List of Orchidaceae genera

Last updated

This is a list of genera in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), originally according to The Families of Flowering Plants - L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz. This list is adapted regularly with the changes published in the Orchid Research Newsletter which is published twice a year by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The most up to date list of accepted genera, natural nothogenera, species and natural nothospecies with their synonyms can be found on the World Checklist of Selected Plants Families Search Page and Plants of the World Online published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This list is reflected on Wikispecies Orchidaceae and the new eMonocot website Orchidaceae Juss.

Contents

This taxonomy undergoes constant change, mainly through evidence from DNA study. Orchids were traditionally defined by morphological similarity (structure of their flowers and other parts). However, recent changes to nomenclature have been driven primarily by DNA studies and also by re-examination of herbarium specimens. This has led to a reduction of genera and species as well as re-circumscription of subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Orchid taxonomy is still being revised and each year about another 150 new species are being discovered. The list of genera alone currently stands just short of 1000 entries.

From a cladistic point of view, the orchid family is considered to be monophyletic, i.e. the group incorporates all the taxa derived from an ancestral group.

The taxonomy of the orchids is explained on the page Taxonomy of the orchid family.

Subfamilies

There are five recognized subfamilies: [1]

Genera

As of July 2024, Plants of the World Online accepts 703 genera. [3]

A

Aerides lawrenciae Aerides-lawrenciae.jpg
Aerides lawrenciae
Ancistrochilus rothschildianus Ancistrochilus.jpg
Ancistrochilus rothschildianus
Ansellia africana Ansellia gigantea nilotica.jpg
Ansellia africana
Ascocentrum miniatum Ascocentrum-miniatum.jpg
Ascocentrum miniatum

B

Barkeria spectabilis Barkeria spectabilis.jpg
Barkeria spectabilis
Barkeria shoemakeri Barkeria-skinneri.jpg
Barkeria shoemakeri
Brassia girouldiana Brassia-girouldiana.jpg
Brassia girouldiana
Brassia maculata Brassia-maculata.jpg
Brassia maculata

C

Calanthe triplicata Calanthe-triplicata.jpg
Calanthe triplicata
Chysis bractescens Chysis-bractescens.jpg
Chysis bractescens
Chloraea crispa Chloraea crispa.jpg
Chloraea crispa
Cochleanthes amazonica Cochleanthes-amazonica.jpg
Cochleanthes amazonica
Coelogyne cristata Coelogyne-cristata.jpg
Coelogyne cristata
Coelogyne tomentosa Coelogyne-tomentosa.jpg
Coelogyne tomentosa
Coelogyne speciosa Coelogyne-speciosa.jpg
Coelogyne speciosa
Comparettia macroplectrum Comparettia-macroplectrum.jpg
Comparettia macroplectrum
Comparettia speciosa Comparettia-speciosa.jpg
Comparettia speciosa
Cycnoches peruviana Cycnoches-peruviana.jpg
Cycnoches peruviana
Cymbidiella pardalina Cymbidiella-pardalina.jpg
Cymbidiella pardalina
Cypripedium acaule Cypripedium acaule.jpg
Cypripedium acaule

D

E

Epidendrum radicans Epidendrum radicans.jpg
Epidendrum radicans
Eria stricta Eria-stricta.jpg
Eria stricta
Vanda sanderiana (syn. Euanthe sanderiana) Euanthe sanderiana.jpg
Vanda sanderiana (syn. Euanthe sanderiana)

F

G

Gastrochilus japonicus Gastrochilus somae flowers.jpg
Gastrochilus japonicus
Gomesa crispa Gomesa-crispa.jpg
Gomesa crispa
Gomesa recurva Gomesa-recurva.jpg
Gomesa recurva

H

Haraella retrocalla Haraella-retrocalla.jpg
Haraella retrocalla

I

J

K

L

Leptotes bicolor Leptotes-bicolor.jpg
Leptotes bicolor
Ludisia discolor Ludisia-discolor.jpg
Ludisia discolor
Lycaste Cassiopeia (a cultivar) Lycaste-Cassiopeia.jpg
Lycaste Cassiopeia (a cultivar)

M

Macodes lowii MacodesLowii.web.jpg
Macodes lowii
Macodes petola Macodes-petola.jpg
Macodes petola
Maxillaria cucullata Maxillaria-cucullata.jpg
Maxillaria cucullata
Maxillaria picta Maxillaria-picta.jpg
Maxillaria picta
Mexicoa ghiesbrechtiana Mexicoa-ghiesbrechtiana.jpg
Mexicoa ghiesbrechtiana
Oncidium schroederianum Oncidium schroederianum - Larsen.jpg
Oncidium schroederianum

N

O

Oerstedella centropetalla Oerstedella-centropetala.jpg
Oerstedella centropetalla
Oncidium noezlianum Cochlioda noezliana - Larsen.jpg
Oncidium noezlianum
Ornithophora radicans Ornithophora-radicans.jpg
Ornithophora radicans

