Chrysotoxum

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Chrysotoxum
Chrysotoxum arcuatum, North Wales, Aug 2009 (17515287172).jpg
Female Chrysotoxum arcuatum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Syrphidae
Tribe: Syrphini
Genus: Chrysotoxum
Meigen, 1803
Female Chrysotoxum bicinctum Zweiband Wespenschwebfliege Chrysotoxum bicinctum.jpg
Female Chrysotoxum bicinctum

The genus Chrysotoxum (Meigen, 1803) consists of large, wasp-mimicking species. The adults are distinguished by very long antennae, oval abdomen with yellow stripes, and yellow patterns on the thoracic pleurae (sides of the thorax). The species of Chrysotoxum are chiefly Holarctic in distribution. . The species in this genus, are mostly very uniform in structure and colour and are separated with difficulty. [1] Larvae are specialized in preying upon root aphids associated with ant nests. [2] [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

Chrysotoxum is the only genus in the tribe Chrysotoxini Features common to this genus are: The head is slightly wider than the thorax. The eyes are more or less pubescent and are contiguous (contacting each other medially) in males and widely separated in females. They have a prominent or angular frons and antennae base, features best seen in profile. The face is slightly concave. The antennae are long and erect, inserted on the frontal angle, with the first two segments nearly equal, and the third one (flagellum) is three to six times longer than the previous ones. Abdomen strongly convex dorsally, very deeply margined. Abdomen strongly convex dorsally, very deeply margined. The wings have the median transverse vein located before the middle of the discal cell. The wing vein R4+5 clearly dipped into cell r4+5. [4]

There are many Chrysotoxum taxonomy concerns yet to be resolved due to the few morphological features available for species characterisation. Characters frequently used: the color of legs, the overall size, the connections between the various abdominal stripes and spots have been found to vary considerably within a species Differences in male terminalia, often of great diagnostic value in other genera are, so far, unhelpful among the majority of Chrysotoxum species. [5]

Species

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<i>Microdon</i> Genus of flies

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<i>Mallota</i> Genus of flies

Mallota is a widely distributed Holarctic genus of hoverfly, well known for their bee-like appearance.

<i>Scathophaga</i> Genus of flies

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<i>Xylota</i> Genus of flies

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<i>Villa</i> (fly) Genus of flies

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<i>Spilomyia</i> Genus of flies

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<i>Eumerus</i> Genus of flies

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<i>Platycheirus</i> Genus of flies

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<i>Criorhina</i> Genus of flies

Criorhina is a genus of hoverflies. Medium to large sized species, black or greenish black, with or without light ground markings mimicking bumblebees. The head is much flattened and broader than the thorax. The antennae are situated upon a prominent conical frontal process, The face is moderately produced below the eyes, downward or forward, in profile. The eyes are bare. The abdomen is elliptical or very short oval. Larvae found in rot holes or decaying hardwoods

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<i>Chrysogaster</i> Genus of flies

Chrysogaster is a genus of small hoverflies in the subfamily Eristalinae. They are dark or black with shiny colourful reflections and can often be seen visiting flowers in damp marshy areas where the aquatic larvae live. Species in the related genera Melanogaster, Orthonevra, Lejogaster and Riponnensia were formerly treated as members of Chrysogaster.

<i>Orthonevra</i> Genus of flies


Orthonevra is a genus of fly in the syrphidae family with at least 59 species identified so far. They are worldwide in distribution but concentrated in the Eastern North America and Europe.Orthonevra are commonly called Mucksuckers after the larvae which have been found in organic rich mud, i.e. muck. This genus belongs to the tribe Brachyopini that includes the prominent genera Melanogaster, Brachyopa, Neoascia and Sphegina. Orthonevra have black heads with blue to purple reflections. Many species have distinctive eye stripes. The antennae are somewhat elongate. The frons is wrinkled with silvery spots at sides of antennae. The thorax with small punctures dorsally and in several species the body is covered with scale-like pile. Wingd vein M1 curves away from the wing tip.(see images)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pipiza</span> Genus of flies

Pipiza is a genus Hoverflies, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. Most are dark hoverflies.

<i>Pipizella</i> Genus of flies

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Total of 245 species either found or highly expected to be found in New York.

References

  1. Shannon, Raymond Corbett (1926). "Review of the American xylotine syrphid-flies". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 69 ((9)[2635]): 1–52. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.69-2637.1 . Retrieved 19 July 2021.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  2. Rotheray, Graham (1998). "Phylogeny of Palaearctic Syrphidae (Diptera): evidence from larval stages". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 127: 1–112. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1999.tb01305.x.
  3. Stubbs, Alan E.; Falk, Steven J. (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide. British Entomological & Natural History Society. pp. 253, xvpp.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Vockeroth, J.R. (1991). The Flower Flies of the Subfamily Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada Part 18. Agriculture Canada. p. 456.
  5. Masetti, Antonio; Luchetti, Andrea; Sommaggio, Daniele (2006). "Phylogeny of Chrysotoxum species (Diptera: Syrphidae) inferred from morphological and molecular characters". Eur. J. Entomol. 103 (2): 459–467. doi:10.14411/EJE.2006.059. S2CID   55348395.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Violovitsh, N. A. (1973). "New species of hover-flies of the genus Chrysotoxum Mb. (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Palaearctic". Ent. Obozr. 52: 924–934.
  7. Walker, F. (1849). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. 485–687.
  8. Williston, S.W. (1887). "Synopsis of the North American Syrphidae". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 31: 1–335.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  9. Mutin, V.A. (1999). "Fam. Syrphidae" (PDF). Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. 6: 342–500.