| Cimolichthys Temporal range: Late Cretaceous [1] | |
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| Cimolichthys nepaholica specimen, Denver museum. | |
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| Order: | Rosen, 1973 |
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| Family: | Cimolichthyidae [2] |
| Genus: | Cimolichthys Leidy, 1857 |
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Cimolichthys is an extinct genus of 1.5- to 2.0-meter-long nektonic predatory aulopiformid fish.
Although the closest living relatives of Cimolichthys are lancetfish and lizardfish, the living animals would have resembled very large freshwater pikes. Their bodies were covered by large, heavy scutes. Typical of this species are narrow lower jaws with several series of teeth. Remains of undigested fishes or squids have been found in collected specimens. They lived in the Late Cretaceous period, from the Cenomanian age (99.6 ± 0.9 Mya and 93.5 ± 0.8 Mya) to the Maastrichtian age (70.6 ± 0.6 Mya to 66 Mya). [3]
Fossils of Cimolichthys are found in Cretaceous strata of North America (Canada and United States) and Europe.
Acipenseriformes is an order of basal ray-finned fishes that includes living and fossil sturgeons and paddlefishes (Acipenseroidei), as well as the extinct families Chondrosteidae and Peipiaosteidae. They are the second earliest diverging group of living ray-finned fish after the bichirs. Despite being early diverging, they are highly derived, having only weakly ossified skeletons that are mostly made of cartilage, and in modern representatives highly modified skulls.
Arowanas are freshwater bony fish of the subfamily Osteoglossinae, also known as bony tongues. In this family of fish, the head is bony and the elongated body is covered by large, heavy scales, with a mosaic pattern of canals. The dorsal and anal fins have soft rays and are long based, while the pectoral and ventral fins are small. The name "bonytongues" is derived from a toothed bone on the floor of the mouth, the "tongue", equipped with teeth that bite against teeth on the roof of the mouth. The arowana is a facultative air breather and can obtain oxygen from air by sucking it into its swim bladder, which is lined with capillaries like lung tissue.
Batrachoididae is the only family in the ray-finned fish order Batrachoidiformes. Members of this family are usually called toadfish or frogfish: both the English common name and scientific name refer to their toad-like appearance.
Snakeflies are a group of predatory insects comprising the order Raphidioptera with two extant families: Raphidiidae and Inocelliidae, consisting of roughly 260 species. In the past, the group had a much wider distribution than it does now; snakeflies are found in temperate regions worldwide but are absent from the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Recognisable representatives of the group first appeared during the Early Jurassic. They are a relict group, having reached their apex of diversity during the Cretaceous before undergoing substantial decline.
Caturus is an extinct genus of predatory fishes in the family Caturidae in the order Amiiformes, related to modern bowfin. Fossils of this genus range from 200 to 109 mya. It has been suggested that the genus is non-monophyletic with respect to other caturid genera.
Dastilbe is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish from the Aptian.
Araripichthys is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived from the Aptian to Coniacian stages of the Cretaceous period. The genus is named after the Araripe Basin, where it was found in the Crato and Santana Formations. Other fossils of the genus have been found at Goulmima in Morocco, the Tlayua Formation of Mexico and the Apón Formation of Venezuela.
Wadeichthys oxyops is an extinct archaeomaenid bony fish from the Koonwarra Lake fauna of Lower Cretaceous Victoria, Australia. If the related genus Koonwarria is regarded as being in a different family, then W. oxyops is the only known Cretaceous-aged archaeomaenid.
Eutrichiurides is an extinct genus of prehistoric cutlass fish.
Pachydesmoceras is a genus of ammonites belonging to the family Desmoceratidae.
Calycoceras is an extinct genus of cephalopods belonging to the subclass Ammonoidea and family Acanthoceratidae that lived during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, 100-94 Mya. Their shells had ornate ribs.
Requienia is an extinct genus of fossil saltwater clam, a marine bivalve molluscs in the order Hippuritida, family Requieniidae. These rudists lived in the Cretaceous period, from the Valanginian age (136.4–140.2) to the Campanian age. They were stationary intermediate-level suspension feeders.
Belemnites is a genus of an extinct group of cephalopods belonging to the order Belemnitida. These cephalopods existed in the Early Jurassic period from the Hettangian age to the Toarcian age (175.6–183.0). They were fast-moving nektonic carnivores.
Lopha is a genus of marine bivalve molluscs in the family Ostreidae.
Holopea is an extinct genus of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks in the family Holopeidae.
Hauericeras is an ammonite genus from the Late Cretaceous that lived from the Coniacian to the late Maastrichtian, from about 90 to 66 mya. Fossils have been found in Europe, Russia, South Africa, Australia, India, Iraq, and in the United States.
Pygope is an extinct genus of brachiopods belonging to the family Pygopidae. These brachiopods lived in open sea from the Jurassic Period, Kimmeridgian age up to Cretaceous Period, Barremian age. Some of the species are characterised by a smaller or larger perforation through the entire shell in older specimens, while others just have a depression somewhere on the midline. Younger specimens of the perforated species develop a heart-shape and subsequently both extensions merge, thus encircling a central passage which is in fact entirely outside the shell.
Protetragonites is an extinct genus of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the family Lytoceratidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived from the Jurassic period Tithonian age to the Cretaceous period Aptian age.
Eulytoceras is an extinct genus of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the family Lytoceratidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived in the Cretaceous period, from Hauterivian age to Barremian age.
Tingmiatornis is a genus of flighted and possibly diving ornithurine bird from the High Arctic of Canada. The genus contains a single species, T. arctica, described in 2016, which lived during the Turonian epoch of the Cretaceous.
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