Cuphophyllus

Last updated

Cuphophyllus
2010-11-20 Cuphophyllus pratensis.jpg
Cuphophyllus pratensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Hygrophoraceae
Genus: Cuphophyllus
(Donk) Bon (1985)
Type species
Cuphophyllus pratensis
(Pers.) Bon (1985)

Cuphophyllus is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae. Cuphophyllus species belong to a group known as waxcaps in English, sometimes also waxy caps in North America or waxgills in New Zealand. In Europe, Cuphophyllus species are typical of waxcap grasslands, a declining habitat due to changing agricultural practices. As a result, six species, Cuphophyllus atlanticus (as C. canescens ), [1] C. colemannianus , C. flavipes , C. lacmus , C. lepidopus , and C. radiatus , are of global conservation concern and are listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

History

The genus was described by French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1985, [3] though it was subsequently synonymized with Hygrocybe by some authorities. [4] Cuphophyllus species have sometimes been referred to the genus Camarophyllus (Fr.) P.Kumm. Donk (1962) argued that the type species of Camarophyllus must be Agaricus camarophyllus Alb. & Schwein. the species from which the genus takes its name. [5] This would imply that Camarophyllus sensu stricto is a synonym of Hygrophorus , since A. camarophyllus is a Hygrophorus species ( Hygrophorus camarophyllus ). This is now accepted by all standard authorities. [6] [7] [4] However, H. camarophyllus is not a species name included in the protologue of Camarophyllus, and Singer (1951) proposed Agaricus pratensis (= Cuphophyllus pratensis ) as the type species of Camarophyllus. [8] If Singer's typification is followed, then Camarophyllus (published in 1871) would be the correct name for Cuphophyllus.

Current status

Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that Cuphophyllus is monophyletic and forms a natural group distinct from Hygrocybe sensu stricto. [9] [10] [11]

Description

Species are distinguished from most other waxcaps by producing non-viscid, typically white, grey, or brownish basidiocarps (fruit bodies) often with decurrent lamellae (gills). Species of the genus Chromosera are superficially similar, though often more brightly coloured. [4]

Habitat and distribution

In Europe, Cuphophyllus species are typically found in agriculturally unimproved, short-sward grasslands (including pastures and lawns). Elsewhere, they are most frequently found in woodland. The genus is cosmopolitan. [4]

Economic usage

Fruit bodies of one of the commoner European waxcap species, C. pratensis , are edible [4] and widely collected, sometimes being offered for sale in local markets.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Cuphophyllus: [12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jordal JB, Larsson E (2021). "Cuphophyllus atlanticus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) — a new sister species to the North American C. canescens". Agarica. 42: 39–48.
  2. ↑ "Cuphophyllus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species".
  3. ↑ "Cuphophyllus (Donk) Bon". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Boertmann D. (2010). The genus Hygrocybe (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Danish Mycological Society. p. 200. ISBN   978-87-983581-7-6.
  5. ↑ Donk MA (1962). "The generic names proposed for the Agaricaceae". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 5: 1–320.
  6. ↑ "Camarophyllus (Fr.) P. Kumm". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  7. ↑ "Camarophyllus (Fr.) P. Kumm". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  8. ↑ Singer R. (1949). "The Agaricales in modern taxonomy". Lilloa. 22: 1–832.
  9. ↑ Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ, Bougher NL, Hughes KW, Lodge DJ, Kerrigan RW, Seidl MT, Aanen DK, DeNitis M, Daniele GM, Desjardin DE, Kropp BR, Norvell LL, Parker A, Vellinga EC, Vilgalys R, Hibbett DS (2006). "Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview" (PDF). Mycologia. 98 (6): 982–95. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982. PMID   17486974. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
  10. ↑ Babos M, Halász K, Zagyva T, Zöld-Balogh Á, Szegő D, Bratek Z (2011). "Preliminary notes on dual relevance of ITS sequences and pigments in Hygrocybe taxonomy". Persoonia. 26: 99–107. doi:10.3767/003158511X578349. PMC   3160800 . PMID   22025807.
  11. ↑ Lodge DJ, Padamsee M, Matheny PB, Aime MC, Cantrell SA, Boertmann D, et al. (2014). "Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)". Fungal Diversity. 64 (1): 1–99. doi: 10.1007/s13225-013-0259-0 . hdl: 2318/136089 .
  12. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.