Creature from the Black Lagoon

Last updated

Creature from the Black Lagoon
Creature from the Black Lagoon poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
by Reynold Brown
Directed by Jack Arnold
Screenplay by
Story by Maurice Zimm
Produced by William Alland
Starring
CinematographyWilliam E. Snyder
Edited by Ted J. Kent
Music by
Production
company
Distributed byUniversal-International
Release dates
  • February 12, 1954 (1954-02-12)
(premiere) [1]
  • March 5, 1954 (1954-03-05)
(et al., regional openings)
Running time
79 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Box office$1,300,000 [2]

Creature from the Black Lagoon is a 1954 American black-and-white 3D monster horror film produced by William Alland and directed by Jack Arnold, from a screenplay by Harry Essex and Arthur Ross and a story by Maurice Zimm. It stars Richard Carlson, Julia Adams, Richard Denning, Antonio Moreno, Nestor Paiva, and Whit Bissell. The film's plot follows a group of scientists who encounter a piscine amphibious humanoid in the waters of the Amazon; the Creature, also known as the Gill-man, was played by Ben Chapman on land and by Ricou Browning underwater. Produced and distributed by Universal-International, Creature from the Black Lagoon premiered in Detroit on February 12, 1954, and was released on a regional basis, opening on various dates.

Contents

Creature from the Black Lagoon was filmed in three dimensions (3D) and originally projected by the polarized light method. The audience wore viewers with gray polarizing filters, similar to the viewers most commonly used today. Because the brief 1950s 3D film fad had peaked in mid-1953 and was fading fast in early 1954, many audiences actually saw the film "flat", in two dimensions (2D). Typically, the film was shown in 3D in large downtown theaters and flat in smaller neighborhood theaters. In 1975, Creature from the Black Lagoon was released to theaters in the red-and-blue-glasses anaglyph 3D format, which was also used for a 1980 home video release on Beta and VHS videocassettes. [1]

Plot

Autographed Julie Adams still, featuring the Creature menacing Kay Famous Actress Who Later Portrayed an FDA Chemist (FDA 124) (8205683361).jpg
Autographed Julie Adams still, featuring the Creature menacing Kay

A geology expedition in the Amazon uncovers fossilized evidence (a skeletal hand with webbed fingers) from the Devonian period that provides a direct link between land and sea animals. Expedition leader Dr. Carl Maia orders his two assistants to stay in camp while he visits the marine biology institute.

Carl reunites with his friend and former student, ichthyologist Dr. David Reed. David works at an aquarium in California, but more recently, he has been a guest at Carl's institute in Brazil to study lungfish. David persuades his boss, the financially minded Dr. Mark Williams, to fund a return expedition to the Amazon to look for the remainder of the skeleton.

Soon after Carl leaves camp, a piscine amphibious humanoid, a living member of the same species from which the fossil originated, becomes curious about the expedition's camp. When its sudden appearance frightens the assistants, they panic and attack, and in response, the enraged Creature kills them both.

The group goes aboard the tramp steamer Rita, captained by crusty Lucas. The expedition consists of David, Carl, Mark, David's girlfriend and colleague Kay Lawrence, and another scientist, Dr. Edwin Thompson. When they arrive at the camp, they discover Carl's assistants have been killed while he was away. Lucas suggests it was likely done by a jaguar, but the others are unsure.

A further excavation of the area where Carl found the fossil turns up nothing. Mark is ready to give up the search, but David suggests that perhaps thousands of years ago, the part of the embankment containing the rest of the skeleton fell into the water and was washed downriver, broken up by the current. Carl says the tributary empties into a lagoon. Lucas calls it the "Black Lagoon", a paradise from which no one has ever returned. The scientists decide to risk it, unaware that the Creature - the amphibious "Gill-man" - that killed Carl's assistants has been watching them.

Taking notice of the beautiful Kay, the Creature follows the Rita all the way downriver to the Black Lagoon. Once the expedition arrives, David and Mark go diving to collect rock samples from the lagoon floor. After they return, Kay goes swimming and is stalked underwater by the Creature, who then gets briefly caught in one of the ship's drag lines. Although it escapes, the Creature leaves a claw behind in the net, revealing its existence.

