Coccinella undecimpunctata

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Eleven-spot Ladybird
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Coccinellidae
Genus: Coccinella
Species:
C. undecimpunctata
Binomial name
Coccinella undecimpunctata

Coccinella undecimpunctata, the eleven-spot ladybird or eleven-spotted lady beetle, it is native to central Asia, [2] though commonly found in Europe, and formerly North America as its populations are decreasing. [2] [3] It is of the family Coccinellidae , commonly referred to as ladybugs or lady beetles.

Contents

Description

C. undecimpunctata is a lady beetle with eleven black spots found on its red/orange elytra. Its size can range from around 4.0 to 5.0mm. It may look like this beetle has six spots on each elytron, however the black spot in the center of the elytra, just behind the pronotum, counts as just one.

Distribution

Endemic to the Palearctic - Europe, North Africa, European Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia, the Russian Far East, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Western Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, North India. [4] [5] C. undecimpunctata has been introduced to Australia [6] as a biological control agent. It has been said that C. undecimpunctata was introduced to New Zealand [7] as a form of pest control as well, however this has proven to be false. [8]

C. undecimpunctata Coccinella undecimpunctata - 49225159101.jpg
C. undecimpunctata

Habitat and Diet

C. undecimpunctata feeds on aphids associated with grasses - in fields, in ruderal biotopes, on steppe (including Pannonian steppe), stone quarries, wastelands, dry forest edges in meadows and coastal meadow, in open habitats with grasses, and near rivers. Frequently in biotopes with Ammophila arenaria it also occurs on alluvial soils, detritus, on dead grass and in biotopes with Salix purpurea. [9] It is salt resistant and can feed on aphids inhabiting Atriplex tatarica and other grasses associated with saline areas. [10]

Biology

Reproduction

C. undecimpunctata reproduces sexually, and has a tendency to cannibalize other individuals/pairs eggs. [11] They do this because it improves their own eggs viability, increases their fecundity, and decreases development time of remaining offspring. [11] However, these benefits depend on which sex is cannibalizing eggs—paternal cannibalization increases fecundity and egg viability, where maternal cannibalization only increases egg viability. [11] If both parents cannibalize eggs, pupation and general developmental time decreases. [11]

Disease

Wolbachia

Wolbachia is a genus of maternally inherited bacteria that infests mainly arthropods. [12] This bacteria kills male offspring in the egg, favoring female offspring—If host eggs are exposed to a heat treatment, the bacteria dies and leaves no molecular trace. [12]

Relationship to Humans

As a form of pest control

Lady beetles are used as a form of pest control for various pests as well as by various modes, whether they be used within a house for hobby plants, in a garden for food, or for more industrial-like settings. Biological forms of pest control are used because they are less harmful than insecticides, which can have negative or even dangerous effects on the plant, beneficial insects, and even humans. [13] C. undecimpunctata has been proven to be an excellent measure of pest control for cotton mealybugs ( Phenacoccus solenopsis ), though females tend to eat more over their lifespan than males did. [13] Another pest C. undecimpunctata has been known for being used as pest control for is aphids. Rather than just using the beetles as adults for pest control, it has been shown that they eat just under 1.5 times more in their fourth instar than they do as adults. [14] It is best to release C. undecimpunctata populations when pest populations are low. [14]

Insecticides

While some prefer to use biological pest control such as releasing predators into an area to get rid of pests, insecticides are still used widely. Sometimes biological pest control as well as chemical pest control are used simultaneously, or the natural fauna in the area are not accounted for when insecticides are used—chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and spinosad are insecticides used on a common prey of C. undecimpunctata, the cabbage aphid ( Brevicoryne brassicae ) [15] While these insecticides are much more effective on the prey, B. brassicae, both chlorpyrifos and spinosad were still much more unsafe for C. undecimpunctata than deltamethrin is. [15] Other insecticides like pirimicarb and pymetrozine are recommended as they do not have significant impact on C. undecimpunctata, where buprofezin, when sprayed on larvae, decreased survival rate to adulthood by 33%. [16]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hippodamia convergens</i> Species of beetle

Hippodamia convergens, commonly known as the convergent lady beetle, is one of the most common lady beetles in North America and is found throughout the continent. They tend to live a variety of habitats, including grasslands and forests.

