Nervilia

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Shield orchids
Nervilia aragoana 4.JPG
Nervilia concolor in the Tsukuba Botanical Garden
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Nervilieae
Subtribe: Nerviliinae
Schltr.
Genus: Nervilia
Comm. ex Gaudich.
Species

About 65, see text

Synonyms [1]

Nervilia, commonly known as shield orchids, is a genus of orchids with about 80 species widely distributed across most of sub-Saharan Africa, southern Asia (Saudi Arabia, India, China, Japan, Indochina, Indonesia, etc.), Australia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. [1] [2] Six species occur in Australia (2 or 3 of these endemic), [3] with 16 in India, [4] 10 in China [5] and 5 in South Africa. [6]

Contents

Description

Orchids in the genus Nervilia are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with an oval to almost spherical tuber and sometimes a few short roots. One or two flowers are borne on an erect, fleshy, leafless flowering stem. When flowering the plants lack leaves, but a single erect or ground-hugging leaf develops after the flower has fully opened. The leaves are usually wrinkled or crumpled with distinct, fan-like veins, giving rise to the genus name. The flowers are often short-lived, lasting for only a few days. The sepals and petals are similar, but the labellum is prominent and often composed of three lobes. The genus is poorly understood, mainly because the flower and leaf are present at different times, so that herbarium specimens are often incomplete. [3] [7] [8]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Nervilia was first formally described in 1827 by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré after an unpublished description by Philibert Commerson. The description was published in his book Voyage autour du monde . [1] [9] The name Nervilia is derived from the Latin word nervus meaning "nerve", [10] referring to the veined leaves. [11]

Nervilia is the sole member of its subtribe, the Nerviliinae. [12]

Species list

The following is a list of species of Nervilia recognised by the Index Kewensis as at 16 August 2018: [13]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Zeuxine</i> Genus of orchids

Zeuxine, commonly known as verdant jewel orchids, is a genus of about eighty species of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. They are native to parts of tropical Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia and some Pacific Islands. They have relatively narrow, dark green leaves and small, dull-coloured resupinate flowers with the dorsal sepal and petals overlapping to form a hood over the column. The labellum has a pouched base and its tip has two lobes.

<i>Corybas</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

Corybas, commonly known as helmet orchids, is a genus of about 120 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Helmet orchids are small, perennial, deciduous herbs and are nearly always terrestrial. They have a single leaf at their base and a single flower on a short stalk, the flower dominated by its large dorsal sepal and labellum. Species of Corybas are found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, the Himalayas, southern China, many Pacific islands and a few sub-Antarctic islands.

<i>Goodyera</i> Genus of orchids

Goodyera, commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of Goodyera have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East Asia, Goodyera is found across Europe, Madeira, North and Central America, Australia, and on islands from the west Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. They have a rosette of leaves at their base and usually many small white resupinate flowers. They are similar to orchids in the genus Spiranthes but can be distinguished from them by the shape and colour patterns of the leaves.

<i>Gastrochilus</i> Genus of orchids

Gastrochilus, abbreviated Gchls in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia, including China, Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, etc.

<i>Neottia</i> Genus of orchids

Neottia is a genus of orchids. The genus now includes the former genus Listera, commonly known as twayblades referring to the single pair of opposite leaves at the base of the flowering stem. The genus is native to temperate, subarctic and arctic regions across most of Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with a few species extending into subtropical regions in the Mediterranean, Indochina, the southeastern United States, etc.

<i>Didymoplexis</i> Genus of plants

Didymoplexis, commonly known as crystal orchids or as 双唇兰属 , is a genus of terrestrial leafless orchids in the family Orchidaceae, about twenty species of which have been described. Orchids in this genus have swollen, fleshy rhizomes and thin, pale, upright fleshy flowering stems with resupinate, bell-shaped white or pale yellowish brown flowers. They are native to Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Australia and various islands of the Pacific.

<i>Aphyllorchis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Aphyllorchis, commonly known as pauper orchids or as 無葉蘭屬/无叶兰属 , is a genus of about twenty species of terrestrial leafless orchids in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus have fleshy, upright stems and small to medium-sized resupinate flowers with narrow sepals and petals. They are native to a region extending from India east to China and Japan, south to Indonesia, New Guinea and Queensland.

