Anacamptis

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Anacamptis
Anacamptis fragrans (flower spike).jpg
Anacamptis coriophora
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Orchideae
Subtribe: Orchidinae
Genus: Anacamptis
Rich.
Species

Probably hundreds; see text

Synonyms

VermeuleniaÁ.Löve & D.Löve
AnteriorchisE.Klein & Strack

Contents

Anacamptis is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae); it is often abbreviated as Ant in horticulture. This genus was established by Louis Claude Richard in 1817; the type species is the pyramidal orchid (A. pyramidalis) and it nowadays contains about one-third of the species placed in the "wastebin genus" Orchis before this was split up at the end of the 20th century, [1] among them many that are of hybrid origin. The genus' scientific name is derived from the Greek word anakamptein, meaning "to bend backwards".

These terrestrial orchids occur on grasslands, limestone or chalk deposits, or on dunes in Eurasia, from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia.

Systematics

Except the pyramidal orchid (A. pyramidalis), all species of Anacamptis seem to form a clade around the green-veined orchid (A. morio). They have a diploid chromosome number of 32 or 36. A useful character for distinguishing Anacamptis from Orchis where the green-veined orchid clade was formerly included is the basal fusion of the three sepals in Anacamptis. [2]

The few bigeneric hybrids are typically between closely related genera, in particular Serapias . Hybrids between the pyramidal orchid and the early purple orchid (Orchis mascula), found in Cumbria (UK) in 1997, proved short-lived because of the highly divergent genomic lineages of the parents. [2]

Species

Anacamptis papilionacea Anacamptis papilionacea (flower).jpg
Anacamptis papilionacea
Anacamptis x feinbruniae Anacamptis x feinbruniae 1.jpg
Anacamptis × feinbruniae

As of May 2014, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 11 species, two with subspecies: [3]

Selected nothospecies

Intergeneric hybrids

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References

  1. Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004)
  2. 1 2 Bateman et al. (2003), Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004)
  3. "Search for Anacamptis", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , retrieved 3 May 2014

Notes