Coccinella novemnotata, the nine-spotted ladybug or nine-spotted lady beetle or C9, is a species of ladybug in the family Coccinellidae native to North America. This beetle was once ubiquitous across the continent but it experienced a sharp and drastic decline around the 1960’s. As a rare species, the nine-spotted ladybug has received much attention from researchers who wish to understand the causes of its decline and restore the population of this charismatic beetle to benefit from their aphidophagous nature as biocontrol agents in agriculture.

<i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> Species of beetle

Coccinella septempunctata, the common ladybug, the seven-spot ladybird, is a carnivorous beetle native to the Old World and is the most common ladybird in Europe. The beetle is also found in North America, Central and Eastern Asia and regions with a temperate climate. Its elytra are of a red colour, but each punctuated with three black spots, with one further spot being spread over the junction of the two, making a total of seven spots, from which the species derives both its common and scientific names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coccinellidae</span> Family of beetles

Coccinellidae is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to mother Mary. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs. The more than 6,000 described species have a global distribution and are found in a variety of habitats. They are oval beetles with a domed back and flat underside. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic (warning) colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they taste bad.

<i>Coccinella transversalis</i> Species of beetle

Coccinella transversalis, commonly known as the transverse ladybird or transverse lady beetle, is a species of ladybird beetle found from India across southern and southeastern Asia to Malesia and Australia. It is not to be confused with Coccinella transversoguttata, a widespread species in Europe and North America also known as the transverse ladybird. The alternative vernacular of small transverse ladybird may be used for C. transversalis in instances where these two species are discussed together.

<i>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</i> Beetle that eats pest mealybugs

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, common name mealybug ladybird or mealybug destroyer, is a species of ladybird beetle native to eastern Australia. The beetle feeds on mealybugs and other scale insects, and is used to control those pests on citrus orchards worldwide.

<i>Coccinella leonina</i> Species of ladybird native to New Zealand

Coccinella leonina, common name orange-spotted ladybird, is a species of ladybird native to New Zealand. It is black with orange spots. A predator species, it is present in a variety of habitats.

<i>Calvia quatuordecimguttata</i> Species of beetle

Calvia quatuordecimguttata, the cream-spot ladybird, is a species of ladybird in the family Coccinellidae. Its distribution is holarctic, it being found in Europe and through the East Palearctic to Japan. It is introduced to North America. This ladybird is generally 4 to 5 millimetres in length and varies in appearance depending on the geographical location. It usually lives in hedgerows and deciduous trees.

<i>Coleomegilla maculata</i> Species of beetle

Coleomegilla maculata, commonly known as the spotted lady beetle, pink spotted lady beetle or twelve-spotted lady beetle, is a large coccinellid beetle native to North America. The adults and larvae feed primarily on aphids and the species has been used as a biological control agent. Based on name connotation and to avoid confusion with other species also called "spotted ladybeetle", spotted pink ladybeetle is probably the most appropriate common name for this species.

<i>Cycloneda sanguinea</i> Species of beetle

Cycloneda sanguinea, also known as the spotless lady beetle, is a widespread species of ladybird beetle in the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epilachninae</span> Subfamily of beetles

The Epilachninae are a subfamily of the family of lady beetles, the Coccinellidae, in the order Coleoptera. Superficially, they look much like other ladybirds in the larger subfamily Coccinellinae, but they differ importantly in their biology, in that the members of the subfamily are largely or completely leaf-feeding herbivores rather than being predators. Accordingly, several members of the subfamily are crop pests, and sometimes cause locally serious crop losses.

<i>Exochomus quadripustulatus</i> Species of beetle

Exochomus quadripustulatus, common name pine ladybird or pine lady beetle, is a species of beetle of the family Coccinellidae. The distribution range of E. quadripustulatus includes Europe, Northern Asia, and North America.

<i>Eriopis connexa</i> Species of beetle

Eriopis connexa is a species of ladybird beetle that is native to South America. Both males and females mate multiple times with different individuals of the opposite sex, like most members of the family Coccinellidae. This promiscuous behavior leads to unique reproductive adaptations, such as sperm mixing. Females lay unfertilized eggs which their offspring consume upon hatching, thereby boosting offspring nutrition and reducing sibling cannibalism,. This predatory beetle species feeds primarily on aphids and is widespread throughout many agroecosystems, such as cotton, maize, sorghum, soybean, and wheat. Due to aphids being extremely damaging agricultural pests, E. connexa has been introduced to the United States for biological pest management. Recent studies on pyrethroid insecticide resistance in E. connexa have led to research by applied entomologists on the species' potential role in integrated pest management schemes in crop fields that rely on lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a common pyrethroid insecticide that is ineffective against aphid population control. The potential efficacy and success of the utilization of E. connexa in these programs is widely debated and is the focus of much recent research due to the lack of understanding regarding the effects of pyrethroid resistance on the behavior of this species.