After subsequent encounters with the Creature claim the lives of Lucas's crew members, it attacks Kay and attempts to abduct her, but it is captured and locked in a cage aboard the Rita. During the night, it escapes and attacks Edwin, who was guarding it. Edwin smashes the Creature with a lantern, driving it off, but he is severely injured. Following this incident, David decides they should return to civilization. Mark, who is obsessed with capturing (or killing) the Creature, objects. As the Rita tries to leave, they find the Creature has blocked the lagoon's entrance with fallen logs. While the others attempt to remove the logs, Mark is mauled to death while trying to capture the Creature single-handed underwater. The Creature then climbs aboard the Rita and approaches Kay from behind. She screams as the Creature grabs her, taking her away to its cavern lair. David, Lucas, and Carl pursue them, rescuing Kay and riddling the Creature with bullets. It retreats to the lagoon, where its body sinks into the watery depths.

Cast

Ricou Browning played the "Gill-man" in the underwater scenes of Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Revenge of the Creature (1955), and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956). Ricou Browning in his movie costume at Wakulla Springs (15055100304).jpg
Ricou Browning played the "Gill-man" in the underwater scenes of Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Revenge of the Creature (1955), and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956).

Production

Producer William Alland was attending a 1941 dinner party during the filming of Citizen Kane (in which he played the reporter Thompson) when Mexican cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa told him about the myth of a race of half-fish, half-human creatures in the Amazon River. Alland wrote story notes titled "The Sea Monster" 10 years later, using Beauty and the Beast as inspiration. In December 1952, Maurice Zimm expanded this into a treatment, which Harry Essex and Arthur Ross rewrote as The Black Lagoon. Following the success of the 3D film House of Wax in 1953, Jack Arnold was hired to direct the film in the same format. [3]

The designer of the approved Gill-man was Disney animator Milicent Patrick, though her role was deliberately downplayed by make-up artist Bud Westmore, who for half a century received sole credit for the creature's conception. [4] Jack Kevan, who worked on The Wizard of Oz (1939) and made prosthetics for amputees during World War II, created the bodysuit, while Chris Mueller Jr. sculpted the head. [5]

Ben Chapman portrayed the Gill-man for the majority of the scenes shot at Universal City, California. The on-water scenes were filmed at Park Lake on the Universal back lot. The costume made sitting impossible for Chapman for the 14 hours of each day that he wore it, and it overheated easily. Due to these difficulties, Chapman often stayed in the studio's back-lot lake, frequently requesting to be hosed down. He also could not see very well while wearing the headpiece, which caused him to scrape Julie Adams' head against the wall when carrying her in the grotto scenes.

Ricou Browning played the Gill-man in the underwater shots, which were filmed by the second unit in Wakulla Springs, Florida. [3] While filming underwater, Browning reportedly held his breath for up to four minutes at a time. [6] [7] In a 2013 interview, Browning clarified: "If you're not doing anything at all, four minutes is possible, but not if you're moving in the water. If you're swimming fast or fighting, you use up a lot of oxygen, and it cuts it down to, at the most, two minutes". [6]

Reception and analysis

Leonard Maltin awarded the film three out of four stars, writing: "Archetypal '50s monster movie has been copied so often that some of the edge is gone, but ... is still entertaining, with juicy atmosphere and luminous underwater photography sequences". [8] Film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 80%, based on 44 reviews, with an overall rating average of 7.10/10. The consensus calls it "a solid, atmospheric creature feature that entertains without attempting to be deeper than it needs". [9] The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

Psychoanalyst Barbara Creed provided a feminist reading of classical movie monsters like the Creature or the Phantom of the Opera, arguing that despite their superficially masculine characterizations, their antagonization of a powerful male hero instead positions them as opponents of the patriarchal social order, thus imbuing them with feminine traits and creating a sympathetic connection between them and the women they victimize. [12]

Sequels and remakes

Sequels

Creature from the Black Lagoon spawned two sequels: Revenge of the Creature (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), filmed in 2D. A comedic appearance with Abbott and Costello on an episode of The Colgate Comedy Hour aired prior to the first film's release. [13] The appearance is commonly known as Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon.

