Chrysophyllum cainito

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Chrysophyllum cainito
Chrusophyllum cainito.jpg
Fruit
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Genus: Chrysophyllum
Species:
C. cainito
Binomial name
Chrysophyllum cainito
Synonyms [2]
  • Cainito pomiferum Tussac
  • Chrysophyllum bonplandii Klotzsch ex Miq.
  • Chrysophyllum caeruleum Jacq.
  • Chrysophyllum jamaicense Jacq.
  • Chrysophyllum maliforme L.
  • Chrysophyllum monopyrenum Spreng.
  • Chrysophyllum ottonis Klotzsch ex Miq.

Chrysophyllum cainito is a tropical tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is native to the Isthmus of Panama, where it was domesticated. [3] It has spread to the Greater Antilles and the West Indies and is now grown throughout the tropics, including Southeast Asia. [4] It grows rapidly and reaches 20 meters in height.

Contents

Name

The common names cainito and caimito likely come from the Mayan words cab (juice), im (breast), and vitis (sap), via Spanish. [5] Star apple is a common name. [6] It is also known as the purple apple.[ citation needed ]

Description

Tree

The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple oval, entire, 5–15 cm long; the underside shines with a golden color when seen from a distance. The tiny flowers are purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell. The tree is also hermaphroditic (self-fertile). It produces a strong odor.

Fruit

The fruit is globose and typically measures from 2 to 3 inches in diameter. [7] When ripe, it usually has purple skin with a faint green area appearing around the calyx. A radiating star pattern is visible in the pulp. Greenish-white and yellow-fruited cultivars are sometimes available. The skin is rich in latex, and both it and the rind are not edible. The flattened seeds are light brown and hard. It is a seasonal fruit bearing tree.[ citation needed ]

The fruits are used as a fresh dessert fruit; it is sweet and often served chilled. The fruit also exists in three colors, dark purple, greenish brown and yellow. The purple fruit has a denser skin and texture while the greenish brown fruit has a thin skin and a more liquid pulp; the yellow variety is less common.[ citation needed ]

A number of related species, also called star apples, are grown in Africa including Gambeya albida and G. africana . [8]

References

  1. ↑ Condit, R. (2022). "Chrysophyllum cainito". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T197735752A197789299. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T197735752A197789299.en .
  2. 1 2 "Chrysophyllum cainito". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  3. ↑ Petersen, Jennifer J.; Parker, Ingrid M.; Potter, Daniel (March 2014). "Domestication of the neotropical tree Chrysophyllum cainito from a geographically limited yet genetically diverse gene pool in Panama". Ecology and Evolution. 4 (5): 539–553. doi:10.1002/ece3.948. ISSN   2045-7758. PMC   4098135 . PMID   25035796.
  4. ↑ ”Chrysophyllum cainito” at AgroForestryTree Database at http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=524 Archived 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine .
  5. ↑ Suárez Molina, Victor (1996). Güémez Pineda, Miguel (ed.). El español que se habla en Yucatán[The Spanish spoken in Yucatan] (in Spanish) (3 ed.). Mérida: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. p. 112. ISBN   9687556226. OL   18120697M.
  6. ↑ "Chrysophyllum cainito L." Flora and Fauna Web, Government of Singapore. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  7. ↑ Boning, Charles R. (2006). Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. p. 199. ISBN   1561643726.
  8. ↑ National Research Council (2008-01-25). "Star Apples". Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits. Lost Crops of Africa. Vol. 3. National Academies Press. ISBN   978-0-309-10596-5. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
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