Dactylorhiza | |
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Common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Orchidaceae |
Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
Tribe: | Orchideae |
Subtribe: | Orchidinae |
Genus: | Dactylorhiza Neck. ex Nevski, 1937 |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Dactylorhiza is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. [2] Dactylorhiza were previously classified under Orchis , which has two round tubers. [3]
They are hardy tuberous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long leaves are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long stem which reaches a height of 70–90 cm (28–35 in). Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The inflorescence, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact raceme with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.
The name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος daktylos 'finger' and ῥίζα rhiza 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.
Many species in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see [4] ), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as pulverised fuel ash, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.
34 species are accepted. [5]
Plants of the World Online accepts the following inter-specific hybrids. [5]
Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = a hybrid variety.
These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere. It is found across much of Europe, North Africa and Asia from Portugal and Iceland to Taiwan and Kamchatka, including Russia, Japan, China, Central Asia, the Middle East, Ukraine, Scandinavia, Germany, Poland, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, etc. Inclusion of the widespread frog orchid, often called Coeloglossum viride , into Dactylorhiza as per some recent classifications, [6] [7] expands the genus distribution to include Canada and much of the United States. [1]
Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii, the common spotted orchid, is a subspecies of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae.
The genus Ophrys is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. They are widespread across much of Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, the Canary Islands, and the Middle East as far east as Turkmenistan.
Anacamptis is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae); it is often abbreviated as Ant in horticulture. This genus was established by Louis Claude Richard in 1817; the type species is the pyramidal orchid and it nowadays contains about one-third of the species placed in the "wastebin genus" Orchis before this was split up at the end of the 20th century, among them many that are of hybrid origin. The genus' scientific name is derived from the Greek word anakamptein, meaning "to bend backwards".
Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids.
Dactylorhiza majalis, or the broad-leaved marsh orchid, is a terrestrial Eurasian orchid.
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. praetermissa, the southern marsh orchid or leopard marsh orchid, is a commonly occurring species of European orchid.
Dactylorhiza incarnata, the early marsh-orchid, is a perennial, temperate-climate species of orchid generally found growing in wet meadows, and generally on base-rich soils, up to about 2100m asl. The species occurs widely in Europe and Asia from Portugal and Ireland east to Siberia and Xinjiang.
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. lapponica, the Lapland marsh-orchid, is an orchid native to parts of Europe and Siberia, including the Pyrenees, Alps, and Carpathians and across middle Europe, Scandinavia, and European Russia
Dactylorhiza maculata, known as the heath spotted-orchid or moorland spotted orchid, is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Orchidaceae. It is widespread in mountainous regions across much of Europe from Portugal and Iceland east to Russia. It is also found in Algeria, Morocco, and western Siberia.
Dactylorhiza purpurella, the northern marsh orchid, is an orchid native to Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway.
Dactylorhiza elata, the robust marsh orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to the western Mediterranean region.
Dactylorhiza foliosa, the Madeira orchid or leafy orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, endemic to the Portuguese Island of Madeira in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is a tuberous herbaceous perennial growing to 60 cm (24 in) and producing spikes of intense, magenta-pink flowers in late spring.
Dactylorhiza romana, the Roman dactylorhiza, is a species of orchid. It is native to the Mediterranean Region of southern Europe and northern Africa, the range extending eastward to Iran and Turkmenistan.
Károly Rezső Soó von Bere was a Hungarian botanist and professor at the University of Budapest.
Dactylorhiza francis-drucei is a species of terrestrial orchid native to Great Britain and Ireland.
Dactylorhiza francis-drucei subsp. traunsteinerioides, known as the narrow-leaved marsh-orchid and Pugsley's marsh orchid, is a subspecies of Dactylorhiza francis-drucei found only in Great Britain and Ireland. It is also treated as the species Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides.
Orchis pallens, the pale orchid or pale-flowered orchid, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Orchis of the family Orchidaceae. It is found in most of Europe ranging from Spain across to the Caucasus. It blooms in spring with pale yellow flowers.
Talsi rolling hills is a nature park in the middle of Talsi Municipality. It is located in the north-western part of Vanemas pauguraine and includes the highest part, administratively belongs to Laidzes, Laucienes and Lībagu parishes. The protected area was established in 1987 to protect one of the North Kurzeme Uplands and highest part of the Elder Hill. It is most diverse areas in terms of natural conditions in the Latvia north-east, with a distinctly hilly terrain and several small but deep lakes. Scenic area. Natura 2000 territory. Many Latvia rare and protected plant and animal species. In total 24 species of flora (1) and fauna (23) are protected under EU Nature directives.
Ophrys holosericea, the late spider orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to western and central Europe and the Mediterranean region. There has been considerable confusion about the identity of this species and the correct spelling of its name.