Convallarioideae

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Convallarioideae
Maiglockchen im Erlbachtal bei Seelitz.jpg
Convallaria majalis , the type species of the Convallarioideae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Convallarioideae
Herb. [1]
Genera

See text

Convallarioideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l., but this family was merged into Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. Initially the name Nolinoideae was used, derived from the type genus Nolina . [2] This name was supposed to have been published by Burnett in 1935. However, this has been shown to be an error, as Burnett based a subfamily on the Solanaceae genus Nolana not Nolina. [3]

Contents

The subfamily includes genera that had been placed in a range of different families, including Ruscaceae s.s., Nolinaceae, Dracaenaceae, Convallariaceae and Eriospermaceae. Like many groups of lilioid monocots, the genera included here were once included in a wide interpretation of the family Liliaceae. [4]

Taxonomy

In the 2009 APG III system, the former family Ruscaceae was one of those sunk into a much broader family Asparagaceae. As a result, Chase and coauthors proposed a set of subfamilies for the Asparagaceae in 2009, including one they called Nolinoideae, supposedly published by Burnett in 1835 based on the genus Nolina . [2] Many authors have subsequently used this name. However, in 2023, it was pointed out that Burnett actually published a subfamily Nolanoideae within the family Solanaceae, based on the genus Nolana . [5] [6] [3] The earliest published and hence correct name for the subfamily thus becomes Convallarioideae, based on the genus Convallaria , [3] published by William Herbert in 1837, [1] a conclusion supported by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website as of August 2025. [7]

Genera

A possibly incomplete list of the genera included in the Convallarioideae (former Nolinoideae) is given below. The reference is to the source which places the genus in this subfamily. The genera included here have varied widely in their limits and assignment to families and subfamilies; some former family placements other than Convallarioideae (which will be found in the literature) are given below. [4] [8] [9]

GenusSourceFormer family placement(s) other than Ruscaceae s.l.
Aspidistra Ker Gawl.
(including AntherolophusGagnep., ColaniaGagnep.)		 [2] Convallariaceae
Beaucarnea Lem. [9] Dracaenaceae, Agavaceae
Comospermum Rauschert [2] Anthericaceae
Convallaria L. [2] Convallariaceae
Danae Medik. [2]
Dasylirion Zucc. [4] Dracaenaceae
Disporopsis Hance [9] Convallariaceae
Dracaena Vand. ex L. [2] Dracaenaceae, Agavaceae
Eriospermum Jacq. [2] Eriospermaceae
Heteropolygonatum M.N.Tamura & Ogisu [9] Convallariaceae
Liriope Lour. [4] Convallariaceae
Maianthemum F.H.Wigg.
(including OligobotryaBaker, SmilacinaDesf.)		 [2] Convallariaceae
Nolina Michx. [2] Dracaenaceae
Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. [2] Convallariaceae
Peliosanthes Andrews [2] Convallariaceae
Polygonatum Mill. [2] Convallariaceae
Reineckea Kunth [9] Convallariaceae
Rohdea Roth
(including GonioscyphaBaker)		 [9] Convallariaceae
Ruscus L. [2]
Sansevieria Thunb. [4] Dracaenaceae
Semele Kunth [2]
Speirantha Baker [2] Convallariaceae
Theropogon Maxim. [9] Convallariaceae
Tupistra Ker Gawl.
(including CampylandraBaker, TricalistraRidl.)		 [2] Convallariaceae

Genera formerly placed in this subfamily

Calibanus was a former genus that was placed in this subfamily when the APG III system was introduced. [2] [10] Both members of the genus have since been transferred to the genus Beaucarnea (also a member of the subfamily) after molecular phylogenetic research demonstrated a strong phylogenetic relationship with species of Beaucarnea. [11] [12]

References

  1. 1 2 "Convallarioideae Herb.". Tropicos . Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 2025-08-10.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009). "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 132–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x .
  3. 1 2 3 Tanaka, Noriyuki & Nguyen, Khang Sinh (2023). "Nolinoideae (Asparagaceae) in APG III needs replacing with Convallarioideae". Phytotaxa. 583 (3): 297–299. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.583.3.9.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Stevens, P.F. (2001–2011). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website" . Retrieved 2011-05-25.
  5. ↑ Burnett, Gilbert Thomas (1835). Outlines of Botany. London: John Churchill. OCLC   852811089 . Retrieved 2025-08-10. pp. 985, 1095, 1106.
  6. ↑ "Nolinoideae Burnett ex M.W. Chase, Reveal & M.F. Fay". Tropicos . Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 2025-08-10.
  7. ↑ Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "7. Convallarioideae Herbert". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  8. ↑ "Vascular Plant Families and Genera". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Query GRIN Taxonomy for Plants". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  10. ↑ Calibanus. Kew Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297730-2
  11. ↑ Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea (2014). Rojas-Piña, V., Olson, M.E., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O. & Eguiarte, L.E.. Taxon 63: 1193-1211. [Cited as Beaucarnea.]
  12. ↑ "Beaucarnea Lem. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
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