Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae, a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Earth except glaciers. The world's richest diversity of orchid genera and species is found in the tropics.
The Pleurothallidinae are a neotropical subtribe of plants of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) including 29 genera in more than 4000 species.
Cypripedioideae is a subfamily of orchids commonly known as lady's slipper orchids, lady slipper orchids or slipper orchids. Cypripedioideae includes the genera Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium and Selenipedium. They are characterised by the slipper-shaped pouches of the flowers – the pouch traps insects so they are forced to climb up past the staminode, behind which they collect or deposit pollinia, thus fertilizing the flower. There are approximately 165 species in the subfamily.
Epidendroideae is a subfamily of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Epidendroideae is larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together, comprising more than 15,000 species in 576 genera. Most epidendroid orchids are tropical epiphytes, typically with pseudobulbs. There are, however, some terrestrials such as Epipactis and even a few myco-heterotrophs, which are parasitic upon mycorrhizal fungi.
Apostasia, commonly known as grass orchids, is a genus of eight species of primitive orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial, evergreen, grass-like plants, barely recognisable as orchids and are distributed in humid areas of the Himalayan region, China, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland. They have many narrow leaves and small yellow or white, non-resupinate, star-like flowers usually arranged on a branched flowering stem.
Neuwiedia is a genus of primitive terrestrial orchids, comprising 9 species native to China, Southeast Asia and certain Pacific Islands.
Neofinetia was a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, that is now regarded as a synonym of Vanda. It contained three species and was distributed in China, Korea, and Japan.
The Vandeae is a large monophyletic tribe within the family of orchids.
Changnienia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Only one species is known, Changnienia amoena, native to China.
Chrysoglossum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Its 4 species are native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, southeast Asia, New Guinea and some islands of the western Pacific.
- Chrysoglossum assamicumHook.f.. - Guangxi, Tibet, Assam, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chrysoglossum ensigerumW.Burgh & de Vogel - Sumatra
- Chrysoglossum ornatumBlume - India, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Philippines, New Guinea, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu, China
- Chrysoglossum reticulatumCarr - Sabah, Sarawak
Cryptochilus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Its species are native to China, the Himalayas, and Indochina.
Didymoplexiella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 8 known species native to Southeast Asia, with a few species extending northwards into Japan and southern China. These are mycoheterotropic plants lacking chlorophyll, obtaining nutrients from fungi in the soil.
- Didymoplexiella borneensis(Schltr.) Garay - Sarawak
- Didymoplexiella cinnabarinaTsukaya, M.Nakajima & H.Okada - Kalimantan
- Didymoplexiella denticulataAver. - Laos, Vietnam
- Didymoplexiella forcipata(J.J.Sm.) Garay - Kalimantan
- Didymoplexiella kinabaluensis(Carr) Seidenf. - Sabah
- Didymoplexiella ornata(Ridl.) Garay - Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Didymoplexiella siamensis(Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf. - Hainan, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Thailand, Vietnam
- Didymoplexiella trichechus(J.J.Sm.) Garay - Sumatra, Bangka
Diplomeris is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to China, the Indian subcontinent, and southeast Asia. Three species are currently recognized :
Herpysma is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, Herpysma longicaulis, native to Southeast Asia.
Ischnogyne is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, Ischnogyne mandarinorum, native to China.
Otochilus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 5 known species, native to China, the Himalayas and Southeast Asia.
- Otochilus albusLindl. - Tibet, Assam, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
- Otochilus fuscusLindl. - Yunnan, Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Indochina
- Otochilus lancilabiusSeidenf. - Tibet, Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, Vietnam
- Otochilus porrectusLindl. - Yunnan, Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Indochina
- Otochilus pseudoporrectusSeidenf. ex Aver. - Vietnam
Risleya is a monotypic genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. The sole species is Risleya atropurpurea. It is native to the Himalayas of Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, India, Sikkim, Assam and Myanmar. It was previously included in the subtribe Malaxidinae but is now placed in the tribe Collabieae.
Sarcophyton is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has three known species, native to Taiwan and the Philippines:
Dendrobieae is a tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae, in the family Orchidaceae. The Dendrobieae are mostly tropical, epiphytic orchids which contain pseudobulbs.
Pogonia is a genus of orchids belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae.
