The Congress Karma Parishad ('Congress Action Association') was a political party in Chandernagore, French India. The Congress Karma Parishad was linked to the Indian National Congress. [1] It was supported by Congress Party politicians from West Bengal. The party supported integration of Chandernagore with India. [2] Sachin Modak was the secretary of the Congress Karma Parishad. [3]
The Congress Karma Parishad won a landslide victory in the August 1948 municipal polls in Chandernagore, capturing 22 out of the 24 seats in the municipal council. [4] The main competitor of the Congress Karma Parishad in the elections, the communists (contesting as the National Democratic Front) were in a weakened position as the Communist Party of India had been banned. [5] During the election campaign the Congress Karma Parishad was supported by the provisional Administrative Council (the governing body of the municipality). [6] After the election, Deben Das became the president of the municipal council of Chandernagore. [7] The Congress Karma Parishad passed a resolution calling for the immediate integration of Chandernagore with India without any plebiscite. [8]
French India, formally the Établissements français dans l'Inde, was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian Subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were de facto incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several loges inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.
Yanam is a town located in the Yanam district in Puducherry. It has a population of 35,000 and is entirely surrounded by Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly a French colony for nearly 200 years, and, though united with India in 1954, is still sometimes known as "French Yanam". It possesses a blend of French culture and the Telugu culture, nicknamed Frelugu. During French rule, the Tuesday market at Yanam was popular among the Telugu people in the Madras Presidency, who visited Yanam to buy foreign and smuggled goods during Yanam People's Festival held in January. After implementation of the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 in British India, Telugu people often traveled to Yanam to conduct child marriages, which remained legal under the French administration.
Claude Arpi is French-born author, journalist, historian and tibetologist born in 1949 in Angoulême who lives in Auroville, India. He is the author of several books including The Fate of Tibet: When Big Insects Eat Small Insects, and several articles on Tibet, China, India and Indo-French relations.
Édouard Goubert was mayor and first chief minister of Pondicherry between 1 July 1963 and 11 September 1964. Initially a strongly pro-French leader, he later shifted towards the pro-merger Indian National Congress, which ultimately became the death knell for the sovereignty of France's comptoirs in India. He and Lambert Saravane founded the French India Socialist Party in July 1947.
Though the French established colonies in India in the 17th century itself, it was not until the end of the 19th century they started civil administration in French India.
The Coup d'état of Yanaon (Yanam) was a tense but ultimately non-lethal political coup at Yanam, India, in 1954. It occurred as India and France held ongoing negotiations regarding the future of French settlements in India. Yanam, along with Pondicherry, Karikal, and Mahé, was one of four small French colonial enclaves remaining in India after its 1947 independence from Britain. Though widely separated along both of India's coasts, the towns were collectively known as Pondicherry [Fr: Pondichéry; mod. India: Puducherry], after the largest of the settlements.
The City of Puducherry on the southeast coast of India does not have a recorded history from antiquity. Puducherry has history recorded only after the advent of the colonial powers such as the Dutch, Portuguese, English and the French. Nearby places such as Arikanmedu, Kakayanthoppe, Villianur, and Bahur, which were annexed by the French East India Company over a period of time and became the Union Territory of Puducherry after Independence, have written histories that predate the colonial era.
Yanaon or Yanam was one of the five principal settlements of French India between 1731 and 1954.
The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity, more commonly known as CPI(ML) Party Unity or simply 'Party Unity', was a communist party in India 1982-1998. Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad was the general secretary of the party. Party Unity was the official organ of the party. CPI(ML) Party Unity was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
The French India Socialist Party was a political party in French India. The party was led by Édouard Goubert, Minister for General Administration for French India. The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule.
The Communist Party of French India was a political party in French India. V. Subbiah was the secretary of the party.
The French India Students Congress was a student movement in French India, which fought for independence of the colony from French rule. The foundation of the French India Students Congress was preceded by the formation of the French India National Congress. The French India Student Congress was affiliated with the All India Student Congress.
Varadarajulu Kailasa Subbiah was an Indian communist politician from Pondicherry. Subbiah was the secretary of the Communist Party of French India. He is regarded as the founder of the trade union movement in the union territory. Subbiah was one of the 'Tamrapatra awardees', awarded the decoration for their role in the Indian freedom struggle.
The National Democratic Front was a political coalition in French India. The movement dominated the political scene in the colony for a brief period until the emergence of a split between the socialists and communists in the coalition.
Elections to municipal councils in the 22 municipalities of French India were held by universal direct suffrage on June 23, 1946. The National Democratic Front captured power in all 22 municipalities, winning 101 out of 122 municipal seats up for election. Kamal Ghosh, a National Democratic Front leader, became mayor of Chandernagore.
Kewal Singh Choudhary (1915–1991) was an Indian diplomat, Foreign Secretary and India's ambassador to the USSR, Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan and USA. He was a 1955 recipient of the Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri.
Chandernagore Municipal Corporation or CMC is the local government that governs the city of Chandannagar in Chandannagore subdivision of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India.
In 1946, French India became Overseas territory of France. Then, in the same year on 25 October, the Representative Assembly of French India of 44 members has been created that replaced the general council of 30 members.
After the merger of French settlements into an Indian union, a new assembly, named the Pondicherry Representative Assembly, was created by the government of India. After the "de facto transfer day" of 1 October 1954, before 16 August 1962 also referred to as "de-jure transfer day". During this transition period, general elections to the representative assembly were held in 1955 and 1959. After the de-jure transfer day, legal integration of French settlements into the Indian Union was complete. However, this assembly, like its predecessor, was advisory in its role, which led to frequent contention between the popular government and the chief commissioner.