<i>Pinalia</i> Genus of orchids

Pinalia, commonly known as gremlin orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are large epiphytic or lithophytic plants with prominent pseudobulbs, each with up to three thin, flat leaves and cup-shaped, relatively short-lived flowers with scale-like brown hairs on the outside. There are about 120 species occurring from tropical to subtropical Asia to the south-west Pacific.

<i>Luisia</i> Genus of orchids

Luisia, commonly known as velvet orchids or 钗子股属 , is a genus of epiphytic or lithophytic orchids in family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus have flattened roots, long leafy stems, narrow, thick, leathery leaves and short-lived flowers that open sporadically. There are about forty species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<i>Robiquetia</i> Genus of orchids

Robiquetia, commonly known as pouched orchids, or 寄树兰属 , is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes with long, sometimes branched, fibrous stems, leathery leaves in two ranks and large numbers of small, densely crowded flowers on a pendulous flowering stem. There are about eighty species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<i>Cheirostylis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cheirostylis, commonly known as fleshy jewel orchids or velvet orchids, is a genus of about sixty species of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are terrestrial herbs with a caterpillar-like rhizome and a loose rosette of leaves. Small, white, hairy flowers develop as the leaves wither. They are found in tropical Africa, southern Asia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, New Guinea and Australia.

<i>Grosourdya</i> Genus of orchids

Grosourdya is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As of May 2022, it contains 26 known species, native to Southeast Asia.

  1. Grosourdya appendiculata(Blume) Rchb.f. - widespread from Hainan to the Andaman Islands to the Philippines and Maluku
  2. Grosourdya bicornutaJ.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  3. Grosourdya bigibba (Schltr.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  4. Grosourdya calliferaSeidenf. - Thailand
  5. Grosourdya ciliata (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  6. Grosourdya decipiens (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  7. Grosourdya emarginata (Blume) Rchb.f.
  8. Grosourdya fasciculata (Carr) Kocyan & Schuit.
  9. Grosourdya incurvicalcar(J.J.Sm.) Garay - Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi
  10. Grosourdya leytensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  11. Grosourdya lobata Kocyan & Schuit.
  12. Grosourdya milneri P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood
  13. Grosourdya mindanaensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  14. Grosourdya minutiflora(Ridl.) Garay - Pahang
  15. Grosourdya minutissima P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne
  16. Grosourdya multistrata P.O'Byrne, J.J.Verm. & S.M.L.Lee
  17. Grosourdya muscosa(Rolfe) Garay - Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Andaman Islands
  18. Grosourdya myosurus (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  19. Grosourdya nitida (Seidenf.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  20. Grosourdya pulvinifera(Schltr.) Garay - Sabah, Sulawesi
  21. Grosourdya quinquelobata(Schltr.) Garay - Sulawesi
  22. Grosourdya reflexicalcarP.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
  23. Grosourdya tripercus(Ames) Garay - Leyte
  24. Grosourdya urunensisJ.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  25. Grosourdya vietnamica (Aver.) Kumar & S.W.Gale
  26. Grosourdya zollingeri(Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. - Java, Maluku
<i>Hetaeria</i> Species of orchid

Hetaeria, commonly known as hairy jewel orchids, is a genus of about thirty species of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are terrestrial herbs with a succulent rhizome and a loose rosette of leaves. Small, pale, hairy non-resupinate flowers are borne on a thin, hairy flowering stem. They are found in tropical Africa and Asia to New Guinea, Australia and some Pacific Islands.

<i>Peristylus</i> Genus of orchids

Peristylus, sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of eastern and southern Asia as well as in Australia and on many islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Porpax</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

Porpax is a genus of epiphytic orchids native to southern and southeastern Asia from India to Yunnan to Borneo. As of March 2021, Plants of the World Online accepts the following species:

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Nervilia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 280. ISBN   1877069124.
  4. Orchid Kerala, Nervilia
  5. Flora of China v 25 p 197, 芋兰属 yu lan shu, Nervilia Commerson ex Gaudichaud, Voy. Uranie, Bot. 421. 1829.
  6. Plants of Southern Africa: an Online Check List
  7. "Nervilia". Flora of China. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  8. "Nervilia". Flora of Pakistan. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  9. Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Charles (1826). Voyage autour du monde. Paris. pp. 421–422. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  10. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 555.
  11. Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC world dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific names, eponyms and etymology . Boca Raton, Florida USA: CRC Press. p.  1814. ISBN   0849326737.
  12. Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 151–174. doi: 10.1111/boj.12234 . ISSN   0024-4074.
  13. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. "Nervilia". World Checklist of Orchidaceae.