Confrontation | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | 23 May 1983 | |||
Recorded | ca. 1977-80, April–May 1982 | |||
Studio | Tuff Gong Studios, Kingston, Jamaica | |||
Genre | Reggae | |||
Length | 37:47 | |||
Label | Tuff Gong/Island [1] | |||
Producer | Bob Marley & the Wailers and Errol Brown | |||
Bob Marley and the Wailers chronology | ||||
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Singles from Confrontation | ||||
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Review scores | |
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Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [2] |
Robert Christgau | B+ [3] |
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | [1] |
Rolling Stone | [4] |
Select | [5] |
Confrontation is the thirteenth and final studio album by Bob Marley & the Wailers and the only one to be released posthumously in May 1983, two years after Marley's death. The songs were compiled from unreleased material and singles recorded during Marley's lifetime. Many of the tracks were built up from demos, most notably "Jump Nyabinghi" where vocals from the I-Threes were added, which were not there when Marley released the song as a dubplate in 1979. In addition the harmony vocals on "Blackman Redemption" and "Rastaman Live Up" are performed by the I-Threes in order to give the album a consistent sound – on the original single versions they are performed by the Meditations. The most famous track on the album is "Buffalo Soldier".
The album cover depicts Bob Marley taking the role as the military saint Saint George slaying the dragon which symbolizes Babylon. Perhaps not coincidentally, this motif was also displayed on the reverse of the imperial standard of Rastafari icon Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, though the direct model for the album art is a British recruitment poster from World War I. Inside the album sleeve is an artist's depiction of the Battle of Adowa where Ethiopian forces defeated Italy in 1896.
All tracks are written by Bob Marley, except where stated
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|
1. | "Chant Down Babylon" | 2:36 | |
2. | "Buffalo Soldier" | Bob Marley, N.G. Williams | 4:17 |
3. | "Jump Nyabinghi" | 3:44 | |
4. | "Mix Up, Mix Up" | 5:02 | |
5. | "Give Thanks and Praises" | 3:16 |
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|
6. | "Blackman Redemption" | 3:33 | |
7. | "Trench Town" | 3:12 | |
8. | "Stiff Necked Fools" | 3:25 | |
9. | "I Know" | 3:21 | |
10. | "Rastaman Live Up!" | Bob Marley, Lee "Scratch" Perry | 5:26 |
All tracks are written by Bob Marley, except where stated
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|
1. | "Chant Down Babylon" | 2:36 | |
2. | "Buffalo Soldier" | Bob Marley, N.G. Williams | 4:17 |
3. | "Jump Nyabinghi" | 3:44 | |
4. | "Mix Up, Mix Up" | 5:02 | |
5. | "Give Thanks & Praises" | 3:16 | |
6. | "Blackman Redemption" | 3:33 | |
7. | "Trench Town" | 3:12 | |
8. | "Stiff Necked Fools" | 3:25 | |
9. | "I Know" | 3:21 | |
10. | "Rastaman Live Up!" | Bob Marley, Lee "Scratch" Perry | 5:26 |
11. | "Buffalo Soldier" (12-inch mix) | 7:37 |
Technical
Chart (1983) | Peak position |
---|---|
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) [6] | 11 |
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) [7] | 18 |
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) [8] | 26 |
French Albums (SNEP) [9] | 199 |
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) [10] | 31 |
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) [11] | 6 |
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) [12] | 12 |
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) [13] | 16 |
US Billboard 200 | 55 |
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 31 |
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
New Zealand (RMNZ) [14] | Gold | 7,500^ |
United States (RIAA) [15] | Gold | 500,000^ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |
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