Prosthechea

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Prosthechea
Prosthechea-cochleata.jpg
Prosthechea cochleata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Laeliinae
Genus: Prosthechea
Knowles & Westc., 1838
Type species
Prosthechea glauca
Knowles & Westc. - Floral Cabinet 2: 111-112. 1838.
Species

About 100 species - See text

Synonyms [1]
  • EpitheciaKnowles & Westc., illegitimate superfluous name
  • HormidiumLindl. ex Heynh.
  • AnacheiliumHoffmanns.
  • EpicladiumSmall
  • Euchile(Dressler & G.E.Pollard) Withner
  • PseudencycliaChiron & V.P.Castro
  • PanaricaWithner & P.A.Harding
  • PollardiaWithner & P.A.Harding

Prosthechea is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word prostheke (appendix), referring to the appendage on the back of the column. Appendage orchid is a common name for this genus. [2] Prosthechea is abbreviated Psh. in the horticultural trade. [3]

Contents

Morphology

The roots of all Prosthechea species possess a velamen (a thick sponge-like covering) differentiated into epivelamen and endovelamen. Flavonoid crystals were observed in both the roots and leaves. The erect stems form flattened or thickened pseudobulbs. There are 1 to 3 terminal, sessile leaves. The leathery blade is ovate to lanceolate. (Euchile leaves are softer and thinner than other Prosthechea leaves.)

The flowers form an apical, paniculate raceme with a spathe at the base of the inflorescence. There is a great variety in the flowers of this genus. They may be attached to the stem by a peduncle or they may be sessile. They can flower on the raceme at the same time or successively. They can be resupinate or non-resupinate (as in Prosthechea cochleata). Prosthechea flowers are unique among the Laeliinae in producing fluorescent flavenoid crystals when preserved in ethanol with 5% sodium hydroxide. [4]

The sepals are almost equal in length, while the petals can be much slender. The lip is pressed closely (adnate to proximal) to half of the column and shows a callus (a stiff protuberance). The column is 3- to 5-toothed at its top.

There are four, almost equal pollinia with an inverted egg shape. There are four stalks (or caudicles) in two pairs. The beak is entire, curved into a half circle and covered with viscous glycoside crystals.

The fruits consist of ellipse-shaped to egg-shaped, 1-locular, 3-winged capsules.

Taxonomy

The genus Prosthechea has only recently (1997; published in 1998) been reestablished by W. E. Higgins as a distinct genus (see references). Two species were later transferred to Euchile ( E. citrina and E. mariae ) by Withner in 1998. [5] The status of Euchile species as sister to Prosthechea excluding Euchile was confirmed by Higgins in his doctoral dissertation in 2000. [6] Previously, the species had been included in different genera : Anacheilium , Encyclia , Epidendrum , Euchile , Hormidium and Pollardia . The status as genus was confirmed by recent data, based on molecular evidence (nuclear (nrITS) and plastid (matK and trnL-F) DNA sequence data) (W. E. Higgins et al. 2003).

Distribution

This is a neotropical epiphytic genus, widespread across much of Latin America from Mexico to Paraguay, as well as in Florida and the West Indies. [1] [7]

Species

As of May 2023, Plants of the World Online accepts the following species: [8]

