formerly included in the Old World warbler family, Sylviidae.

<i>Seicercus</i> Genus of birds

Seicercus is a genus of Old World warbler formerly in the family Sylviidae but now placed in Phylloscopidae. Recent scientific studies have recommended synonymizing this genus with Phylloscopus, and are placed there.

Martens's warbler, also known as Omei warbler or Emei Shan warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It was first described in 1999. It is found in China and Myanmar. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Alström's warbler, or the plain-tailed warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It was first described in 1999. It breeds only in China and winters as far as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

Limestone leaf warbler Species of bird

The limestone leaf warbler is a species of warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. When this species was first seen, beginning in 1994, it was mistaken for the similar sulphur-breasted warbler. It is smaller than the sulphur-breasted warbler, and has more rounded wings. The plumage is almost identical, with comparisons showing only a slightly colder yellow below and a greyer tinge above. Although smaller, the bill is proportionally larger than that of the sulphur-breasted warbler. Accurate measurements are not available; the holotype has a wing length of 5.2 centimetres (2.0 in); the paratype a tail length of 3.7 centimetres (1.5 in) and a bill length of 1.39 centimetres (0.55 in). The species is known to occur in northern Vietnam and Laos, and potentially also occurs in southern China as well. The species name, calciatilis, means "dwelling on limestone", which along with its common name is a reference to its natural habitat, which is broadleaved evergreen and semi-evergreen forest growing around limestone karst mountains. The bare-faced bulbul, described in 2009, was found in the karst of the same region.

Sichuan bush warbler Species of bird

The Sichuan bush warbler lives primarily in the thick brush and on tea plantations in five mountainous provinces of central China. It is a relatively small bird with a weight of 10 grams and an average length of 13 cm. Unlike its congener the russet bush warbler, which is found in the same mountains and also in the Himalayas, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, the Sichuan bush warbler prefers elevations below 7,500 feet. The two species shared a common ancestor about 850,000 years ago. They are distinguished by plumage and sonogram terminology – their songs. Locustella chengi emits a long buzz, followed by a shorter click, often repeated in series, and the song is in a lower frequency than its genetic cousin.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Phylloscopus yunnanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22732052A95041483. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22732052A95041483.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 La Touche (1922); also noted as Phylloscopus yuwnanensis [sic] on p. 73 of Transactions of the Science Society of China, Vol. 9; also known as The Transactions of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Science; Zhongguo, Ke Xue She, Science Society of China, 1947. [La Touche book: The Birds of Hupeh, 1922.]?
  3. 1 2 Alström, Per; Olsson, Urban; Colston, Peter R. (1992). "A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from central China". Ibis. 134 (4): 329–334. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1992.tb08011.x.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Baker, Kevin (1997). Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa. A&C Black. ISBN   978-0-7136-3971-1.
  5. Dickinson, Edward C., ed. (2003). The Howard and Moore's Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World (3rd ed.). London: Christopher Helm. ISBN   0-7136-6536-X.

Further reading