<i>Brumoides suturalis</i> Species of beetle

Brumoides suturalis, the three-striped lady-beetle, is a species of ladybird described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1789. It is found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea.

<i>Olla v-nigrum</i> Species of beetle

Olla v-nigrum is a species in the family Coccinellidae, in the suborder Polyphaga. The species is known generally as the ashy gray lady beetle. The distribution range of Olla v-nigrum includes Central America, North America, and Oceania. It is usually gray or pale tan with small black spots on its elytra and thorax. However, a variation can resemble Chilocorus orbus, another species of lady beetle. This form is black with two red spots on the wing covers and has white on the edge of the prothorax.

<i>Anegleis cardoni</i> Species of beetle

Anegleis cardoni, is a species of lady beetle found in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The species name is after the collector Father Louis Cardon.

<i>Propylea dissecta</i> Species of beetle

Propylea dissecta, is a species of lady beetle native to India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.

<i>Scymnus latemaculatus</i> Species of beetle

Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus, is a species of lady beetle found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Taiwan.

<i>Scymnus nubilus</i> Species of beetle

Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus, is a species of lady beetle found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, China, and Asia Minor.

<i>Scymnus coccivora</i> Species of beetle

Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora, is a species of lady beetle found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Pakistan and probably in Thailand, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago and Papua New Guinea.

References

  1. ↑ "Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  2. 1 2 Smyth, R., Allee, L., & Losey, J. (2013). The status of Coccinella undecimpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in North America: An updated distribution from citizen science data. Coleopterists Bulletin, 67(4), 532-535.
  3. ↑ Wheeler, A., & Hoebeke, E. (2008). Rise and fall of an immigrant lady beetle: Is Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) still present in North America? Proceedings Of The Entomological Society Of Washington, 110(3), 817-823.
  4. ↑ N. B. Nikitsky and А. S. Ukrainsky , 2016 The Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Moscow Province ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2016, Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 710–735 ISSN 0013-8738 online pdf
  5. ↑ Fauna Europaea
  6. ↑ "Systematic Names - Coccinella undecimpunctata". www.ento.csiro.au CSIRO. 2005-07-07. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  7. ↑ "Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand" (in English and Māori). Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  8. ↑ Galbreath, R., & Cameron, P. (2015). The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to New Zealand in 1874: a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting. New Zealand Entomologist, 38(1), 7-9.
  9. ↑ Koch, K., Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, Ökologie. Vol. 2 (Goecke und Evers Verlag, Krefeld, 1989).
  10. ↑ Dyadechko, N.P., ..The Coccinellidae of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 1954) [in Russian].
  11. 1 2 3 4 Bayoumy, M., Abou-Elnaga, A., Ghanim, A., & Mashhoot, G. (2016). Egg cannibalism potential benefits for adult reproductive performance and offspring fitness of Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26(1), 35-42
  12. 1 2 Elnagdy, S., Messing, S., & Majerus, M. (2013). Two strains of male-killing Wolbachia in a ladybird, Coccinella undecimpunctata, from a hot climate. PLOS ONE, 8(1).
  13. 1 2 Hameed, A., Saleem, H., Ahmad, S., Iqbal, J., Karar, H., & Amin, A. (2013). Predatory potential and life history characteristics of eleven spotted beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. reared on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45(6), 1555-1562.
  14. 1 2 Cabral, S., Soares, A., & Garcia, P. (2009). Predation by Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Myzus persicaeSulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae): Effect of prey density. Biological Control, 50(1), 25-29.
  15. 1 2 El-Hawary, F., Amr, E., & Farag, N. (2010). Impact of some insecticides on the predator, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccenillidae) and its prey, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 20(2), 149-153.
  16. ↑ Cabral, S., Garcia, P., & Soares, A. (2008). Effects of pirimicarb, buprofezin and pymetrozine on survival, development and reproduction of Coccinella undecimpunctata (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18(3), 307-318.


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