P

Phaius tankervilleae Phaius-tankervilleae.jpg
Phaius tankervilleae
Northern green orchid (Platanthera hyperborea) Platanthera-hyperborea1web.jpg
Northern green orchid (Platanthera hyperborea)
Western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara) Platanthera-praeclara.web.jpg
Western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara)
Polystachya pubescens Polystachya-pubescens.jpg
Polystachya pubescens
Prosthechea cochleata Prosthechea-cochleata.jpg
Prosthechea cochleata
Prosthechea garciana Prosthechea-garciana.jpg
Prosthechea garciana
Prosthechea radiata Prosthechea-radiata.jpg
Prosthechea radiata

Q

R

Rhyncholaelia glauca Rhyncholaelia-glauca.jpg
Rhyncholaelia glauca
Rhynchostele bictoniensis Rhynchostele-bictoniensis.jpg
Rhynchostele bictoniensis
Rhynchostele cordatum Rhynchostele-cordatum.jpg
Rhynchostele cordatum
Rossioglossum ampliatum Flower of Rossioglossum ampliatum - Rspb.2013.0960-F1.large-right.jpeg
Rossioglossum ampliatum

S

Spiranthes romanzoffiana Spiranthes romanzoffiana.jpg
Spiranthes romanzoffiana

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeridinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae</span>

The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera. De Jussieu recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate family in his Genera Plantarum in 1789. Olof Swartz recognized 25 genera in 1800. Louis Claude Richard provided us in 1817 with the descriptive terminology of the orchids. (See External links below). The next step was taken in 1830-1840 by John Lindley, who recognized four subfamilies. He is generally recognized as the father of orchid taxonomy. The next important step was taken by George Bentham with a new classification, recognizing subtribes for the first time. This classification was first presented in a paper that Bentham read to the Royal Society in 1881. Then it was published in 1883 in the final volume of Genera Plantarum. The next great contributors were Pfitzer (1887), Schlechter (1926), Mansfeld (1937), Dressler and Dodson (1960), Garay (1960, 1972), Vermeulen (1966), again Dressler (1981). and Burns-Balogh and Funk (1986). Dressler's 1993 book had considerable influence on later work.

<i>Sobralia</i> Genus of orchids

Sobralia is a genus of orchids native to Mexico, Central and South America. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing epiphytically, in wet forests from sea level to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for Dr. Francisco Sobral, a Spanish botanist. The genus is abbreviated Sob in trade journals.

<i>Coelogyne</i> Genus of orchids

Coelogyne is a genus of 594 species, which are sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera BolborchisLindl., HologynePfitzer and PtychogynePfitzer are generally included here. The genus is abbreviated Coel. in trade journals.

<i>Octomeria</i> Genus of orchids

Octomeria is a plant genus belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises about 150 species native to the Neotropics, mostly in Brazil.

<i>Specklinia</i> Genus of orchids

Specklinia is a genus of orchids native to South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It contains approximately 100 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laeliinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Laeliinae is a Neotropical subtribe including 40 orchid genera, such as Brassavola, Laelia and Cattleya. The genus Epidendrum is the largest within this subtribe, containing about 1500 species. This is followed by the genus Encyclia, with over 120 species.

<i>Polystachya</i> Genus of orchids

Polystachya, abbreviated Pol in horticultural trade, and commonly known as yellowspike orchid, is a flowering plant genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This rather distinctive genus was described by William Jackson Hooker in 1824 and is the type genus of the subtribe Polystachyinae. It contains about 100 species widespread across many of the tropical areas of the world.

<i>Acianthera</i> Genus of orchids

Acianthera is a genus of orchids native to the tropical parts of the Western Hemisphere, especially Brazil. It was first described in 1842 but was not widely recognized until recently. Most of the species were formerly placed under Pleurothallis subgenus Acianthera. This splitting is a result of recent DNA sequencing.

<i>Trichosalpinx</i> Genus of orchids

Trichosalpinx, commonly known as the bonnet orchid, is a genus of about 100 species of neotropical orchid. The genus is widespread across most of Latin America from northern Mexico to Bolivia, as well as the West Indies.

<i>Brachycorythis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Brachycorythis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains approximately 40-50 species native mostly to Africa and Madagascar but also some from South and East Asia.

<i>Cyclopogon</i> Genus of orchids

Cyclopogon is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is a fairly large genus distributed widely over much of South America, the Galápagos, Central America, Mexico and the West Indies, with 2 species (C. elatus + C. cranichoides) in southern Florida.

<i>Diaphananthe</i> Genus of orchids

Diaphananthe is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As currently conceived, it contains 33 accepted species, all endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.

<i>Elleanthus</i> Genus of tiger orchids

Elleanthus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. They are commonly known as tiger orchid. All the species are native to the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere.

<i>Sarcoglottis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Sarcoglottis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is widespread across much of Latin America from Mexico to Argentina, with one species extending northward into Trinidad and the Windward Islands.

References

  1. ↑ Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 151–174. doi: 10.1111/boj.12234 . ISSN   0024-4074.
  2. ↑ "Types of Orchids: A Visual Compendium". FTD.com. 1 March 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Orchidaceae Juss. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 6 July 2024.
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