Cancelled remakes

Advertisement from 1954 Del Mar Theatre Ad - 31 March 1954, Santa Cruz, CA.jpg
Advertisement from 1954

In 1982, John Landis wanted Jack Arnold to direct a remake of the film, and Nigel Kneale was commissioned to write the screenplay. Kneale completed the script, which involved a pair of creatures, one destructive and the other calm and sensitive, being persecuted by the United States Navy. [14] A decision to make the film in 3D led to the remake being canceled by producers at Universal, both for budgetary concerns and to avoid a clash with Jaws 3-D . [14]

In 1992, John Carpenter was developing the remake at Universal. [15] He originally hired Bill Phillips to write the script, while Rick Baker was hired to create the 3D model of the Creature, but the project never got the green light. Herschel Weingrod and Timothy Harris wrote a new script, [16] and Universal offered Peter Jackson the director's chair in 1995, but he chose to work instead on King Kong . [17]

In February 1996, Ivan Reitman was planning to direct the remake, but it never materialized. [16] With the financial success of The Mummy remake in May 1999, the development of the Creature from the Black Lagoon remake was revived. [18] In December 2001, Gary Ross signed on to write and produce the remake with his father, Arthur A. Ross, one of the original's writers. He told The Hollywood Reporter : "The story my father wrote embodies the clash between primitive men and civilized men, and that obviously makes it a fertile area for re-examination". [19]

In August 2002, Guillermo del Toro, a fan of the original feature, was attached to direct a remake. [20] He had hoped to do a story focused more on the Creature's viewpoint while also letting him have a successful romantic liaison. He later went on to turn this idea into the 2017 film The Shape of Water after Universal rejected the concept. [21] Because of these creative clashes and his commitments to many other projects, Universal dropped del Toro and hired Tedi Sarafian (credited on Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines ) to write a script in March 2003. [22]

In October 2005, Breck Eisner signed on as director. He said to be a fan of the film: "As a kid, I remember loving Jack Arnold's original version of this film. What I really want to do is update an iconic image from the '50s and bring in more of the sci-fi sensibility of Alien or John Carpenter's The Thing (1982)". [23] Ross said in March 2007 the Gill-man's origin would be reinvented, with him being the result of a pharmaceutical corporation polluting the Amazon. [24]

However, the production was delayed by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike; as a result, Eisner instead made The Crazies (2010), the number-one project on his priority list. His new goal was to finish The Crazies and then begin filming Creature from the Black Lagoon in Manaus, Brazil, and on the Amazon River in Peru. Eisner was inspired to shoot on location by the film Fitzcarraldo , and the boat set had been built. Eisner continued to rewrite the script, which was to be a summer blockbuster full of "action and excitement, but [still] scary". Eisner spent six months designing the new incarnation of the Gill-man with Mark McCreery ( Jurassic Park , and Davy Jones' designer). The director said the new design was "very faithful to the original, but updated" and that the Gill-man would still remain sympathetic. [25] In 2009, it was reported that Carl Erik Rinsch might direct a remake that would be produced by Marc Abraham, Eric Newman, and Gary Ross; [26] [27] however, a project featuring the ensemble had been abandoned by 2011.

In March 2012, Universal announced that a remake was in production and would simply be titled The Black Lagoon rather than Creature from the Black Lagoon to distinguish between the two versions. In October, the studio hired Dave Kajganich to write the film. [28] The film was expected to hit theaters by May 2014 but was ultimately canceled. In 2020, Universal was considering Scarlett Johansson and Chris Evans for a remake. [29]

Reboot

Universal Pictures, beginning as early as 2014, began developing a shared universe of rebooted modern-day versions of their classic Universal Monsters, with the studio having various films in different stages of development. The series began with The Mummy (2017) and was intended to be followed by the remake of Bride of Frankenstein in 2019 prior to the critical and commercial failure of The Mummy. The Creature from the Black Lagoon was a remake also intended to be developed within the reboot with a story written by Jeff Pinkner and a script written by Will Beall. In June, Kurtzman revealed that the Gill-man in this film would be from the Amazon, [30] but on November 8, Alex Kurtzman and Chris Morgan moved on to other projects, leaving the future of the Dark Universe even further in doubt. [31] In January 2019, the Dark Universe film series was officially scrapped. [32]

