Corybas hatchii

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Corybas hatchii
Corybas hatchii front.jpg
Corybas hatchii near Point Elizabeth
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Corybas
Species:
C. hatchii
Binomial name
Corybas hatchii
Synonyms [1]
  • Corybas macranthus var. longipetalus Hatch
  • Corybas longipetalus(Hatch) Hatch
  • Corysanthes longipetala(Hatch) Szlach., nom. illeg.
  • Nematoceras longipetalum(Hatch) Molloy, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Corybas hatchii is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. [1] [2] It has a solitary rounded leaf, often flecked with maroon, and a single pale green and maroon flower with long, threadlike lateral sepals and petals. [2]

Contents

Description

Side view of Corybas hatchii showing rounded leaf and relative lengths of dorsal sepal and labellum Corybas hatchii side.jpg
Side view of Corybas hatchii showing rounded leaf and relative lengths of dorsal sepal and labellum

Corybas hatchii is a terrestrial, perennial, tuberous herb with a solitary fleshy rounded leaf born on a short petiole. The leaf base is either rounded or slightly cordate. Its upper surface is green and often flecked with maroon, while the lower surface is silvery. The leaf itself is 15–28 × 11–20 mm. [2]

C. hatchii bears a single flower that is held noticeably above the leaf. The peduncle is short but the ovary is oblong and slightly ridged; it is held straight or slightly away from the leaf. The ovary is accompanied by two slender green floral bracts of unequal lengths; the smaller one points towards the leaf and is extremely small, while the larger one is around the length of the ovary and points away from the leaf. [2]

The flower's dorsal sepal is approximately equal to the labellum in length and slender with a pointed tip, slightly arched downwards. It is translucent white to pale green and often flecked with deep crimson. The lateral sepals and petals are filiform (threadlike) and greatly exceed the labellum in length. They are pale cream and spotted with maroon. The labellum is auriculate (forming two lobes) at the base and strong downturned; its main portion, the lamina, is broad and rhomboidal with a sharp tip. Its upper margins are folded inwards, and its lower margins and flat and very finely toothed. The labellum is dark maroon at the base, while its lamina is translucent green or white, very often with crimson-maroon stripes that transition into flecks or spots near the borders. Flowering occurs from July to November. The peduncle elongates greatly as the capsule ripens. [2]

Corybas hatchii resembles several closely related species, such as Corybas papa, but it may be distinguished its petiolate rather than sessile leaf; its usually translucent to red, rather than green, flowers (although they can rarely be more greenish); its forward-pointing and parallel, rather than widely spreading, lateral sepals and petals; and its higher-altitude habitats and later flowering period. [2]

Taxonomy

Corybas hatchii was first described in 1947 by Edwin Daniel Hatch as Corybas macranthus var. longipetalus. Subsequently, in 1993, Hatch unsuccessfully attempted to raise the taxon to species status as Corybas longipetalus; he was unaware that the name had already been used in 1923 for a New Guinea species, Corybas longipetalus (Ridl.) Schltr. [3]

In 2002, Brian Molloy, David Jones, and Mark Clements transferred this taxon into the genus Nematoceras under the name Nematoceraslongipetalum. However, in 2014, a dissertation by Stephanie Lyon that analyzed DNA markers from Corybas species occurring from the Himalayas to New Zealand indicated that Nematoceras and other genera that Molloy, Jones, and Clements had split ought to be returned to Corybas . Although the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families and the New Zealand Department of Conservation recognized these merges, Nematoceras longipetalum and two other Nematoceras species remained unplaced because they had no combination under Corybas and thus could not be automatically transferred. Finally, in 2016, Carlos Lehnebach transferred the species to Corybas under its current name, Corybas hatchii, which was a novel binomial combination ( nomen novum ). [1] [2] [4] [3]

As of 2016, molecular analysis of the ITS region, a sequence of DNA widely used in molecular phylogeny to reconstruct evolutionary relationships between taxa, suggests that C. hatchii belongs to a clade of closely related species known as the C. rivularis complex. Members of this complex share a tapering dorsal sepal, filiform lateral sepals and petals, a prominent notch at the throat of the labellum tube, and fleshy leaves, as well as a preference for perennially wet habitats. Molecular evidence suggests that the C. rivularis complex consists of two sister clades, with C. hatchii most closely allied to C. iridescens , C. dienemus , and C. orbiculatus . Morphological evidence supports this conclusion; compared to the other clade comprising C. rivularis s.s. and C. papa , the former species tend to have a larger labellum with a less pronounced notch, as well as a petiolate rather than sessile leaf. [5]

Distribution and habitat

Corybas hatchii is endemic to New Zealand's North Island and South Island, primarily towards the west. [1] [2] It grows in lowland to subalpine habitats in damp seepages in base-rich substrates, such as calcareous mudstones, siltstones, limestones, basalt, basaltic andesites, and andesitic tephra. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Corybas</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

Corybas, commonly known as helmet orchids, is a genus of about 120 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Helmet orchids are small, perennial, deciduous herbs and are nearly always terrestrial. They have a single leaf at their base and a single flower on a short stalk, the flower dominated by its large dorsal sepal and labellum. Species of Corybas are found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, the Himalayas, southern China, many Pacific islands and a few sub-Antarctic islands.