ImageNameDistributionElevation (m)
Anacheilium abbreviatum - Flickr 003 - cropped.jpg Prosthechea abbreviata (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru100–1,400 metres (330–4,590 ft)
Prosthechea aemula (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil650–1,800 metres (2,130–5,910 ft)
Prosthechea alagoensis (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Alagoas and Bahia )800–1,000 metres (2,600–3,300 ft)
Prosthechea allemanii (Barb.Rodr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Minas Gerais and Parana)1,100–1,400 metres (3,600–4,600 ft)
Prosthechea allemanoides (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil ( Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and São Paulo )500–1,100 metres (1,600–3,600 ft)
Prosthechea aloisii (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999).Ecuador (Imbabura)
Prosthechea arminii (Rchb.f.) Withner & P.A.Harding (2004).Colombia and Venezuela1,200 metres (3,900 ft)
Epidendrum pentotis2.jpg Prosthechea baculus (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Vera Cruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and south to Colombia and Brazil400–1,700 metres (1,300–5,600 ft)
Prosthechea barbozae Pupulin (2004).Costa Rica900 metres (3,000 ft)
Prosthechea bennettii (Christenson) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Peru2,000–4,150 metres (6,560–13,620 ft)
Prosthechea bicamerata (cropped).jpg Prosthechea bicamerata (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico1,900–2,600 metres (6,200–8,500 ft)
Anacheilium bohnkianum.jpg Prosthechea bohnkiana V.P.Castro & G.F.Carr(2004).Brazil (Bahia)1,000 metres (3,300 ft)
Dollar Orchid at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens (cropped).jpg Prosthechea boothiana (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Florida, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba, Caymans, Mexico, Guatemala and Belize0–1,500 metres (0–4,921 ft)
Prosthechea borsiana (Campacci) Van den Berg (2015)Peru (Amazonas) and Brazil (Goias)
Prosthechea brachiata (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca)1,700–2,200 metres (5,600–7,200 ft)
Prosthechea brachychila (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Colombia, and Venezuela2,000–2,700 metres (6,600–8,900 ft)
Prosthechea brassavolae GotBot 2015 003.jpg Prosthechea brassavolae (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama900–2,500 metres (3,000–8,200 ft)
Anacheilium bueraremense.jpg Prosthechea bueraremensis (Campacci) Van den Berg(2015)Brazil (Bahia)800–900 metres (2,600–3,000 ft)
Prosthechea bulbosa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).southeastern Brazil1,000–1,300 metres (3,300–4,300 ft)
Prosthechea caetensis (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Minas Gerais and Bahia)
Prosthechea calamaria Orchi 049.jpg Prosthechea calamaria (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Bolivia220–1,400 metres (720–4,590 ft)
Prosthechea campos-portoi (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Espirito Santo)
Prosthechea campylostalix Orchi 044.jpg Prosthechea campylostalix (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Guatemala, Panama and Costa Rica1,200–2,000 metres (3,900–6,600 ft)
Prosthechea carrii V.P.Castro & Campacci (2001).Brazil (Bahia)1,200–1,600 metres (3,900–5,200 ft)
Anacheilium chacaoensis - cropped.jpg Prosthechea chacaoensis (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela0–1,200 metres (0–3,937 ft)
Prosthechea chimborazoensis (Schltr.) W.E.HigginsPanama to Ecuador and Venezuela
Prosthechea chondylobulbon (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, Mexico, Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Puebla and Chiapas), Guatemala and El Salvador1,000–2,600 metres (3,300–8,500 ft)
Prosthechea christensonii (Harding) W.E.Higgins (2009)Ecuador
Prosthechea christyana (Rchb.f.) Garay & Withner (2001).Bolivia
Prosthechea citrina (Lex.) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82 377 (1997 publ. 1998) (49993975831).jpg Prosthechea citrina (Lex.) W.E.Higgins(1997 publ. 1998)Mexico1,300–2,600 metres (4,300–8,500 ft)
Prosthechea cochleata Orchi 17.jpg Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Florida, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Leewards, Puerto Rica, Windwards, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia1,900 metres (6,200 ft)
Prosthechea concolor (Lex.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Puebla)1,500–2,100 metres (4,900–6,900 ft)
Flickr - ggallice - Orchid (7).jpg Prosthechea crassilabia (Poepp. & Endl.) Carnevali & I.RamírezCuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Trinidad & Tobago, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana, and Guyana1,200–1,900 metres (3,900–6,200 ft)
Prosthechea cretacea (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero and Oaxaca)2,200–2,600 metres (7,200–8,500 ft)
Prosthechea ebanii Chiron & V.P.Castro(2008)Brazil ( Espirito Santo)
Prosthechea elisae Chiron & V.P.Castro (2003).Brazil (Espirito Santo)500 metres (1,600 ft)
Prosthechea faresiana (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Minas Gerais)1,000–1,500 metres (3,300–4,900 ft)
Prosthechea farfanii (1).jpg Prosthechea farfanii Christenson (2002).Peru2,100–2,600 metres (6,900–8,500 ft)
Prosthechea fausta (Rchb.f. ex Cogn.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil700 metres (2,300 ft)
Prosthechea favoris (Rchb.f.) Salazar & Soto Arenas (2001).Mexico
Prosthechea fortunae (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Panama (Chiriqui)
