Coccinella undecimpunctata

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Eleven-spot Ladybird
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Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Coccinellidae
Genus: Coccinella
Species:
C. undecimpunctata
Binomial name
Coccinella undecimpunctata

Coccinella undecimpunctata, the eleven-spot ladybird or eleven-spotted lady beetle, it is native to central Asia, [2] though commonly found in Europe, and formerly North America as its populations are decreasing. [2] [3] It is of the family Coccinellidae , commonly referred to as ladybugs or lady beetles.

Contents

Description

C. undecimpunctata is a lady beetle with eleven black spots found on its red/orange elytra. Its size can range from around 4.0 to 5.0mm. It may look like this beetle has six spots on each elytron, however the black spot in the center of the elytra, just behind the pronotum, counts as just one.

Distribution

Endemic to the Palearctic - Europe, North Africa, European Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia, the Russian Far East, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Western Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, North India. [4] [5] C. undecimpunctata has been introduced to Australia [6] as a biological control agent. It has been said that C. undecimpunctata was introduced to New Zealand [7] as a form of pest control as well, however this has proven to be false. [8]

C. undecimpunctata Coccinella undecimpunctata - 49225159101.jpg
C. undecimpunctata

Habitat and Diet

C. undecimpunctata feeds on aphids associated with grasses - in fields, in ruderal biotopes, on steppe (including Pannonian steppe), stone quarries, wastelands, dry forest edges in meadows and coastal meadow, in open habitats with grasses, and near rivers. Frequently in biotopes with Ammophila arenaria it also occurs on alluvial soils, detritus, on dead grass and in biotopes with Salix purpurea. [9] It is salt resistant and can feed on aphids inhabiting Atriplex tatarica and other grasses associated with saline areas. [10]

Biology

Reproduction

C. undecimpunctata reproduces sexually, and has a tendency to cannibalize other individuals/pairs eggs. [11] They do this because it improves their own eggs viability, increases their fecundity, and decreases development time of remaining offspring. [11] However, these benefits depend on which sex is cannibalizing eggs—paternal cannibalization increases fecundity and egg viability, where maternal cannibalization only increases egg viability. [11] If both parents cannibalize eggs, pupation and general developmental time decreases. [11]

Disease

Wolbachia

Wolbachia is a genus of maternally inherited bacteria that infests mainly arthropods. [12] This bacteria kills male offspring in the egg, favoring female offspring—If host eggs are exposed to a heat treatment, the bacteria dies and leaves no molecular trace. [12]

Relationship to Humans

As a form of pest control

Lady beetles are used as a form of pest control for various pests as well as by various modes, whether they be used within a house for hobby plants, in a garden for food, or for more industrial-like settings. Biological forms of pest control are used because they are less harmful than insecticides, which can have negative or even dangerous effects on the plant, beneficial insects, and even humans. [13] C. undecimpunctata has been proven to be an excellent measure of pest control for cotton mealybugs ( Phenacoccus solenopsis ), though females tend to eat more over their lifespan than males did. [13] Another pest C. undecimpunctata has been known for being used as pest control for is aphids. Rather than just using the beetles as adults for pest control, it has been shown that they eat just under 1.5 times more in their fourth instar than they do as adults. [14] It is best to release C. undecimpunctata populations when pest populations are low. [14]

Insecticides

While some prefer to use biological pest control such as releasing predators into an area to get rid of pests, insecticides are still used widely. Sometimes biological pest control as well as chemical pest control are used simultaneously, or the natural fauna in the area are not accounted for when insecticides are used—chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and spinosad are insecticides used on a common prey of C. undecimpunctata, the cabbage aphid ( Brevicoryne brassicae ) [15] While these insecticides are much more effective on the prey, B. brassicae, both chlorpyrifos and spinosad were still much more unsafe for C. undecimpunctata than deltamethrin is. [15] Other insecticides like pirimicarb and pymetrozine are recommended as they do not have significant impact on C. undecimpunctata, where buprofezin, when sprayed on larvae, decreased survival rate to adulthood by 33%. [16]

Related Research Articles

<i>Harmonia axyridis</i> Species of beetle

Harmonia axyridis is a large lady beetle or ladybug species that is most commonly known as the harlequin, multicoloured Asian, or Asian lady beetle. This is one of the most variable species in the world, with an exceptionally wide range of colour forms. It is native to eastern Asia, but has been artificially introduced to North America and Europe to control aphids and scale insects. It is now common, well known, and spreading in those regions, and has also established in Africa and widely across South America. This species is conspicuous in North America, where it may locally be known as the Halloween beetle, as it often invades homes during October to overwinter.

