Costus

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Costus
Costus pulverulentus.jpg
Costus pulverulentus in Costa Rica
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Costaceae
Genus: Costus
L. [1]
Synonyms [1]

Costus is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Costaceae, erected by Linnaeus in 1753. [2] [3] It is widespread through tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. [1] [4] [5]

Contents

Costus is often characterized and distinguished from relatives such as Zingiber (true ginger) by its spiraling stems. The genus as a whole is thus often called spiral gingers, but this can also refer to C. barbatus specifically.[ citation needed ] It is important not to confuse Costus scaber, C. spectabilis etc. with the herb known by the common name "costus".

Costus spectabilis is the floral emblem of Nigeria; its flowers are represented (erroneously in red instead of yellow color) on its coat of arms. [6]

Costus productus and Costus guanaiensis are among the species of Costus with edible flowers. [7] [8] [9] Other Costus species' flowers have also been determined to be edible. [10] [11]

Some Costus species have traditional medicinal and veterinary uses. For example, in Trinidad and Tobago, a mix of Costus scaber juice and crushed Renealmia alpinia berries is used to treat dogs bitten by snakes. [12]

Costus naturally hybridizes, and commercial hybrids have also been produced. [13]

Species

As of June 2024, Plants of the World Online recognises 115 species, as follows: [1]

Formerly placed here

Numerous other species have been called Costus over the years, but are now regarded as members of other genera. Such genera include Alpinia , Amomum , Caulokaempferia , Cheilocostus , Chamaecostus , Dimerocostus , Hellenia , Paracostus , Renealmia , Tapeinochilos , etc. [14] [ failed verification ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zingiberaceae</span> Family of plants

Zingiberaceae or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Many of the family's species are important ornamental, spice, or medicinal plants. Ornamental genera include the shell gingers (Alpinia), Siam or summer tulip, Globba, ginger lily (Hedychium), Kaempferia, torch-ginger Etlingera elatior, Renealmia, and ginger (Zingiber). Spices include ginger (Zingiber), galangal or Thai ginger, melegueta pepper, myoga, korarima, turmeric (Curcuma), and cardamom.

<i>Alpinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Alpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, where they occur in tropical and subtropical climates. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants.

<i>Zingiber</i> Genus of flowering plants

Zingiber is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand, China, the Indian Subcontinent, and New Guinea. It contains the true gingers, plants grown the world over for their culinary value. The most well known species are Z. officinale and Z. mioga, two garden gingers.

<i>Amomum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Amomum is a genus of plants containing about 111 species native to China, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland. It includes several species of cardamom. Plants of this genus are remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Costaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Costaceae, known as the Costus family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera in Costaceae together contain about 143 known species. They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation.

Mapania is a genus of plants in the family Cyperaceae. It contains 100 species, distributed in tropical regions of Africa, India, southern China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Central America, northern South America, and various oceanic islands.

<i>Renealmia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Renealmia is a plant genus in the family Zingiberaceae. Its members are native to tropical Africa and tropical America. In Peru, fruits and tubers are sources of indigenous dyes. and indigenous medical treatments for leishmania and malaria In Colombia, it is used to treat snakebite. Bracts and leaves can serve as phytotelmata, retaining small quantities of water that offer habitat for other organisms.

<i>Salacia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Salacia is a genus of plants in the family Celastraceae. They are woody climbers naturally found in tropical regions.

<i>Costus osae</i> Species of flowering plant

Costus osae is a species of flowering plant in the family Costaceae. One of many rare tropical plants in the Costus family, Costus osae is a species native to Costa Rica described in 1997. It has also been reported from Colombia.

<i>Costus spicatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Costus spicatus, also known as spiked spiralflag ginger or Indian head ginger, is a species of herbaceous plant in the Costaceae family.

<i>Phrynium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Phrynium is a genus of flowering plants native to China, India, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Melanesia. It was described as a genus in 1797.

<i>Tapeinochilos</i> Genus of plants

Tapeinochilos is a group of plants in the Costaceae described as a genus in 1869. It is native to Queensland, Papuasia, and the Indonesian Province of Maluku. Centered in Papua New Guinea, only three of the approximately 16 species occur outside of the country.

Costus curvibracteatus is a tropical rhizomatous perennial native to Costa Rica and Panama.

<i>Costus malortieanus</i> Species of flowering plant

Costus malortieanus, known as Stepladder Plant, Spiral Ginger, or Spiral Flag, is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Costaceae. It is native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. Costus malortieanus is often cultivated as an ornamental plant.

<i>Costus dubius</i> Species of plant

Costus dubius is a species of plant native to Tropical Africa.

<i>Costus lucanusianus</i> Species of plant

Costus lucanusianus is a species of plant native to Africa. It is widely distributed across North East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, and Southern Tropical Africa.

<i>Costus comosus</i> Species of plant

Costus comosus, known as red tower ginger, is a species of plant native to South Mexico to Ecuador.

<i>Costus afer</i> Species of plant

Costus afer, English ginger lily or common ginger lily, is a species of plant native to Tropical Africa.

Costus scaber is a species of plant in the Costaceae family. Its native range is Mexico to Tropical America.

<i>Costus productus</i> Species of plant

Costus productus, known as orange tulip ginger, dwarf orange ginger, or green mountain spiral flag, is a species of plant in the Costaceae family. Costus productus is native to South Colombia and Peru.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Costus L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  2. Linnaeus, Carl von (1753). Species plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 2. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.669.
  3. "Costus L." Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  4. "Costus L." Flora of China (eFloras). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  5. Specht, Chelsea D.; Stevenson, Dennis Wm (2006). "A New Phylogeny-Based Generic Classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales)". Taxon. 55 (1): 153–163. doi:10.2307/25065537. JSTOR   25065537.
  6. "The National Flower of Nigeria: Costus Spectabilis". Nigerian Embassy in Tel-Aviv, Israel. 28 April 2019. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  7. "Costus productus". Flora & Fauna Web. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  8. "Costus productus". Tropical Plant Database - Plant Details. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  9. Fern, Ken. "Costus guanaiensis". Useful Tropical Plants Database. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  10. King, Arno. "Edible Flowers" (PDF). Subtropical Gardening. 11: 82–83.
  11. Carle, Alan (1995). "Costus flowers - a new delicacy?" (PDF). Heliconia Society International Bulletin. 7 (4).
  12. Lans, Cheryl; Harper, Tisha; Georges, Karla; Bridgewater, Elmo (2001). "Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1 (10). doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-1-10 . PMC   60997 . PMID   11737880.
  13. Skinner, Dave (2016). "Ornamental Costus" (PDF). CAMPINAS-SP. 22 (3): 307–317.
  14. "Costus L., Sp. Pl.: 2 (1753)". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019.