In August 2024, it was announced that James Wan was in talks to direct a remake of Creature from the Black Lagoon. [33] Sean Tretta was reported to be set to write the screenplay based on a treatment by Wan, Rafael Jordan, and Bryan Coyne. [34]

Legacy

The 2017 film The Shape of Water was partly inspired by Guillermo del Toro's childhood memories of Creature from the Black Lagoon; he wished to see the Gill-man and the film's co-star succeed in their "romance". [35]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ricou Browning</span> American stuntman and filmmaker (1930–2023)

Ricou Ren Browning was an American stunt performer, filmmaker and actor. A skilled swimmer, he was known for his innovative underwater stunt work, notably in the 1954 film Creature from the Black Lagoon, in which he portrayed the titular Gill-man during the film's underwater scenes, and in the 1965 James Bond film Thunderball, for which he was the underwater sequences director. He was also the co-creator of the Flipper media franchise.

<i>Frankenstein</i> (1931 film) 1931 film by James Whale

Frankenstein is a 1931 American gothic pre-Code science fiction horror film directed by James Whale, produced by Carl Laemmle Jr., and adapted from a 1927 play by Peggy Webling, which in turn was based on Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. The Webling play was adapted by John L. Balderston and the screenplay written by Francis Edward Faragoh and Garrett Fort, with uncredited contributions from Robert Florey and John Russell.

<i>The Wolf Man</i> (1941 film) American horror film

The Wolf Man is a 1941 American gothic horror film written by Curt Siodmak and produced and directed by George Waggner. The film stars Lon Chaney Jr. in the title role. Claude Rains, Warren William, Ralph Bellamy, Patric Knowles, Bela Lugosi, Evelyn Ankers, and Maria Ouspenskaya star in supporting roles. The title character has had a great deal of influence on Hollywood's depictions of the legend of the werewolf. The film is the second Universal Pictures werewolf film, preceded six years earlier by the less commercially successful Werewolf of London (1935). This film is one of the Universal Monsters movies, and garnered great acclaim for its production.

<i>The Monster Squad</i> 1987 film directed by Fred Dekker

The Monster Squad is a 1987 American horror comedy film directed by Fred Dekker, and written by Dekker and Shane Black. Peter Hyams and Rob Cohen served as executive producers. It was released by TriStar Pictures on August 14, 1987. The film features pastiches of the Universal Monsters, led by Count Dracula. They are confronted by a group of savvy children out to keep them from controlling the world. Although it was financially unsuccessful during its theatrical run and received mixed reviews from critics, the film has gained a positive reception from audiences and has become a cult classic in the years since its release.

<i>Monster Force</i> Television series

Monster Force is a 13-episode animated television series created in April 9, 1994 by Universal Cartoon Studios and Canadian studio Lacewood Productions. The story is set in approximately 2020 and centers on a group of teenagers who, with help of high tech weaponry, fight off against classic Universal Monsters and spiritual beings threatening humanity. Some of the crew have personal vendettas, while others fight for mankind out of a sense of altruism. The series aired in syndication alongside another Universal animated series, Exosquad. Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the first seven episodes to DVD on September 15, 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julie Adams</span> American actress (1926–2019)

Julie Adams was an American actress, billed as Julia Adams in her early career, primarily known for her numerous television guest roles. She starred in a number of films in the 1950s, including Bend of the River (1952), opposite James Stewart; and Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954). On television, she was known for her roles as Paula Denning on the 1980s soap opera Capitol, and Eve Simpson on Murder, She Wrote.

<i>Piranha</i> (1978 film) 1978 film by Joe Dante

Piranha is a 1978 American horror film directed and co-edited by Joe Dante from a screenplay by John Sayles, based on a story by Richard Robinson and Sayles. The film stars Bradford Dillman, Heather Menzies, Kevin McCarthy, Keenan Wynn, Barbara Steele, and Dick Miller. It tells the story of a river being infested by lethal, genetically altered piranha, threatening the lives of the local inhabitants and the visitors to a nearby summer resort.

