Chrysophyllum

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Chrysophyllum
Starr 070111-3283 Chrysophyllum oliviforme.jpg
Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Subfamily: Chrysophylloideae
Genus: Chrysophyllum
L. [1]
Synonyms [1]
  • AchrouteriaEyma
  • CainitoPlum. ex Adans., nom. superfl.
  • ChlorolumaBaill.
  • ChlorophyllumLiais, orth. var.
  • CornuellaPierre
  • CynodendronBaehni
  • DactimalaRaf.
  • FibocentrumPierre ex Glaziou, opus utique oppr.
  • GambeyobotrysAubrév.
  • GuersentiaRaf.
  • MartiusellaPierre
  • NycterisitionRuiz & Pav.
  • PrieurellaPierre
  • RagalaPierre
  • Villocuspis(A.DC.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.

Chrysophyllum is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. [2] [3]

Contents

The genus is native to the tropical Americas, from Mexico to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean. [1] One species, C. oliviforme , extends north to southern Florida. [4] [1]

Description

Chrysophyllum members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named. [5] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible. [ citation needed ] [6] [7]

Species

Currently accepted species include: [1]

  1. Chrysophyllum acreanum - Brazil (Acre, Amazonas)
  2. Chrysophyllum albipilum - Peru (San Martín)
  3. Chrysophyllum amazonicum - Amazon Basin
  4. Chrysophyllum arenarium - E Brazil
  5. Chrysophyllum argenteum - West Indies, Central America, N South America
  6. Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum - Miranda
  7. Chrysophyllum bicolor - Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
  8. Chrysophyllum bombycinum - Loreto, Amazonas
  9. Chrysophyllum brenesii - Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
  10. Chrysophyllum cainito - Belize, Jamaica, Cayman Is
  11. Chrysophyllum colombianum - Central America, NW South America
  12. Chrysophyllum contumacense - Peru
  13. Chrysophyllum cuneifolium - N South America
  14. Chrysophyllum durifructum - Amazonas
  15. Chrysophyllum euryphyllum - Colombia
  16. Chrysophyllum eximium - Suriname, N. Brazil
  17. Chrysophyllum flexuosum - Brazil
  18. Chrysophyllum gonocarpum - Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, N Argentina
  19. Chrysophyllum hirsutum - Panama, Costa Rica
  20. Chrysophyllum imperiale - E Brazil
  21. Chrysophyllum inornatum - S Brazil
  22. Chrysophyllum januariense - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  23. Chrysophyllum lanatum - Colombia
  24. Chrysophyllum lancisepalum R.Lima – Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo)
  25. Chrysophyllum lucentifolium - Panama, Costa Rica, South America
  26. Chrysophyllum manabiense - Ecuador
  27. Chrysophyllum manaosense - N South America
  28. Chrysophyllum marginatum - South America
  29. Chrysophyllum mexicanum - Mexico, Central America
  30. Chrysophyllum moralesiananum Aguilar, D.Santam. & J.M.Chaves – Costa Rica
  31. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. - Florida, West Indies
  32. Chrysophyllum ovale - Peru, Bolivia, Acre
  33. Chrysophyllum paranaense - São Paulo, Paraná
  34. Chrysophyllum parvulum - Colombia, Venezuela
  35. Chrysophyllum pauciflorum - Puerto Rico to Virgin Islands
  36. Chrysophyllum pomiferum - tropical South America
  37. Chrysophyllum prieurii - Panama, tropical South America
  38. Chrysophyllum pubipetalum Sossai & Alves-Araújo – Brazil (Espirito Santo)
  39. Chrysophyllum reitzianum Santa Catarina
  40. Chrysophyllum revolutum - Peru
  41. Chrysophyllum rufum - E Brazil
  42. Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum - tropical South America
  43. Chrysophyllum scalare - Peru, Venezuela
  44. Chrysophyllum sierpense Aguilar, D.Santam. & J.M.Chaves – Costa Rica
  45. Chrysophyllum sparsiflorum - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
  46. Chrysophyllum splendens - E Brazil
  47. Chrysophyllum striatum - Panama
  48. Chrysophyllum subspinosum - Bahia
  49. Chrysophyllum superbum - Amazonas
  50. Chrysophyllum ucuquirana-branca - S Venezuela, N Brazil
  51. Chrysophyllum venezuelanense - tropical South America, Central America, Mexico
  52. Chrysophyllum viride - Brazil
  53. Chrysophyllum wilsonii - Amazonas
Formerly included [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chrysophyllum L. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 5 June 2023.
  2. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192 in Latin
  3. Tropicos, Chrysophyllum L.
  4. Chrysophyllum L. World Flora Online. Accessed 3 December 2022.
  5. The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. I A-C. CRC Press. p. 534. ISBN   978-0-8493-2675-2.
  6. Flora of North America Vol. 8 Page 245 Cainito Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
  7. Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu Chrysophyllum Linnaeus