| Javanese flatsedge | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cyperus javanicus habit and inflorescence | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Cyperus |
| Species: | C. javanicus |
| Binomial name | |
| Cyperus javanicus | |
Cyperus javanicus, also known as the Javanese flatsedge, [1] is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Indonesia and Australia. [2]
The rhizomatous glaucous perennial sedge typically grows to a height of 0.6 to 1.2 metres (2.0 to 3.9 ft) and has a tufted habit. The plant blooms between January and August producing brown flowers. [2] The culms are obtusely trigonous and densely papillose. The leaves are long and flat on top while folded at the base and around 2 to 13 millimetres (0.08 to 0.51 in) in width. The compound inflorescences have between six and twelve primary rays which are up to 8 cm 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length. [3]
The species was first formally described by the botanist Martinus Houttuyn in 1782 in the work Natuurlijke Histoire of Uitvoerige Beschryving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen. Several synonyms have been described including: Cyperus pennatus Lam. in 1791, Cyperus canescens Vahl in 1805, Cyperus javanicus subsp. armstrongii Dunlop in 1987, Mariscus pennatus (Lam.) Domin in 1915, Cyperus ventricosus R.Br. in 1810 and Mariscus albescens Gaudich. in 1829. [4]
In Western Australia it is found beside pools and along streams and rivers in the Kimberley region where it grows in sandy-clay soils. [2] The species is also endemic to the Northern Territory and north east Queensland and the Cape York Peninsula. [3]
It is also native to the islands north of Australia including Papua New Guinea, Timor and Indonesia. [4]
The species has also been introduced into Hawaii and islands in the Pacific basin. [1]
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.
Cyperus eragrostis is a species of sedge known by several common names, including tall flatsedge, nutgrass, tall nutgrass, umbrella sedge, chufa, Earth almond, zula nuts, edible galingale and pale galingale.
Cyperus difformis is a species of sedge known by several common names, including variable flatsedge, smallflower umbrella-sedge and rice sedge. This plant is native to southern Europe, most of Africa and Asia, and Australia, and it is naturalized in other areas of the world, including large parts of the Americas.
Cyperus odoratus is a species of sedge known by the common names fragrant flatsedge and rusty flatsedge. This plant can be found in much of the tropical and warm temperate world, including South, Central, and North America, Southeast Asia, some Pacific Islands, Australia, New Guinea, Madagascar, and central Africa. It is a plant of wet, muddy areas, including disturbed and altered sites. This species is quite variable and may in fact be more than one species included under one name. In general this is an annual plant approaching half a meter in height on average but known to grow much taller. It usually has some long, thin leaves around the base. The inflorescence is made up of one to several cylindrical spikes attached at a common point. Each of the spikes bears a large number of flat, oval-shaped spikelets. Each spikelet is usually light brown to reddish-brown and has a few to over 20 flowers. Each flower is covered by a tough, flat bract with a visible midvein. The fruit is a flat achene less than two millimeters long.
Cyperus squarrosus is a species of sedge known by several common names, including bearded flatsedge and awned flatsedge. It is found in wet environments in North and South America, Africa, Australia, southern Asia and Italy.
Cyperus laevigatus is a species of sedge known by the common name smooth flatsedge.
Cyperus gracilis, with the common name is slender flat sedge and slimjim flatsedge, is a sedge native to Australia. The species epithet gracilis refers to the graceful form of the leaves.
Cyperus fauriei is a rare species of sedge known by the common name alpine flatsedge. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it grows on the islands of Molokai and Hawaii. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Cyperus pennatiformis is a rare species of sedge known by the common name coastal flatsedge. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it grows on the islands of Maui, Kauai, and Laysan. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Machaerina juncea, commonly known as bare twig-rush or tussock swamp twig rush, is a sedge in the sedge family, Cyperaceae, that is native to Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia.
Cyperus alterniflorus, commonly known as umbrella flat-sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.
Cyperus congestus, commonly known as dense flat-sedge or clustered flat-sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to southern Africa mostly in South Africa, Lesotho and Namibia.
Cyperus nutans is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia, and to China, India, Bangladesh, south-east Asia, Malaysia, India, and Indonesia.
Cyperus rigidellus is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.
Cyperus surinamensis, also known as the tropical flatsedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to the Americas.
Cyperus tenellus is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae commonly known as the tiny flatsedge.
Cyperus vaginatus, commonly known as stiff-leaf sedge or stiff flat-sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.
Cyperus viscidulus is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to north western Australia.
Cyperus vorsteri is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae native to southern Africa.
Cyperus zollingeri, commonly known as roadside flatsedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to tropical areas of Australia, Africa and Asia.