<i>Revenge of the Creature</i> 1955 American monster film by Jack Arnold

Revenge of the Creature is a 1955 3D monster film directed by Jack Arnold and produced and distributed by Universal-International. A sequel to the previous year's Creature from the Black Lagoon, it is the only 3D film released in 1955. Produced by William Alland, the film stars John Agar, Lori Nelson, John Bromfield and Nestor Paiva. The Creature was played by Tom Hennesy on land, and once again, portrayed by Ricou Browning underwater. It marked an early role for Clint Eastwood, in his film debut.

<i>The Creature Walks Among Us</i> 1956 film by John Sherwood

The Creature Walks Among Us is a 1956 American monster horror film and the third installment of the Creature from the Black Lagoon series from Universal Pictures, following the previous year's Revenge of the Creature. The film is directed by John Sherwood, the long-time Universal-International assistant director, in his directorial debut. His role as director was partly facilitated by Jack Arnold, who had directed the first two films in the series, who recommended Sherwood to Universal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Universal Monsters</span> Horror and science fiction franchise made by Universal Studios (1910s–1950s)

The Universal Monsters media franchise includes characters based on a series of horror films produced by Universal Pictures and released between 1913–1956.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Alland</span> American actor, producer, writer, and director

William Alland was an American actor, film producer and writer, mainly of Western and science-fiction/monster films, including This Island Earth, It Came From Outer Space, Tarantula!, The Deadly Mantis, The Mole People, The Colossus of New York, The Space Children, and the three Creature from the Black Lagoon films. He worked frequently with director Jack Arnold. Alland is also remembered for his acting role as reporter Thompson, who investigates the meaning of "Rosebud" in Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941).

The Monster of Piedras Blancas is a 1959 American horror monster film. It was produced by Jack Kevan, directed by Irvin Berwick, and stars Jeanne Carmen, Les Tremayne, John Harmon, Don Sullivan, Forrest Lewis, and Pete Dunn. The film was released by Filmservice Distributors Corporation as a double feature with Okefenokee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gill-man</span> Fictional character

The Gill-man—commonly called the Creature—is the main antagonist of the 1954 black-and-white science fiction film Creature from the Black Lagoon and its two sequels Revenge of the Creature (1955) and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ben Chapman (actor)</span> American actor

Benjamin F. Chapman Jr. was an American actor best known as playing the Gill-man on land in the 1954 horror film Creature from the Black Lagoon.

<i>Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Musical</i> Defunct live performance show

Creature From the Black Lagoon: The Musical was a live performance show formerly located at the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park in Los Angeles, California. It debuted on July 1, 2009, replacing Fear Factor Live. On March 9, 2010, this show was officially closed. The musical at Universal Studios Hollywood was loosely based on the basic plot of the 1954 Universal film.

The extensive and persistent impact on media and popular culture of Creature from the Black Lagoon began even before it was seen in theaters. To publicize the release of the film in 1954, Ben Chapman, in costume, introduced the Gill-Man to the public on live television in The Colgate Comedy Hour with Abbott and Costello.

<i>The Shape of Water</i> 2017 film by Guillermo del Toro

The Shape of Water is a 2017 romantic fantasy film directed and produced by Guillermo del Toro, who co-wrote the screenplay with Vanessa Taylor. It stars Sally Hawkins, Michael Shannon, Richard Jenkins, Doug Jones, Michael Stuhlbarg, and Octavia Spencer. Set in 1962 Baltimore, Maryland, the film follows a mute cleaner at a high-security government laboratory who falls in love with a captured humanoid amphibian creature and decides to help him escape from death at the hands of an evil colonel. Filming took place on location in Ontario, Canada, from August to November 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milicent Patrick</span> American special effects designer and animator (1915–1998)

Milicent Patrick was an American actress, makeup designer, special effects artist, and animator.

Frankenstein is a British horror-adventure film series produced by Hammer Film Productions. The films, loosely based on the 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley, are centered on Baron Victor Frankenstein, who experiments in creating a creature beyond human. The series is part of the larger Hammer horror oeuvre.

The Wolf Man is the title of several horror film series centered on Larry Talbot, a man who upon being bitten by a werewolf becomes one himself, and his subsequent attempts to cure himself of his murderous condition. The franchise was created by Curt Siodmak.