<i>Adalia bipunctata</i> Species of beetle

Adalia bipunctata, the two-spot ladybird, two-spotted ladybug or two-spotted lady beetle, is a carnivorous beetle of the family Coccinellidae that is found throughout the holarctic region. It is very common in western and central Europe. It is also native to North America but it has heavily declined in many states and provinces. It is commonly introduced and imported as a biological control agent.

<i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> Species of beetle

Coccinella septempunctata, the seven-spot ladybird, is the most common ladybird in Europe. Its elytra are of a red colour, but punctuated with three black spots each, with one further spot being spread over the junction of the two, making a total of seven spots, from which the species derives both its common and scientific names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coccinellidae</span> Family of beetles

Coccinellidae is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in Great Britain. Entomologists prefer the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they are distasteful.

<i>Coccinella transversalis</i> Species of beetle

Coccinella transversalis, commonly known as the transverse ladybird or transverse lady beetle is a species of ladybird beetle found from India across southern and southeastern Asia to Malesia and Australia. It is not to be confused with Coccinella transversoguttata, a widespread species in Europe and North America also known as the transverse ladybird. The alternative vernacular of small transverse ladybird may be used for C. transversalis in instances where these two species are discussed together.

<i>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</i> Beetle that eats pest mealybugs

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, common name mealybug ladybird or mealybug destroyer, is a ladybird species.

<i>Coccinella leonina</i> Species of beetle (ladybird) native to New Zealand

Coccinella leonina, common name orange-spotted ladybird, is a species of ladybird native to New Zealand. It is black with orange spots. A predator species, it is present in a variety of habitats.

<i>Adalia decempunctata</i> Species of beetle

Adalia decempunctata, the ten-spotted ladybird or ten-spotted lady beetle, is a carnivorous beetle of the family Coccinellidae.

<i>Calvia quatuordecimguttata</i> Species of beetle

Calvia quatuordecimguttata, the cream-spot ladybird, is a species of ladybird in the family Coccinellidae. Its distribution is holarctic, it being found in Europe and through the East Palearctic to Japan. It is introduced to North America. This ladybird is generally 4 to 5 millimetres in length and varies in appearance depending on the geographical location. It usually lives in hedgerows and deciduous trees.

<i>Coleomegilla maculata</i> Species of beetle

Coleomegilla maculata, commonly known as the spotted lady beetle, pink spotted lady beetle or twelve-spotted lady beetle, is a large coccinellid beetle native to North America. The adults and larvae feed primarily on aphids and the species has been used as a biological control agent. Based on name connotation and to avoid confusion with other species also called "spotted ladybeetle", spotted pink ladybeetle is probably the most appropriate common name for this species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epilachninae</span> Subfamily of beetles

The Epilachninae are a subfamily of the family of lady beetles, the Coccinellidae, in the order Coleoptera. Superficially, they look much like other ladybirds in the larger subfamily Coccinellinae, but they differ importantly in their biology, in that the members of the subfamily are largely or completely leaf-feeding herbivores rather than being predators. Accordingly, several members of the subfamily are crop pests, and sometimes cause locally serious crop losses.

<i>Coccinella magnifica</i> Species of beetle

Coccinella magnifica, also known as the scarce seven-spot ladybird, is a species of beetle in the family Coccinellidae. Both the adults and larvae are predators. They are known for their diet of aphids, but will eat many other pests such as soft-scale insects, spider mites, mealybugs, and the eggs of many others. A single larvae will eat about 400 medium size aphids during its development to pupal stage. An adult will eat about 300 aphids before it lays its eggs. Approximately 3 to 10 aphids are eaten for each egg laid, and a female will lay from 50 to 300 eggs in her lifetime. More than 5,000 aphids may be eaten by a single adult ladybug in its lifetime. The scarce 7-spot is often found along with nests of wood ants.

