Pholidota (plant)

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Pholidota
Pholidota chinensis.jpg
Pholidota chinensis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Arethuseae
Subtribe: Coelogyninae
Genus: Pholidota
Lindl. [1]
Synonyms
  • AcanthoglossumBlume
  • ChelonantheraBlume
  • CrinoniaBlume
  • PtilocnemaD.Don
  • CamelostalixPfitzer in H.G.A.Engler

Pholidota, commonly known as rattlesnake orchids, [2] is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are clump-forming epiphytes or lithophytes with pseudobulbs, each with a single large leaf and a large number of small, whitish flowers arranged in two ranks along a thin, wiry flowering stem that emerges from the top of the pseudobulb. There are about thirty five species native to areas from tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwestern Pacific.

Contents

Description

Orchids in the genus Pholidota are sympodial epiphytic, lithophytic or, rarely, terrestrial herbs with pseudobulbs, each with one or two large, stalked leathery leaves. A large number of small flowers are arranged in two ranks along a thin, wiry flowering stem that emerges from the top of the pseudobulb. There is a large, papery bract at the base of each flower. The flowers are white, cream-coloured, yellowish or pinkish with a concave dorsal sepal and smaller petals. The labellum is rigidly fixed to the base of the column and there is a deep sac-like structure at its base. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Distribution

Orchids in the genus Pholidota are found in China, Taiwan, the Indian Subcontinent, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, the Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, the Maluku Islands, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Queensland (Australia), Fiji, New Caledonia, the Santa Cruz Islands and Vanuatu. [1] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Pholidota was first formally described in 1825 by John Lindley who published the description in Hooker's Exotic Flora, Containing Figures and Descriptions of New, Rare or Otherwise Interesting Exotic Plants. [1] [6] [7] The name Pholidota is derived from the Ancient Greek word pholidotos meaning "clad in scales", [8] referring to the large bracts at the base of the flower in some species. [3]

Species list

The following is a list of Pholidota species accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at January 2019: [1]

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<i>Cymbidium</i> Genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae

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<i>Arisaema</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Odontochilus</i> Genus of orchids

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<i>Acriopsis</i> Genus of orchids

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<i>Mycaranthes</i> Genus of orchids

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<i>Rhynchostylis</i> Genus of orchids

Rhynchostylis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely allied to the genus Vanda and comprising four currently accepted species native to the Indian Subcontinent, China, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. The name consists of a compound of two Greek elements : rhynchos 'beak' and stylis 'column' – in reference to the very broad, fleshy column of the flower. The flowers are borne in dense racemes and are noted for their intense, spicy fragrance. Although lacking in pseudobulbs, the plants have leathery leaves that are drought-resistant. These orchids grow naturally in warm, moist, shaded tropical areas and will thrive in cultivation if given consistent warmth, uniform moisture and bright, but indirect light. Hobbyists wanting to grow them will need a warm, humid growing environment with gentle air movement. They can be grown in pots, but are better grown in baskets, owing to the extreme fleshiness of their roots. Their unusually fragrant blooms often appear in the slightly cooler winter months.

<i>Thelasis</i> Genus of orchids

Thelasis, commonly known as fly orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are usually epiphytes, sometimes lithophytes or rarely terrestrials. Some species have pseudobulbs with up to three leaves, whilst others have several leaves in two ranks. A large number of small, white or greenish yellow flowers are borne on a thin, arching flowering stem. There are about thirty species, distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwest Pacific.

<i>Hetaeria</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Micropera</i> Genus of orchids

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<i>Papilionanthe</i> Genus of orchids

Papilionanthe is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, southern China, and the Indian Subcontinent.

<i>Pteroceras</i> Genus of orchids

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<i>Schoenorchis</i> Genus of orchids

Schoenorchis, commonly known as flea orchids, or 匙唇兰属 , is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are small epiphytes with thin roots, thin leafy stems with leaves in two ranks and tiny fragrant, almost tube-shaped flowers with a prominently spurred labellum. There are about twenty five species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<i>Urceola</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Urceola is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1798. It is native to China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea.

  1. Urceola brachysepalaHook.f. - Borneo, Java, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines
  2. Urceola elasticaRoxb. - Borneo, Java, W Malaysia, Sumatra
  3. Urceola huaitingii(Chun & Tsiang) Mabb. - Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan
  4. Urceola javanica(Blume) Boerl. - Borneo, Java, Maluku, Sumatra, Sulawesi, New Guinea
  5. Urceola laevis(Elmer) Merr. - Palawan, Sabah, Sulawesi
  6. Urceola lakhimpurensis(S.K.Srivast. & Mehrotra) Karthik. & Moorthy - Assam
  7. Urceola latifolia(Pierre ex Spire) Mabb. - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  8. Urceola lucida(A.DC.) Benth. ex Kurz - Myanmar, Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra
  9. Urceola malayanaMabb. - Cameron Highlands of W Malaysia
  10. Urceola micrantha(Wall. ex G.Don) Mabb. - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan, Ryukyu Islands, Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Nepal, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, W Malaysia
  11. Urceola minutiflora(Pierre) Mabb. - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  12. Urceola napeensis(Quint.) Mabb. - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi
  13. Urceola quintaretii(Pierre) Mabb. - Laos, Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi
  14. Urceola rosea(Hook. & Arn.) D.J.Middleton - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, W Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan
  15. Urceola torulosaHook.f. - W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
  16. Urceola tournieri(Pierre) Mabb. - Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  17. Urceola xylinabariopsoides(Tsiang) Mabb. - Hainan, Vietnam

Rhomboda, commonly known as velvet jewel orchids, is a genus of about twenty species of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are mostly terrestrial herbs with a fleshy, creeping rhizome and a loose rosette of green to maroon coloured leaves. Small resupinate or partly resupinate, dull coloured flowers are borne on a hairy flowering stem. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap and form a hood over the column and there is a deep pouch at the base of the labellum. They are found in tropical regions from northern India through Southeast Asia, China, Japan to Australia and some Pacific Islands.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Pholidota". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 472. ISBN   1877069124.
  3. 1 2 D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Pholidota". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids . Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Pholidota". Flora of China. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  5. "Genus Pholidota". Orchids of New Guinea. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  6. "Pholidota". APNI. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  7. Lindley, John; Hooker, William Jackson (1825). Exotic Flora (Volume 2). Edinburgh: William Blackwood. p. 138. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  8. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 604.