Encyclia fragrans-Prosthechea fragrans inflorescence (36233927662).jpg Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Leewards, Trinidad & Tobago, Windwards, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil2,000 metres (6,600 ft)
Prosthechea fuertesii (Cogn.) Christenson (2008)Cuba to Hispaniola.
Encyclia garciana 001 GotBot 2015.jpg Prosthechea garciana (Garay & Dunst.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela1,200 metres (3,900 ft)
Prosthechea ghiesbreghtiana (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca)2,000–2,700 metres (6,600–8,900 ft)
Prosthechea gilbertoi (Garay) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Colombia2,000–2,200 metres (6,600–7,200 ft)
Prosthechea glauca.jpg Prosthechea glauca Knowles & Westc. (1838).Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador900–2,100 metres (3,000–6,900 ft)
Orchidaceae Prosthechea glumacea 1.2 (cropped).jpg Prosthechea glumacea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Nicaragua, Guatemala, Ecuador and Brazil50 metres (160 ft)
Prosthechea grammatoglossa.jpg Prosthechea grammatoglossa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia750–2,100 metres (2,460–6,890 ft)
Prosthechea greenwoodiana (Aguirre-Olav.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Oaxaca)2,020 metres (6,630 ft)
Prosthechea guttata GotBot 2015 002 - cropped.jpg Prosthechea guttata (Schltr.) Christenson (2003).Mexico1,400–2,400 metres (4,600–7,900 ft)
Prosthechea hajekii D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001).Peru ( Junin)1,800 metres (5,900 ft)
Prosthechea hartwegii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia1,300–3,100 metres (4,300–10,200 ft)
Prosthechea hastata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca )2,400 to 2,700 metres (7,900 to 8,900 ft)
Panarica ionocentra.jpg Prosthechea ionocentra (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia900–1,600 metres (3,000–5,200 ft)
Prosthechea ionophlebia (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Costa Rica and Panama700–1,100 metres (2,300–3,600 ft)
Prosthechea itabirinhensis (Campacci) J.M.H.ShawBrazil (Minas Gerais)1,245 metres (4,085 ft)
Prosthechea jauana (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela
Prosthechea joaquingarciana Pupulin (2001).Costa Rica1,800–2,000 metres (5,900–6,600 ft)
Prosthechea karwinskii (Mart.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 119(Suppl.) 38 (2011) (49894387708).jpg Prosthechea karwinskii (Mart.) J.M.H.ShawMexico (Oaxaca)1,300–2,600 metres (4,300–8,500 ft)
Prosthechea kautskyi (Pabst) W.E.HigginsBrazil (Espirito Santo )500–1,200 metres (1,600–3,900 ft)
Prosthechea lambda (Linden ex Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Colombia200–250 metres (660–820 ft)
Prosthechea lindenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Colombia and Venezuela1,600–2,000 metres (5,200–6,600 ft)
Prosthechea livida Orchi 041.jpg Prosthechea livida (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998)Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador0–1,600 metres (0–5,249 ft)
Prosthechea macrothyrsodes (Rchb.f.) ChristensonColombia
Prosthechea madrensis (Schltr.) KarremansMexico, El Salvador and Nicaragua600–1,050 metres (1,970–3,440 ft)
Prosthechea magnispatha.jpg Prosthechea magnispatha (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico800–1,800 metres (2,600–5,900 ft)
Anacheilium marcilianum.jpg Prosthechea marciliana (Campacci) W.E.HigginsBrazil (Mato Grosso)300–400 metres (980–1,310 ft)
Prosthechea mariae Orchi 022.jpg Prosthechea mariae (Ames) W.E.HigginsMexico1,000–1,200 metres (3,300–3,900 ft)
Prosthechea megahybos (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999).Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia900–1,200 metres (3,000–3,900 ft)
Prosthechea mejia (Withner & P.A.Harding) W.E.HigginsColombia
Prosthechea michuacana (Lex.) W.E.Higgins in Phytologia 82- 379 (1997 publ. 1998) 20230521 203942.jpg Prosthechea michuacana (Lex.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998)Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Vera Cruz, and Chiapas ), Guatemala and Honduras1,500–2,800 metres (4,900–9,200 ft)
Prosthechea tripunctata Orchi 059.jpg Prosthechea micropus (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (2005)Mexico (Nayarit, Jaslisco, Guerrero, Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca )1,200–2,000 metres (3,900–6,600 ft)
Prosthechea moojenii (23661055282) (cropped).jpg Prosthechea moojenii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil ( Bahia and Minas Gerais)300 metres (980 ft)
Prosthechea mulasii Soto Arenas & L.Cerv. (2002 publ. 2003).Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco and Mexico) and Guatemala1,800–2,200 metres (5,900–7,200 ft)
Prosthechea neglecta Pupulin (2001).Costa Rica1,900–2,800 metres (6,200–9,200 ft)
Prosthechea neurosa - Flickr 003.jpg Prosthechea neurosa (Ames) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Chiapas), Belize, Guatemala and Costa Rica700–1,100 metres (2,300–3,600 ft)
Prosthechea obpiribulbon (Hágsater) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Oaxaca to Jalisco)1,300–2,700 metres (4,300–8,900 ft)
Prosthechea ochracea Orchi 004.jpg Prosthechea ochracea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama500–3,500 metres (1,600–11,500 ft)
Prosthechea ortizii (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Costa Rica
Prosthechea pachysepala (Klotzsch) Chiron & V.P.CastroBrazil ( Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo)1,000 metres (3,300 ft)