References

  1. 1 2 Furmanek, Bob and Greg Kintz. "An in-depth look at 'Creature from the Black Lagoon'". Archived April 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine 3dfilmarchive.com, 2012. Retrieved: November 19, 2013.
  2. ↑ "1954 Box Office Champs". Variety Weekly. January 5, 1955. p. 59. - figures are rentals in the US and Canada
  3. 1 2 Vieira 2003, pp. 141–143.
  4. ↑ Ferrari 2003, p. 287.
  5. ↑ Skal, David J. (Director) (2000). Back to the Black Lagoon (DVD). Universal Studios.
  6. 1 2 Rizzo, Marian (July 18, 2013). "A Silver Springs story: Ricou Browning was the Creature". Star–Banner . Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  7. ↑ McBrayer, Mary Kay (November 19, 2021). "The Immortal Creature: Ricou Browning". Fangoria . Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  8. ↑ Maltin, Leonard (2013). Leonard Maltin's 2014 Movie Guide . Penguin Press. p.  298. ISBN   9780451418104.
  9. ↑ "Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes.com. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  10. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  11. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  12. ↑ Barbara Creed. The Monstrous-Feminine: Film, Feminism, and Psychoanalysis, Routledge, 1993
  13. ↑ The Colgate Comedy Hour, ep #4.21, Feb. 21, 1954 at IMDb
  14. 1 2 Murray 2005, pp. 154–156.
  15. ↑ Archerd, Army "Olympics to cross finish line in style". Variety , July 19, 1992.
  16. 1 2 Archerd, Army. "Hiller relieved that noms weren't leaked". Variety, February 12, 1996.
  17. ↑ "Recreating the Eighth Wonder". King Kong (3-disc Deluxe Extended Edition DVD), 2006.
  18. ↑ Fleming. Michael. "Kornberg reups at U." Variety, May 20, 1999.
  19. ↑ Linder, Brian (December 13, 2001). "Back to the Black Lagoon". IGN . Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  20. ↑ Linder, Brian (August 7, 2002). "Del Toro to Uni's Creature Redo". IGN . Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  21. ↑ "Del Toro Talks Black Lagoon Influence On "Shape" - Dark Horizons". darkhorizons.com. November 5, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  22. ↑ Linder, Brian (March 11, 2003). "T3 Scribe Penning Creature". IGN . Archived from the original on August 18, 2012.
  23. ↑ Snyder, Gabriel. "U's 'Creature' meets maker". Variety, October 19, 2005.
  24. ↑ Cieply, Michael. "On screens soon, abused Earth gets its revenge". The New York Times, March 12, 2007.
  25. ↑ Rotten, Ryan. "Exclusive: Eisner on Creature from the Black Lagoon Remake". Shock Till You Drop, May 2, 2008.
  26. ↑ Fleming, Mike (December 14, 2009). "Creature to Feature Rinsch?". Variety . Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.
  27. ↑ "'Creature from the Black Lagoon' Taps New Director for Revival". bloody-disgusting.com. Retrieved: March 23, 2015.
  28. ↑ Kit, Borys. "'Creature From the Black Lagoon' nabs a writer (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter, October 12, 2012. Retrieved: March 23, 2015.
  29. ↑ Rivera, D.J. "Chris Evans Reportedly Eyed For Creature From The Black Lagoon Remake". We Got This Covered.
  30. ↑ "Where The Creature From The Black Lagoon Monster Comes From In Universal's Dark Universe". Cinema Blend. June 6, 2017.
  31. ↑ Kit, Borys; Couch, Aaron (November 8, 2017). "Universal's "Monsterverse" in Peril as Top Producers Exit (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  32. ↑ Kroll, Justin (January 25, 2019). "'Invisible Man' Finds Director, Sets New Course for Universal's Monster Legacy (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  33. ↑ Kit, Borys (August 12, 2024). "James Wan in Talks to Direct 'Creature From the Black Lagoon' Remake". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  34. ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 30, 2024). "Atomic Monster & Universal's 'The Creature From The Black Lagoon' Sets Sean Tretta To Write". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  35. ↑ "The Iconic Horror Movie Scene That Inspired 'The Shape of Water' – Bloody Disgusting". bloody-disgusting.com. September 6, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.