<i>Brumoides suturalis</i> Species of beetle

Brumoides suturalis, the three-striped lady-beetle, is a species of ladybird described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1789. It is found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. It was found on an indoor window ledge in Manchester, UK, on February 25, 2022. It likely hitchhiked on flowers.

<i>Chilocorus nigritus</i> Species of beetle

Chilocorus nigritus, sometimes referred to as the Malaysian ladybird beetle, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is native to SE Asia, but has been introduced for use in biological pest control in Hawaii and any parts of the world, including Europe.

<i>Harmonia octomaculata</i> Species of beetle

Harmonia octomaculata is a species of ladybird of the family Coccinellidae. It is found throughout India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Micronesia, and Australia.

<i>Anegleis cardoni</i> Species of beetle

Anegleis cardoni, is a species of lady beetle found in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Propylea dissecta, is a species of lady beetle native to India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.

<i>Scymnus latemaculatus</i> Species of beetle

Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus, is a species of lady beetle found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Taiwan.

<i>Scymnus nubilus</i> Species of beetle

Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus, is a species of lady beetle found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, China, and Asia Minor.

<i>Scymnus coccivora</i> Species of beetle

Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora, is a species of lady beetle found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Pakistan and probably in Thailand, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago and Papua New Guinea.

References

  1. ↑ "Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  2. 1 2 Smyth, R., Allee, L., & Losey, J. (2013). The status of Coccinella undecimpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in North America: An updated distribution from citizen science data. Coleopterists Bulletin, 67(4), 532-535.
  3. ↑ Wheeler, A., & Hoebeke, E. (2008). Rise and fall of an immigrant lady beetle: Is Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) still present in North America? Proceedings Of The Entomological Society Of Washington, 110(3), 817-823.
  4. ↑ N. B. Nikitsky and А. S. Ukrainsky , 2016 The Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Moscow Province ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2016, Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 710–735 ISSN 0013-8738 online pdf
  5. ↑ Fauna Europaea
  6. ↑ "Systematic Names - Coccinella undecimpunctata". www.ento.csiro.au CSIRO. 2005-07-07. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  7. ↑ "Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand" (in English and Māori). Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  8. ↑ Galbreath, R., & Cameron, P. (2015). The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to New Zealand in 1874: a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting. New Zealand Entomologist, 38(1), 7-9.
  9. ↑ Koch, K., Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, Ökologie. Vol. 2 (Goecke und Evers Verlag, Krefeld, 1989).
  10. ↑ Dyadechko, N.P., ..The Coccinellidae of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 1954) [in Russian].
  11. 1 2 3 4 Bayoumy, M., Abou-Elnaga, A., Ghanim, A., & Mashhoot, G. (2016). Egg cannibalism potential benefits for adult reproductive performance and offspring fitness of Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26(1), 35-42
  12. 1 2 Elnagdy, S., Messing, S., & Majerus, M. (2013). Two strains of male-killing Wolbachia in a ladybird, Coccinella undecimpunctata, from a hot climate. PLOS ONE, 8(1).
  13. 1 2 Hameed, A., Saleem, H., Ahmad, S., Iqbal, J., Karar, H., & Amin, A. (2013). Predatory potential and life history characteristics of eleven spotted beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. reared on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45(6), 1555-1562.
  14. 1 2 Cabral, S., Soares, A., & Garcia, P. (2009). Predation by Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Myzus persicaeSulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae): Effect of prey density. Biological Control, 50(1), 25-29.
  15. 1 2 El-Hawary, F., Amr, E., & Farag, N. (2010). Impact of some insecticides on the predator, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccenillidae) and its prey, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 20(2), 149-153.
  16. ↑ Cabral, S., Garcia, P., & Soares, A. (2008). Effects of pirimicarb, buprofezin and pymetrozine on survival, development and reproduction of Coccinella undecimpunctata (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18(3), 307-318.


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