Prosthechea pamplonensis (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela and Ecuador1,800–2,700 metres (5,900–8,900 ft)
Prosthechea panthera (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico(Oaxaca and Chiapas) and Guatemala1,300–2,100 metres (4,300–6,900 ft)
Prosthechea papilio (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais near Serra da Canastra, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catalina)
Prosthechea pastoris (Lex.) Espejo & López-Ferr. (2000).Mexico100–2,500 metres (330–8,200 ft)
Prosthechea pitengoensis (T.V.S.Campacci & Laitano) J.M.H.ShawBrasil (Minas Geraias)600 metres (2,000 ft)
Prosthechea pringlei (Rolfe) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero and Oaxaca )1,800–2,500 metres (5,900–8,200 ft)
Prosthechea prismatocarpa - Flickr 003.jpg Prosthechea prismatocarpa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Costa Rica and Panama1,200–3,300 metres (3,900–10,800 ft)
Hormidium pseudopygmaeum.jpg Prosthechea pseudopygmaea (Finet) W.E.HigginsMexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama1,400–2,700 metres (4,600–8,900 ft)
Pollardia pterocarpa.jpg Prosthechea pterocarpa (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico550–2,200 metres (1,800–7,220 ft)
Prosthechea pulcherrima (Klotzsch) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Peru
Prosthechea pulchra Dodson & W.E.Higgins (2001).Ecuador and Bolivia2,600 metres (8,500 ft)
Prosthechea punctulata (Rchb.f.) Soto Arenas & SalazarMexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero)1,500–2,300 metres (4,900–7,500 ft)
Prosthechea pygmaea (Hook.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Florida, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leewards?, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Windwards, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil0–1,700 metres (0–5,577 ft)
Prosthechea racemifera (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Costa Rica and Panama600–1,500 metres (2,000–4,900 ft)
Encyclia radiata (27778641095).jpg Prosthechea radiata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Querétaro Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras and Belize to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia150–2,000 metres (490–6,560 ft)
Prosthechea regentii V.P.Castro & ChironBrazil (Minas Gerais)500–700 metres (1,600–2,300 ft)
Prosthechea regnelliana (Hoehne & Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Minas Gerais)
Prosthechea rhynchophora (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua950–2,000 metres (3,120–6,560 ft)
Prosthechea roraimensis V.P.Castro & CampacciBrazil (Roraima)600–1,000 metres (2,000–3,300 ft)
Prosthechea sceptra Orchi 2012-09-21 083.jpg Prosthechea sceptra (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador150–2,000 metres (490–6,560 ft)
Prosthechea schunkiana (Campacci & P.A.Harding) W.E.HigginsBrazil (Minas Gerais)600 metres (2,000 ft)
Prosthechea semiaperta (Hágsater) W.E.HigginsMexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca )500–2,500 metres (1,600–8,200 ft)
Prosthechea serpentilingua Withner & D.G.HuntBrazil
Prosthechea sessiliflora (Edwall) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (São Paulo and Minas Gerais)
Prosthechea silvana Cath. & V.P.Castro (2003).Brazil (Bahia)400–800 metres (1,300–2,600 ft)
Prosthechea sima (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Panama and Colombia600–1,400 metres (2,000–4,600 ft)
Prosthechea spondiada (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Costa Rica, Jamaica, and Panama900–2,100 metres (3,000–6,900 ft)
Prosthechea squalida (Lex.) Soto Arenas & SalazarMexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Coloma, Michoacan, Guerrerro, Mexico, Moreles, Oaxaca and Vera Cruz)500–2,300 metres (1,600–7,500 ft)
Prosthechea suzanensis (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
Prosthechea tardiflora Mora-Ret. ex Pupulin (2001).Costa Rica500–600 metres (1,600–2,000 ft)
Anacheilium terassanianum.jpg Prosthechea terassaniana (Campacci & P.A.Harding) W.E.HigginsBrazil (São Paulo)200–300 metres (660–980 ft)
Prosthechea tigrina (Linden ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and the Guianas2,100–2,700 metres (6,900–8,900 ft)
Prosthechea tinukiana Bogarín & KarremansCosta Rica2,450 metres (8,040 ft)
Prosthechea trulla -Xiang Gang Qing Song Guan Lan Hua Zhan Tuen Mun, Hong Kong- (9255179384).jpg Prosthechea trulla (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico300–1,500 metres (980–4,920 ft)
Prosthechea vagans (Ames) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica1,400–1,950 metres (4,590–6,400 ft)
Prosthechea varicosa (Bateman ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo)1,500–2,800 metres (4,900–9,200 ft)
Prosthechea vasquezii Christenson (2003).Bolivia.
Prosthechea venezuelana (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador450 metres (1,480 ft)
Prosthechea vespa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil15–1,000 metres (49–3,281 ft)
Prosthechea villae-rosae P.OrtizColombia (Cundinamarca)2,800 metres (9,200 ft)
Prosthechea vespa 8.jpg Prosthechea vita (D.G.Hunt, Withner & P.A.Harding) J.M.H.ShawEcuador
Prosthechea vitellina Orchi 003-1.jpg Prosthechea vitellina (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Mexico, Nicaragua and Honduras1,400–2,600 metres (4,600–8,500 ft)
Prosthechea widgrenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998).Brazil (Minas Gerais)500–1,000 metres (1,600–3,300 ft)