<i>Corybas aconitiflorus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas aconitiflorus, commonly known as the cradle orchid or spurred helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to eastern Australia, occurring from south-east Queensland to Tasmania. The small flowers have a hooded appearance as the uppermost sepal hides most of the rest of the flower. It is the type species of the genus Corybas.

<i>Corybas acuminatus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas acuminatus, commonly known as the dancing spider orchid or helmet flower, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a triangular, sharply pointed leaf and a small translucent, greenish-white flower with purple markings and with very long sepals. It is found on both the main islands of New Zealand and also some of the off-shore islands.

<i>Corybas barbarae</i> Species of orchid

Corybas barbarae, commonly known as fairy lanterns, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to eastern Australia including Lord Howe Island. It has a single dark green or reddish green, heart-shaped leaf and a small sparkling white or pinkish flower with an inflated dorsal sepal obscuring its hairy labellum.

Corybas cerasinus, commonly known as the red helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to tropical north Queensland. It has a single bluish green, heart-shaped leaf and a cherry red to dark maroon flower with its curved dorsal sepal obscuring its labellum which has an upturned tip.

<i>Corybas cheesemanii</i> Species of orchid


Corybas cheesemanii, commonly known as Cheesemans spider orchid or spurred helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It is a small orchid with a single pale green, heart-shaped leaf and usually only a single flower variously coloured from maroon to completely white. It usually grows in deep shade, often in deep leaf litter and flowers in autumn and winter.

<i>Corybas confusus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas confusus, commonly known as the spider orchid is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a single heart-shaped leaf and a single dark green or light green flower with reddish maroon streaks and blotches and long, thread-like lateral sepals and petals. It grows in highland areas on both main islands.

<i>Corybas fimbriatus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas fimbriatus, commonly known as the fringed helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It has a broad egg-shaped to round leaf and a dark reddish purple to crimson flower with translucent patches. It is similar to C. hispidus but its labellum lacks a creamy-white centre and is not covered with bristly hairs.

Corybas limpidus, commonly known as the crystal helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to Western Australia. It has round or heart-shaped leaf and a translucent greenish flower with dark red or burgundy-coloured spots and blotches. The edges of the labellum have a few short, blunt teeth.

Corybas × miscellus, commonly known as the hybrid helmet orchid, is a hybrid species of terrestrial orchid endemic to South Australia and a very small area in far western Victoria. It has a heart-shaped to more or less round leaf and a single reddish purple flower with greyish translucent areas. It is a natural hybrid between C. diemenicus and C. incurvus and shares the characteristics of the parent species.

<i>Corybas unguiculatus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas unguiculatus, commonly known as the small helmet orchid or pelicans, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a widespread, sometimes common but small orchid with a single leaf and a single reddish purple to reddish black flower.

<i>Corybas vitreus</i> Species of plant

Corybas vitreus is a species of orchid endemic to New Zealand, and first described in 2016 by Carlos Adolfo Lehnebach.

<i>Corybas oblongus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas oblongus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a solitary oval-shaped leaf, often patterned with maroon, and a reddish-purple and white flower with a fimbriate labellum.

<i>Corybas obscurus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas obscurus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a solitary heart-shaped leaf and a deep crimson or nearly black flower and is part of the Corybas trilobus aggregate.

<i>Corybas trilobus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas trilobus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It is part of the C. trilobus aggregate, whose members are characterized by a funnel or dish-shaped labellum and an often heart or kidney-shaped solitary leaf.

<i>Corybas sanctigeorgianus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas sanctigeorgianus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It is part of the C. trilobus aggregate, whose members are characterized by a funnel or dish-shaped labellum and an often heart or kidney-shaped solitary leaf.

<i>Corybas hypogaeus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas hypogaeus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the New Zealand. It is part of the C. trilobus aggregate, whose members are characterized by a funnel or dish-shaped labellum and an often heart or kidney-shaped solitary leaf.

<i>Corybas iridescens</i> Species of orchid

Corybas iridescens is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the New Zealand. It has a solitary fleshy oval-shaped leaf and a single deep crimson flower, sometimes accompanied with green, with a tapering dorsal sepal.

<i>Corybas papillosus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas papillosus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the New Zealand. It has a solitary rounded leaf with a heart-shaped base and a single flower with a long, slender green dorsal sepal, as well as a crimson and white labellum.

<i>Corybas papa</i> Species of orchid

Corybas papa is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It has a solitary wedge-shaped leaf and single translucent green flower with a strongly deflexed labellum and slender, threadlike lateral sepals and petals.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Corybas hatchii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Corybas hatchii". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
  3. 1 2 Lehnebach, Carlos (2016). "New combinations and a replacement name for three New Zealand spider orchids (Corybas)" (PDF). The New Zealand Native Orchid Journal. 139: 4–5.
  4. ↑ "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Corybas hatchii". www.nzflora.info. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
  5. ↑ Coffin, Abraham John (2016). "A Taxonomic Review of Corybas rivularis (Orchidaceae) - Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Analyses" (PDF). The University of Waikato Research Commons– via The University of Waikato's Open Access Research Repository.
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