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Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae, a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Earth except glaciers. The world's richest diversity of orchid genera and species is found in the tropics.

<i>Cattleya</i> Genus of orchids

Cattleya is a genus of orchids from Costa Rica south to Argentina. The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals.

<i>Laelia</i> Genus of orchids

Laelia is a small genus of 25 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Laelia species are found in areas of subtropical or temperate climate in Central and South America, but mostly in Mexico. Laelia is abbreviated L. in the horticultural trade.

<i>Epidendrum</i> Genus of orchids

Epidendrum, abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,500 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name refers to its epiphytic growth habit.

<i>Encyclia</i> Genus of orchids

Encyclia is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek enkykleomai, referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. It is abbreviated as E. in the horticultural trade.

<i>Hormidium</i> Genus of orchids

Within the Orchidaceae, Hormidium was originally a subgenus of the genus Epidendrum, but was later raised to a full genus. It is now considered not to be distinct from the genus Prosthechea, of which it is a synonym. Most of the species of Hormidium have been transferred to Prosthechea, although others are now classified in Encyclia, Epidendrum, Homalopetalum, and Lepanthes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laeliinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Laeliinae is a Neotropical subtribe including 40 orchid genera, such as Brassavola, Laelia and Cattleya. The genus Epidendrum is the largest within this subtribe, containing about 1500 species. This is followed by the genus Encyclia, with over 120 species.

<i>Pseudolaelia</i> Genus of orchids

Pseudolaelia is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae), the entire genus endemic to Brazil. The abbreviation used in the horticultural trade is Pdla.

<i>Guarianthe</i> Genus of orchids

Guarianthe, abbreviated Gur. in the horticultural trade, is a small genus of epiphytic orchids, growing in wet forests in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad. It was separated from the bifoliate Cattleyas in 2003, based on phylogenetic studies of nuclear DNA sequence data.

<i>Prosthechea cochleata</i> Species of orchid

Prosthechea cochleata, commonly referred to as the clamshell orchid or cockleshell orchid, is an epiphytic, sympodial New World orchid native to Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, Venezuela, and southern Florida. It is also known as the black orchid in Belize, where it is the national flower.

Resupination is derived from the Latin word resupinus, meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward".

<i>Cattleya crispa</i> Species of orchid

Cattleya crispa is a species of orchid indigenous to the Tijuca Mountains north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, noted for its crisped and ruffled petals and lip. It is the type species for both the subgenus Cattleya subg. Crispae and its section Cattleya sect. Crispae.

<i>Loefgrenianthus</i> Genus of orchids

Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae is a showy orchid species, inhabitant of Serra do Mar mountains in Brazilian southeast. It is the only species of the monotypic genus Loefgrenianthus. It can be differentiated from its closest genus, Leptotes, both because of its pending vegetation with flat leaves and the flowers which have a saccate labellum. Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae is highly appreciated by orchid collectors.

<i>Epidendrum calanthum</i> Species of plant

Epidendrum calanthum is a terrestrial reed-stemmed Epidendrum orchid from the montane Tropical rainforest of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and the West Indies.

Epidendrum subgenus Aulizeum was raised from sectional status by Lindley in 1853. According to the Latin diagnosis, this taxon included those species of Epidendrum with a multi-lobate lip adnate to the column, with pseudobulbous stems, with the flowers sessile or born on racemes or panicles. In his further English description, Lindley stated that the species in this taxon have a horn-like stem which is only leafy at the end, and racemose inflorescences. In 1861, Reichenbach listed 32 species in this subgenus; of these, Kew recognizes 31 as separate species.

Oestlundia is a genus of orchid within the subtribe Laeliinae. Its component species are found from Mexico to Venezuela.

<i>Isotria</i> Genus of orchids

Isotria is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.

<i>Prosthechea citrina</i> Species of orchid

Prosthechea citrina, synonym Encyclia citrina, is a species of orchid native to southwest Mexico. It is known as tulip orchid and has a strong lemon fragrance. Its petals are golden yellow with varying degrees of white crenulations in the lip. The plant may be upright or pendant, but the flowers are always pendant. It is also known as the tulip orchid due to its flowers' rounded cup-like shape. It has been referred to for generations as costicoatzontecoxòchitl, meaning "flower in the form of yellow serpent head", by the Nahuas.

Cássio van den Berg is a Brazilian botanist, noted for work in orchid classification and evolution, especially great changes in the generic circumscriptions of ornamental orchids in the genus Cattleya, based on DNA studies for the subtribe Laeliinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zygopetalinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Zygopetalinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae with 418 species.

References

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Prosthechea". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "Alphabetical list of standard abbreviations of all generic names occurring in current use in orchid hybrid registration as at 31st December 2007" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society.
  4. ↑ W. E. Higgins, "PROSTHECHEA A CHEMICAL DISCONTINUITY IN LAELIINAE", Lankesteriana 7(2003)39-41, available online at http://www.jardinbotanicolankester.org/lankesteriana/Lankesteriana%20vol.%203.%202003/Lankesteriana%20N%207/Numeroporsecciones/17%20Higgins.pdf
  5. ↑ C. L. Withner, Brassavola, Encyclia, and other genera of Mexico and Central America. The Cattleyas and their Relatives Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 1998
  6. ↑ reported in W. E. Higgins: "PROSTHECHEA A CHEMICAL DISCONTINUITY IN LAELIINAE", Lankesteriana 7(2003)39-41
  7. ↑ Flora of North America v 26 p 613, Prosthechea Knowles & Westcott, Fl. Cab. 2: 111. 1838.
  8. ↑ "Prosthechea Knowles & Westc. - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
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